Palaiologos - Quiz
Palaiologos
  • 1. By what century had the Byzantine emperors lost any real power?
A) 16th century
B) 15th century
C) 14th century
D) 13th century
  • 2. Who became the real regulators of political matters within the Byzantine Empire?
A) Ottoman sultans
B) The Papacy
C) Western European crusaders
D) Despots of the Morea
  • 3. Which Byzantine emperor ceased to pay tribute to the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I in 1394?
A) Manuel II
B) John VIII
C) Mehmed I
D) Constantine XI
  • 4. What event in 1396 failed to stop Bayezid's siege of Constantinople?
A) Crusade of Nicopolis
B) Siege of the Morea
C) Fall of Thessaloniki
D) Council of Florence
  • 5. Which Western European regions did Manuel II visit to ask for aid against the Ottomans?
A) Spain, Germany and Poland
B) Hungary, Austria and Venice
C) Scandinavia, Scotland and Ireland
D) Italy, France and England
  • 6. With whom did Manuel II sign a peace treaty in 1403 to resolve Bayezid's siege?
A) Murad II
B) Mehmed II
C) Mehmed I
D) Bayezid I
  • 7. Which city, captured by the Ottomans in 1387, was returned to Byzantine rule by the 1403 treaty?
A) Corfu
B) Constantinople
C) Morea
D) Thessaloniki
  • 8. In what year did Mehmed I die, leading to the end of peace with the Palaiologans?
A) 1453
B) 1421
C) 1394
D) 1403
  • 9. Why did Manuel II retire from state affairs in 1421?
A) Due to a severe physical injury
B) To pursue scholarly and religious interests
C) To live in exile in Rome
D) To fight in the Crusades
  • 10. Which Ottoman pretender did John VIII support in a rebellion against Murad II?
A) Orhan Çelebi
B) Bayezid I
C) Turahan Bey
D) Mustafa Çelebi
  • 11. Who succeeded Mehmed I and besieged Constantinople in 1422?
A) Mehmed II
B) Suleiman the Magnificent
C) Bayezid I
D) Murad II
  • 12. Who governed a stretch of land in Thrace as Despot during John VIII's reign?
A) Thomas
B) Demetrios
C) Manuel
D) Constantine
  • 13. Who ruled as Despots of the Morea through most of John VIII's reign?
A) Demetrios and Manuel
B) Constantine and Thomas
C) John and Demetrios
D) Andreas and Manuel
  • 14. Who decided that Constantine should be the next emperor after John VIII's death in 1448?
A) Helena Dragaš
B) Cardinal Bessarion
C) Catherine Zaccaria
D) Pope Pius II
  • 15. Who became the Ottoman sultan in 1451 and was obsessed with conquering Constantinople?
A) Mehmed I
B) Mehmed II
C) Bayezid I
D) Murad II
  • 16. Whom did Constantine XI threaten to release in an effort to extort money from Mehmed II?
A) Turahan Bey
B) Mustafa Çelebi
C) Orhan Çelebi
D) Lazar Branković
  • 17. Which Ottoman general was sent to devastate the Morea to prevent aid from reaching Constantinople in 1451?
A) Mehmed II
B) Turahan Bey
C) Bayezid I
D) Murad II
  • 18. On what date did Constantinople finally fall to the Ottomans?
A) 29 May 1453
B) 12 May 1465
C) June 1448
D) January 1459
  • 19. How long did the final Ottoman siege of Constantinople last before it fell?
A) 10 years
B) 3 years
C) More than a decade
D) 53 days
  • 20. How did Constantine XI die?
A) In exile in Rome
B) Fighting in defense of Constantinople
C) Of old age in the Morea
D) Executed by Mehmed II
  • 21. How did Mehmed II initially treat Constantine XI's brothers in the Morea after the fall of Constantinople?
A) Imprisoned them in Constantinople
B) Banished them to England
C) Allowed them to keep their titles and lands as Ottoman vassals
D) Executed them immediately
  • 22. Which brother in the Morea retained hope that the Papacy might call for a crusade to restore the empire?
A) Thomas
B) Andreas
C) Manuel
D) Demetrios
  • 23. With whose aid did Thomas seize a series of fortresses held by Demetrios in January 1459?
A) Russian princes
B) Venetian authorities on Corfu
C) Albanian lords in the Morea
D) The Papal Guard
  • 24. In what year did Mehmed II invade the Morea, ending Palaiologan rule in Greece?
A) 1460
B) 1465
C) 1472
D) 1453
  • 25. How did Demetrios respond to Mehmed's invasion of the Morea in 1460?
A) Fought a 53-day siege
B) Joined the Papal Guard
C) Surrendered to the Ottomans without a fight
D) Fled into exile in Rome
  • 26. In what year did Demetrios die in the Ottoman Empire?
A) 1502
B) 1465
C) 1470
D) 1469
  • 27. Why did Demetrios's daughter Helena supposedly never marry the sultan or enter his harem?
A) She married Lazar Branković instead
B) The sultan feared she would poison him
C) She converted to Islam
D) She fled to Moscow
  • 28. In what year did Demetrios's daughter Helena die?
A) 1465
B) 1470
C) 1502
D) 1469
  • 29. Who was Thomas Palaiologos's wife?
A) Zoe Palaiologina
B) Maria Palaiologina
C) Catherine Zaccaria
D) Helena Dragaš
  • 30. To which Venetian-held island did Thomas escape with his family and refugees?
A) Morea
B) Rhodes
C) Thessaloniki
D) Corfu
  • 31. Which Pope did Thomas hope to convince to call for a crusade against the Ottomans from Rome?
A) Pope Pius II
B) Pope Julius II
C) Pope Leo X
D) Cardinal Bessarion
  • 32. When did Thomas die?
A) 1502
B) 12 May 1465
C) 1476
D) 29 May 1453
  • 33. Who took care of Thomas's children after they arrived in Rome?
A) Mehmed II
B) Cardinal Bessarion
C) Pope Pius II
D) Ivan III
  • 34. To whom was Zoe (later Sophia) married in 1472?
A) Lazar Branković
B) Suleiman the Magnificent
C) Bayezid II
D) Grand Prince Ivan III of Moscow
  • 35. Who was recognized by the Papacy as Thomas's heir and rightful Despot of the Morea as the oldest son?
A) Manuel
B) Demetrios
C) Andreas
D) John
  • 36. What title did Andreas claim from the 1480s onwards?
A) Imperator Constantinopolitanus
B) Despot of the Morea
C) Grand Prince of Moscow
D) Sultan of the Ottomans
  • 37. Which Byzantine historian recognized Andreas as the rightful heir of the old emperors?
A) George Sphrantzes
B) Manuel II
C) Turahan Bey
D) Orhan Çelebi
  • 38. Why did Andreas face severe financial problems in Rome?
A) Mehmed II confiscated his lands in Constantinople
B) His father's pension was split and constantly cut back by the Papacy
C) He lost his fortune in the civil war in the Morea
D) He spent all his money on crusades
  • 39. What did Andreas attempt to sell to earn money?
A) His claims to various Byzantine titles
B) His fortresses in the Morea
C) His sister Zoe's inheritance
D) His collection of ancient manuscripts
  • 40. Why did Manuel not sell any claims to Byzantine titles like his brother Andreas?
A) He converted to Islam earlier in life
B) He died before Andreas
C) He was the second son and did not have any claims to sell
D) He was already a wealthy Ottoman vassal
  • 41. Where did Manuel travel in 1476 after not receiving satisfactory offers from European nobles?
A) Moscow
B) Corfu
C) Serbia
D) Constantinople
  • 42. Before whom did Manuel present himself when he arrived in Constantinople in 1476?
A) Pope Pius II
B) Ivan III
C) Constantine XI
D) Sultan Mehmed II
  • 43. In what year did Andreas die poor in Rome?
A) 1512
B) 1502
C) 1470
D) 1465
  • 44. Who was employed in the Papal Guard and died in 1508, possibly being a son of Andreas?
A) John Palaiologos
B) Fernando Palaiologos
C) Constantine Palaiologos
D) Andreas Palaiologos
  • 45. Who referred to a Fernando Palaiologos as the 'son of the Despot of the Morea' in 1499?
A) George Sphrantzes
B) Grand Prince Ivan III
C) Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan
D) Cardinal Bessarion
  • 46. During whose reign did Manuel die in Constantinople?
A) Mehmed II
B) Murad II
C) Bayezid II
D) Suleiman the Magnificent
  • 47. What were the names of Manuel's two sons?
A) Zoe and Helena
B) Constantine and Fernando
C) John and Andreas
D) Thomas and Demetrios
  • 48. What happened to Manuel's son Andreas?
A) Fled to Moscow to join Grand Prince Ivan III
B) Converted to Islam and might have served as an Ottoman court official
C) Became a commander in the Papal Guard
D) Became the Emperor of Constantinople in Rome
  • 49. During whose reign is Manuel's son Andreas last attested?
A) Suleiman the Magnificent
B) Bayezid II
C) Mehmed II
D) Mehmed I
  • 50. When did the documented male line of the imperial branch of the House of Palaiologos probably go extinct?
A) Late 14th century
B) Mid 15th century
C) Late 17th century
D) Early 16th century
  • 51. Which of Thomas's children had already been married to Lazar Branković, the Despot of Serbia?
A) Helena
B) Zoe
C) Andreas
D) Manuel
  • 52. Who was the father of Andreas, Manuel, Zoe, and Helena?
A) Constantine XI
B) Thomas Palaiologos
C) John VIII
D) Manuel II
  • 53. Who was the brother of John VIII who got on well with him during Manuel II's reign?
A) Bayezid
B) Thomas
C) Constantine
D) Demetrios
  • 54. Which Byzantine emperor's reign proved to be brief and ended with his death in battle?
A) Constantine XI Palaiologos
B) Manuel II Palaiologos
C) John VIII Palaiologos
D) Mehmed I
  • 55. Who was the Ottoman sultan when Manuel II ceased to pay tribute in 1394?
A) Mehmed II
B) Murad II
C) Mehmed I
D) Bayezid I
  • 56. What did the Morea become under the rule of Constantine's brothers after the fall of Constantinople?
A) A province ruled by the Papacy
B) A Venetian trade colony
C) An independent Crusader kingdom
D) A Byzantine government-in-exile
  • 57. In what year was Michael Palaiologos born?
A) 1284
B) 1253
C) 1223
D) 1261
  • 58. What position did Michael's father hold in the Empire of Nicaea?
A) megas doux
B) despotes
C) megas domestikos
D) megas konostaulos
  • 59. In which region were Melnik and Serres located?
A) Thrace
B) Morea
C) Anatolia
D) Macedonia
  • 60. Which dynasty frequently mistrusted Michael in his youth?
A) Komnenos dynasty
B) Palaiologos dynasty
C) Laskaris dynasty
D) Kantakouzenos dynasty
  • 61. How did Michael prove his innocence during the 1253 trial?
A) Swearing an oath in Hagia Sophia
B) Offering gold to the emperor
C) Holding a red-hot iron
D) Fighting a duel
  • 62. Who was Michael's wife, related to John III?
A) Helena
B) Theodora Vatatzaina
C) Irene
D) Anna of Savoy
  • 63. What military title was Michael appointed to regarding Latin mercenaries?
A) megas doux
B) despotes
C) megas domestikos
D) megas konostaulos
  • 64. On what date was Michael proclaimed as co-emperor at Nymphaion?
A) 25 December 1261
B) 1 January 1259
C) 25 July 1256
D) 25 July 1261
  • 65. Who recaptured Constantinople from the Latin Empire on 25 July 1261?
A) Andronikos III
B) Michael Palaiologos
C) Alexios Strategopoulos
D) John Kantakouzenos
  • 66. For how many years had Constantinople been in foreign hands before its 1261 recapture?
A) Almost ten years
B) Almost a hundred years
C) Almost twenty years
D) Almost sixty years
  • 67. In which church was Michael crowned emperor after the recapture of Constantinople?
A) Panagia Pammakaristos
B) Church of the Chora
C) Church of the Holy Apostles
D) Hagia Sophia
  • 68. On whose eleventh birthday was John IV deposed, blinded, and confined to a monastery?
A) 25 July 1261
B) 15 August 1284
C) 1 January 1259
D) 25 December 1261
  • 69. Which Patriarch excommunicated Michael for blinding John IV?
A) John XIV
B) Arsenios Autoreianos
C) George Mouzalon
D) Joseph I
  • 70. How many years into Michael's reign was his excommunication lifted?
A) Nine years
B) Four years
C) Twelve years
D) Nineteen years
  • 71. How old was John IV when Andronikos II visited him in 1284?
A) 40 years old
B) 33 years old
C) 25 years old
D) 11 years old
  • 72. In what year did Emperor Andronikos II attempt to disinherit his grandson Andronikos III?
A) 1352
B) 1320
C) 1328
D) 1341
  • 73. Until what year did the civil war between Andronikos II and Andronikos III last?
A) 1347
B) 1341
C) 1328
D) 1320
  • 74. Until what year did the civil war won by John Kantakouzenos last?
A) 1357
B) 1328
C) 1347
D) 1352
  • 75. What empire was created by Stefan Dušan following his invasions in 1346–1348?
A) Latin Empire
B) Serbian Empire
C) Ottoman Empire
D) Bulgarian Empire
  • 76. Who was proclaimed as co-emperor by John VI Kantakouzenos?
A) Andronikos IV Palaiologos
B) Theodore Palaiologos
C) John VII Palaiologos
D) Matthew Kantakouzenos
  • 77. In what year were the Kantakouzenoi driven out of the Morea?
A) 1357
B) 1382
C) 1355
D) 1391
  • 78. In what year did Stefan Dušan of Serbia die, leading to the collapse of his empire?
A) 1371
B) 1347
C) 1382
D) 1355
  • 79. In what year did John V's son Andronikos IV rebel against his father, starting the fourth civil war series?
A) 1390
B) 1373
C) 1352
D) 1376
  • 80. With whose aid did Andronikos IV escape prison and take the throne in 1376?
A) Serbia
B) Bulgaria
C) Genoa
D) Venice
  • 81. In what year did John V retake the throne after Andronikos IV's brief rule?
A) 1376
B) 1381
C) 1385
D) 1379
  • 82. In what year did John V reach an agreement for Andronikos IV to succeed him, passing over Manuel?
A) 1379
B) 1381
C) 1385
D) 1373
  • 83. In what year did Andronikos IV die?
A) 1390
B) 1379
C) 1381
D) 1385
  • 84. In what year did John V Palaiologos die?
A) 1341
B) 1385
C) 1391
D) 1390
  • 85. What is the female version of the family name Palaiologos?
A) Palaiologinaia
B) Palaiologina
C) Palaiologissa
D) Palaeologus
  • 86. Where is it more likely that the Palaiologoi actually originated?
A) Ancient Roman Italy
B) The Latin Empire
C) Anatolia
D) Montferrat
  • 87. What part of society were the Palaiologoi mostly a part of during the 12th century?
A) Military aristocracy
B) Religious clergy
C) Foreign merchants
D) Peasantry
  • 88. When did Constantinople fall to the Fourth Crusade?
A) 1204
B) 1261
C) 1453
D) 1259
  • 89. External enemies contributing to the decline of the Byzantine Empire during the Palaiologan period included the Ottoman Turks, Serbs, and whom?
A) Laskaris
B) Romans
C) Bulgarians
D) Crusaders
  • 90. What internal factor contributed to the political and economic decline of the Palaiologan period?
A) Refusal of the church to pay taxes
B) Rebellion by the military aristocracy
C) Mass emigration to Italy
D) Frequent civil wars between family members
  • 91. By the beginning of the 15th century, the Byzantine Empire had effectively become what to the Ottoman Empire?
A) A dominant power
B) An independent republic
C) A client state
D) An equal ally
  • 92. What type of descendants of the imperial line survive to the present day?
A) Direct imperial male-line descendants
B) No descendants survive at all
C) Descendants from the cadet branch in Montferrat
D) Female-line descendants
  • 93. What was the name of the cadet branch of the Palaiologoi in Italy?
A) Palaeologus-Montferrat
B) Palaeologus-Nicaea
C) Palaiologos-Anatolia
D) Palaiologos-Constantinople
  • 94. Until what year did the cadet branch in Italy rule the March of Montferrat?
A) 1536
B) 1453
C) 1600
D) 1566
  • 95. In what year did the cadet branch of Montferrat completely die out?
A) 1453
B) 1261
C) 1566
D) 1536
  • 96. Where today do thousands of people still have the last name Palaiologos or variants thereof?
A) Italy
B) Greece
C) Anatolia
D) Montferrat
  • 97. Which Latin phrase was Viterbo supposedly derived from according to family legends?
A) Patricius romanus
B) Magnus domestikos
C) Vetus verbum
D) Imperium romanum
  • 98. In what year was Constantinople founded and designated as the Roman Empire's new capital, according to the text?
A) 1185
B) 1204
C) 330
D) 1081
  • 99. Which specific theme is suggested as the likely region of origin for the Palaiologoi?
A) Anatolic Theme
B) Theme of Mesopotamia
C) Theme of Dyrrhachium
D) Theme of Constantinople
  • 100. What did Soviet-American Byzantinist Alexander Kazhdan believe was the etymology of the name Palaiologos?
A) Antique collector
B) Old word
C) Ragman
D) Commander-in-chief
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