Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD - Quiz
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD
  • 1. Which Roman historian described the eruption as a great fire that flared up at the end of summer?
A) Josephus
B) Cassius Dio
C) Suetonius
D) Pliny the Younger
  • 2. For how long was August 24 generally accepted as the date of the eruption?
A) Less than fifty years
B) Over a millennium
C) More than five centuries
D) About one century
  • 3. Which individual provided the only known eyewitness account of the eruption?
A) Tacitus
B) Richard Abdy
C) Carlo Rosini
D) Pliny the Younger
  • 4. What evidence did Carlo Rosini report in 1797 to suggest an autumn eruption date?
A) Charcoal graffiti on walls
B) Traces of autumn fruits and braziers
C) Coins minted in September
D) Heavy winter clothing on victims
  • 5. What do wind patterns in the summer months (June, July, August) typically show?
A) Prevailing winds flow to the west
B) Prevailing winds are stagnant
C) Prevailing winds flow to the southeast
D) Prevailing winds flow to the north
  • 6. Where were the coins recovered that helped inform the timeline of the eruption?
A) Temple of Jerusalem
B) Roman Forum
C) House of the Golden Bracelet
D) Pliny's villa
  • 7. What is the primary reason the date in Pliny's letter might be incorrect?
A) Deliberate forgery by Roman historians
B) The loss of the original Roman papyrus
C) Fourteen centuries of manuscript hand-copying
D) Pliny intentionally misled the public
  • 8. What discovery in 1990 and 2001 suggested the eruption occurred after the grape harvest?
A) Freshly picked grapes
B) Large earthenware storage vessels laden with wine
C) Burnt grape vines
D) Empty wine barrels
  • 9. What did Richard Abdy conclude about the coins found in Pompeii?
A) They were minted years after the eruption
B) They likely reached Pompeii shortly after minting
C) They were forged by local merchants
D) They prove the eruption happened in August
  • 10. What was the content of the charcoal inscription found in October 2018?
A) A letter addressed to Tacitus
B) A record of grape harvest yields
C) The 16th day before the calends of November
D) A warning about the volcano
  • 11. What is the main argument casting doubt on the charcoal graffito as proof of the eruption date?
A) Charcoal graffiti can last for more than a year
B) The graffito was found in a destroyed temple
C) The graffito was written in English
D) The handwriting did not match the period
  • 12. What date range did a 2022 collaborative study determine for the eruption?
A) Between August 24th and August 30th
B) Between June 24th and July 1st
C) Between October 24th and November 1st
D) Between November 15th and November 23rd
  • 13. How old was Pliny the Younger during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius?
A) 17
B) 20
C) 15
D) 25
  • 14. To whom did Pliny the Younger address his letters about the eruption?
A) Tacitus
B) The Roman Senate
C) Pliny the Elder
D) His mother
  • 15. How long after the event did Pliny the Younger write his accounts?
A) 5 years
B) 10 years
C) 25 years
D) Immediately after
  • 16. Where was Pliny the Younger located during the eruption?
A) Misenum
B) Pompeii
C) Rome
D) Herculaneum
  • 17. What shape did the cloud above the mountain resemble?
A) A spear
B) A mushroom
C) A pine tree
D) A giant pillar
  • 18. What caused the elder Pliny to launch his rescue fleet?
A) His nephew's plea
B) A direct order from the Emperor
C) A request by messenger
D) Seeing the mountain explode
  • 19. What phenomenon did Pliny observe that is evidence of a tsunami?
A) The complete drying of the bay
B) A massive wall of water
C) Water entering the houses
D) The sea rolling back upon itself
  • 20. How did Pliny the Younger avoid being buried by the ash?
A) He used a heavy umbrella
B) He wore a mask
C) He stayed indoors
D) He shook it off periodically
  • 21. What prompted Pliny the Younger and his mother to leave their house the first time?
A) Ash falling on the roof
B) A tremor
C) The appearance of the cloud
D) The smell of sulfur
  • 22. What island was obscured by the black cloud according to Pliny?
A) Sicily
B) Capri
C) Elba
D) Sardinia
  • 23. At what time of day did the population abandon the village?
A) At midnight
B) At noon
C) At sunset
D) At dawn
  • 24. Did the damage at Pliny’s location prevent the continued use of his home?
A) Yes, it was buried in ash
B) Yes, it was destroyed
C) No
D) Yes, it was burned down
  • 25. In what year did Sigurðsson, Cashdollar, and Sparks publish their stratigraphic study?
A) 1982
B) 1992
C) 79 AD
D) 1979
  • 26. How many times did the eruption phases alternate according to the study?
A) Two times
B) Six times
C) Eight times
D) Four times
  • 27. What was the maximum height reached by the volcanic column during the Plinian phase?
A) 30 km
B) 2.8 km
C) 15 km
D) 20 km
  • 28. What caused buildings in Pompeii to collapse during the first phase?
A) Lava flows
B) Pyroclastic surges
C) Heavy rain
D) An earthquake
  • 29. How deep was the layer formed in Pompeii during the Plinian phase?
A) 2.8 metres
B) 6 metres
C) 20 metres
D) 1.8 metres
  • 30. Which phase produced pyroclastic surges of molten rock and hot gases?
A) Phreatomagmatic phase
B) Plinian phase
C) Pelean phase
D) Sedimentary phase
  • 31. How deep was the layer of debris that engulfed Pompeii during the Pelean phase?
A) 1.8 metres
B) 9 metres
C) 2.8 metres
D) 20 metres
  • 32. What is the maximum depth of the pyroclastic deposits mentioned in the text?
A) 2.8 metres
B) 1.8 metres
C) 30 metres
D) 20 metres
  • 33. The eruption is considered primarily to be what type of event?
A) Tectonic-only
B) Magmatic-only
C) Phreatomagmatic
D) Effusive
  • 34. In which direction did the first Plinian phase primarily spread its pumice and ash?
A) North
B) West
C) East
D) South
  • 35. What is the approximate distance between Misenum and Mount Vesuvius?
A) 5 kilometres
B) 50 kilometres
C) 29 kilometres
D) 10 kilometres
  • 36. What phenomenon occurred alongside the major earthquakes?
A) A flood
B) A volcanic lightning storm
C) A hurricane
D) A mild tsunami
  • 37. Who devised the method of using plaster to cast the shapes of bodies?
A) Giuseppe Fiorelli
B) A Roman soldier
C) Pliny the Younger
D) An unnamed archaeologist
  • 38. What did people interpret the lights on the mountain as during the night?
A) Fires
B) Reflections of the sun
C) Signals from ships
D) Lightning
  • 39. What protected the shapes of the bodies so they could be cast later?
A) Stone sarcophagi
B) Layers of lava
C) The cold temperature
D) Cavities in the ash
  • 40. According to Pliny, what did the darkness of the night do to the flames?
A) Extinguished them
B) Rendered them brighter
C) Hid them from view
D) Changed their color
  • 41. In what year did Mount Vesuvius erupt?
A) 64 AD
B) 70 AD
C) 62 AD
D) 79 AD
  • 42. Where is Mount Vesuvius located?
A) Rome, Italy
B) Pompeii, Greece
C) Sicily, Italy
D) Campania, Italy
  • 43. What type of volcanic eruption is named after this event?
A) Hawaiian
B) Peléan
C) Vesuvian
D) Strombolian
  • 44. Who recorded an earthquake in 64 AD in a biography of Nero?
A) Tacitus
B) Suetonius
C) Pompeii
D) Pliny the Younger
  • 45. What type of volcano is Vesuvius?
A) Stratovolcano
B) Lava dome
C) Shield volcano
D) Cinder cone
  • 46. What happens when a pyroclastic cloud loses its capability to support solid contents?
A) The cloud dissipates into air
B) The cloud cools down instantly
C) The cloud collapses
D) The cloud travels faster
  • 47. What is the term for the phenomenon where material loses its residual magnetism at the Curie temperature?
A) Magnetic alignment
B) Ferromagnetic decay
C) Vector summation
D) Unblocking
  • 48. What was the temperature of the roof tiles during the first day of the eruption?
A) 60–80 °C
B) 300–360 °C
C) 120–140 °C
D) 180–220 °C
  • 49. What was the minimum emplacement temperature range of the first surge that struck Pompeii?
A) 220–260 °C
B) 180–220 °C
C) 100–120 °C
D) 300–360 °C
  • 50. What temperature were the lowest points in rooms under collapsed roofs?
A) 100 °C
B) 140 °C
C) 180 °C
D) 220 °C
  • 51. Who sent a messenger to Pliny the Elder requesting rescue?
A) Tacitus
B) Rectina
C) Drusilla
D) Pomponianus
  • 52. What phrase did Pliny the Elder use when advised to turn back?
A) Fortune favors the brave
B) Nature is a cruel master
C) Victory belongs to the swift
D) Rome will rise again
  • 53. What did the party tie to their heads for protection during the eruption?
A) Pillows
B) Wooden planks
C) Thick cloaks
D) Leather shields
  • 54. Which of the following people is explicitly named as a casualty of the eruption?
A) Pliny the Younger
B) Caesius Bassus
C) Tacitus
D) Antonius Felix
  • 55. What percentage of the 1,044 bodies found in Pompeii were in ash fall deposits?
A) 38%
B) 62%
C) 4%
D) 85%
  • 56. What caused the contorted postures of the bodies found at Pompeii?
A) Structural collapse
B) Cadaveric spasm
C) Long agony
D) Attempting to flee
  • 57. What are the vaults found in Herculaneum believed to be?
A) Public baths
B) Granaries
C) Boathouses
D) Military barracks
  • 58. How many bodies were found in the arched vaults of Herculaneum discovered in 1980?
A) 332
B) 1,044
C) 100
D) 300
Created with That Quiz — where test making and test taking are made easy for math and other subject areas.