 - 1. What is the main ingredient in pho broth?
A) Beef bones
B) Vegetable broth
C) Pork bones
D) Chicken bones
- 2. What type of noodles are used in pho?
A) Wheat noodles
B) Egg noodles
C) Rice noodles
D) Buckwheat noodles
- 3. How is pho traditionally eaten?
A) With hands only
B) With chopsticks and a spoon
C) With a fork
D) From a straw
- 4. What time of day is pho typically consumed in Vietnam?
A) Dinner
B) Afternoon snack
C) Midnight snack
D) Breakfast
- 5. What is the traditional pho garnish that provides crunch?
A) Green onions
B) Cilantro
C) Bean sprouts
D) Jalapeños
- 6. What kind of broth is typically used in vegetarian pho?
A) Beef broth
B) Bone broth
C) Chicken broth
D) Vegetable broth
- 7. Which region of Vietnam is pho most commonly associated with?
A) Western Vietnam
B) Southern Vietnam
C) Northern Vietnam
D) Central Vietnam
- 8. How is pho pronounced?
A) Fuh
B) Fo
C) Poe
D) Fee
- 9. In which century did phở first appear in written records?
A) 18th century
B) 21st century
C) 20th century
D) 19th century
- 10. Which city is credited with the creation of traditional Vietnamese phở?
A) Hue
B) Nam Định
C) Saigon
D) Hanoi
- 11. Which of the following is NOT a common meat used in phở?
A) Beef
B) Chicken
C) Water buffalo
D) Pork
- 12. What is the date designated as the 'Day of Pho' in Vietnam?
A) November 11
B) January 1
C) October 10
D) December 12
- 13. Which of these regions is NOT believed to have influenced the development of phở?
A) French
B) Vietnamese
C) Chinese
D) Indian
- 14. Which city has a style of phở known for its sweet broth?
A) Hanoi
B) Huế
C) Da Nang
D) Saigon
- 15. What was the traditional use of water buffaloes in Vietnam before the French colonial period?
A) Meat production
B) Leather production
C) Farming
D) Transportation
- 16. Which of the following dishes is similar to phở and found in China?
A) bánh mì
B) sushi
C) ngau naam ho fun
D) pad thai
- 17. What was the name of the first Vietnamese-owned phở stand in Hanoi?
A) Đồng Row
B) Quạt Row
C) Cát Tường
D) Bờ Hồ
- 18. What type of pole did phở vendors traditionally use to carry their mobile kitchens?
A) Noodle pole
B) Gánh phở
C) Bánh mì pole
D) Phở stick
- 19. Which French dish influenced the preparation of phở broth?
A) Pot-au-feu
B) Coq au vin
C) Ratatouille
D) Bouillabaisse
- 20. What type of hat did phở vendors traditionally wear?
A) Baseball cap
B) Top hat
C) Mũ phở
D) Conical hat
- 21. Which of the following is a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Thyme
B) Rosemary
C) Mint
D) Basil
- 22. What was the primary reason for the increased availability of beef in Vietnam during the French colonial period?
A) Vietnamese preference
B) Chinese influence
C) French demand
D) American intervention
- 23. What is the name of the village in Nam Định Province known as the traditional home of phở?
A) Vân Cù
B) Hanoi
C) Huế
D) Saigon
- 24. Which of the following is a traditional way to serve phở?
A) In a sandwich
B) In a bowl
C) In a cup
D) On a plate
- 25. Which of the following is a traditional way to garnish phở?
A) Sliced yellow chilies
B) Sliced red chilies
C) Sliced black chilies
D) Sliced green chilies
- 26. How much annual revenue did pho restaurants in the United States generate during the 2000s?
A) US$500 million
B) US$250 million
C) US$100 million
D) US$1 billion
- 27. Which of the following is a traditional sauce served with phở?
A) Ketchup
B) Mayonnaise
C) Fish sauce
D) Mustard
- 28. What type of meat might be used in provincial variations of pho?
A) Fish and shrimp
B) Duck, buffalo, goat, or veal
C) Chicken and beef
D) Pork and lamb
- 29. What is the primary reason for the decline of peddler phở gánh around 1936–1946?
A) In favor of stationary eateries
B) Due to government regulation
C) Due to lack of demand
D) Due to competition from fast food
- 30. Who sold the dish ngưu nhục phấn in Hanoi?
A) Vietnamese royalty.
B) French chefs.
C) Chinese immigrants.
D) Indian traders.
- 31. Which U.S. President visited Phở 2000 in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000?
A) Bill Clinton
B) Barack Obama
C) George W. Bush
D) Donald Trump
- 32. Which phở chain is a subsidiary of Highlands Coffee?
A) Pho 24
B) Phở Bình
C) Pho 75
D) Phở Hòa
- 33. Which of the following is not a common spice used in pho broth?
A) Thyme
B) Cinnamon
C) Cloves
D) Star anise
- 34. When was chicken pho first introduced?
A) 1939
B) 1945
C) 1928
D) 1954
- 35. Which of the following is NOT a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Mint
B) Cilantro
C) Perilla
D) Thai basil
- 36. Which spice is sometimes omitted in chicken phở due to its role in reducing beef smell?
A) Cloves
B) Star anise
C) Cinnamon
D) Charred ginger
- 37. What does the Vietnamese poet Tản Đà call phở in his work 'Đánh bạc'?
A) 'Bún chả'.
B) 'Bánh mì'.
C) 'Nhục-phở'.
D) 'Gỏi cuốn'.
- 38. What is the purpose of roasting ginger and onion before adding them to the stock?
A) To bring out their full flavor
B) To make them softer
C) To change their color
D) To reduce their size
- 39. Which of the following is not a seasoning used in pho broth?
A) Star anise
B) Oregano
C) Coriander seed
D) Cinnamon
- 40. When did the Vietnamese Embassy in Mexico celebrate Phở Day?
A) April 2, 2016
B) April 1, 2016
C) April 3, 2016
D) April 4, 2016
- 41. When did the first pho restaurant open in Little Saigon, Orange County, California?
A) 2000
B) 1975
C) 1990
D) 1980
- 42. In which year was the word 'pho' added to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary?
A) 2007
B) 2011
C) 2016
D) 1997
- 43. Which herb is not typically used in Northern pho?
A) Scallions
B) Thai basil
C) Pickled garlic
D) Cilantro
- 44. When was December 12 designated as the 'Day of Phở' by the Vietnamese government?
A) 2015
B) 2024
C) 2018
D) 2020
- 45. Which of the following is a type of chicken part used in chicken pho?
A) Chicken thigh
B) Beef tripe
C) Beef ball
D) Beef brisket
- 46. How does Jean Marquet refer to phở in his 1919 novel?
A) 'Yoc feu!'
B) 'Noodles and beef!'
C) 'Phở Hanoi!'
D) 'Beef soup!'
- 47. What rank did pho achieve on 'World's 50 Most Delicious Foods' compiled by CNN Go in 2011?
A) 10
B) 50
C) 5
D) 28
- 48. What is the name of the phở-like Filipino dish popular in Palawan island?
A) Bún bò Huế
B) Phở sốt vang
C) Chao long
D) Phở Lào
- 49. Which street in Saigon was famous for its beef phở?
A) Phở Công Lý
B) Pasteur Street
C) Phở Bắc Hải
D) Hien Vuong Street
- 50. Which of the following is a traditional way to enhance the flavor of phở?
A) Adding lime juice
B) Adding salt
C) Adding sugar
D) Adding vinegar
- 51. In which decade did pho begin to enter the mainstream in the United States?
A) 2000s
B) 2010s
C) 1990s
D) 1980s
- 52. What is the name of the style of phở that originated from Nam Định and became popular in Hanoi?
A) Saigon style
B) Hanoi style
C) Southern style
D) Nam Định style
- 53. Which part of the chicken is referred to as 'lòng gà' in pho?
A) Chicken breast
B) Immature chicken eggs
C) Chicken innards
D) Chicken thigh
- 54. In which year did the word phở first appear in a short story?
A) 1910
B) 1920
C) 1931
D) 1907
- 55. What is a phở-inspired cocktail likely to incorporate?
A) Rice noodles
B) Lime juice
C) The soup’s signature spices
D) Fish sauce
- 56. What does food historian Erica J. Peters argue about the French embrace of phở?
A) It accurately reflects its historical roots
B) It overlooks its origins as a local improvisation
C) It was a result of French culinary innovation
D) It was a direct adaptation of French cuisine
- 57. Which of the following is a common way to prepare the meat before adding it to beef pho?
A) Sauteed
B) Frozen
C) Raw
D) Boiled
- 58. What does the term ngưu nhục phấn translate to in English?
A) 'Fish soup'.
B) 'Beef noodles'.
C) 'Rice noodles'.
D) 'Chicken broth'.
- 59. Which phở restaurant has locations in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
A) Pho 75
B) Pho 24
C) Phở 10 Lý Quốc Sư
D) Phở Hòa
- 60. What is a special garnish prepared in Central pho?
A) Bean sprouts
B) Scallions
C) Hoisin sauce
D) Pickled papaya
- 61. Which citrus fruit is used in the Filipino chao long dish?
A) Lime
B) Calamansi
C) Lemon
D) Orange
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