Acid–base reaction - Quiz
Acid base reaction
  • 1. Who proposed the Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) principle in 1963?
A) Russell S. Drago
B) Gilbert Lewis
C) Ralph Pearson
D) Robert Parr
  • 2. Who helped make the HSAB theory quantitative in 1984?
A) Russell S. Drago
B) Linus Pauling
C) Ralph Pearson
D) Robert Parr
  • 3. Which term describes species that are small and weakly polarizable?
A) Intermediate
B) Covalent
C) Hard
D) Soft
  • 4. Which term describes species that are large and strongly polarizable?
A) Hard
B) Electrostatic
C) High charge
D) Soft
  • 5. According to HSAB theory, what are the most stable interactions?
A) Neutral-neutral
B) Hard-covalent and soft-electrostatic
C) Hard-soft and soft-hard
D) Hard-hard and soft-soft
  • 6. Who created the ECW model for Lewis acid-base interactions?
A) Ralph Pearson
B) Robert Parr
C) Russell S. Drago
D) Svante Arrhenius
  • 7. What does the symbol -ΔH represent in the ECW model?
A) Strength of Lewis acid-base interactions
B) The W term constant
C) Polarizability of the species
D) Hardness of the acid
  • 8. In the ECW model, what do the parameters E and C represent?
A) Electrostatic and covalent contributions
B) Equilibrium and constant
C) Enthalpy and concentration
D) Energy and charge
  • 9. What does the W term in the ECW equation represent?
A) The sum of electrostatic forces
B) Constant energy contribution
C) The polarizability constant
D) The covalent bond strength
  • 10. What does the ECW model predict regarding acid and base strengths?
A) Reversal of acid and base strengths
B) That strengths are always constant
C) A single linear order of strengths
D) That strengths are independent of the partner
  • 11. How are Lewis acids characterized in the ECW model?
A) E and W
B) EA and CA
C) C and W
D) EB and CB
  • 12. How are Lewis bases characterized in the ECW model?
A) EA and CA
B) A and B
C) E and W
D) EB and CB
  • 13. According to the ECW model, is there a single order of Lewis base strengths?
A) Only for hard acids
B) Yes
C) Only for soft bases
D) No
  • 14. What is a characteristic of 'Hard' species regarding their charge state?
A) Variable charge
B) Neutral charge
C) High charge state
D) Low charge state
  • 15. What is a characteristic of 'Soft' species regarding their charge state?
A) Negative charge only
B) Positive charge only
C) High charge state
D) Low charge state
  • 16. Which scientist generalized the Arrhenius definition to cover aprotic solvents in 1925?
A) Dinitrogen tetroxide
B) Arrhenius
C) Albert F.O. Germann
D) Edward Curtis Franklin
  • 17. What is the generic name for positive ions in solvent system theory?
A) Solvate ions
B) Aprotic ions
C) Solvonium ions
D) Lyate ions
  • 18. When solvent molecules are protonated, what are the resulting ions called?
A) Lyate ions
B) Solvate ions
C) Thionyl ions
D) Lyonium ions
  • 19. What is the correct term for deprotonated solvent molecules acting as negative ions?
A) Nitrosonium ions
B) Lyonium ions
C) Lyate ions
D) Solvonium ions
  • 20. In liquid ammonia, what substance acts as a strong base?
A) NH4NO3
B) NH4I
C) Zn(NH2)2
D) KNH2
  • 21. In liquid sulfur dioxide (SO2), which species behaves as an acid?
A) Nitrate
B) Thionyl compounds
C) Chloride
D) Sulfites
  • 22. According to the text, what is a major limitation of the Arrhenius definition?
A) Its reliance on temperature
B) Its inability to define salts
C) Its reliance on water solutions
D) Its exclusion of bases
  • 23. Which compound dissociates into chlorocarboxonium and chloride?
A) Phosgene
B) Antimony trichloride
C) Sulfuric acid
D) Dinitrogen tetroxide
  • 24. In the reaction of AgNO3 with NOCl in liquid N2O4, what is the solvent produced?
A) NOCl
B) NO3
C) N2O4
D) AgCl
  • 25. In what year was the Lewis definition first devised?
A) 1910
B) 1950
C) 1938
D) 1923
  • 26. In what year was the Lewis definition elaborated by its creator?
A) 1925
B) 1940
C) 1938
D) 1923
  • 27. According to the Lewis definition, what does a base do?
A) Receives an electron pair
B) Receives a proton
C) Donates a proton
D) Donates an electron pair
  • 28. According to the Lewis definition, what does an acid do?
A) Donates an electron pair
B) Donates a proton
C) Receives a proton
D) Receives an electron pair
  • 29. Which substance is cited as a typical Lewis acid in the text?
A) Water
B) Ammonia
C) Fluoride ion
D) Boron trifluoride
  • 30. What is the formula of boron trifluoride?
A) BF4
B) BF3
C) BF2
D) B3F
  • 31. Group 13 elements with what formula generally behave as Lewis acids?
A) AX3
B) AX
C) AX2
D) AX4
  • 32. Group 15 elements with what formula can behave as Lewis bases?
A) DX2
B) AX3
C) DY2
D) DY3
  • 33. Which of these is mentioned as an example of a group 15 Lewis base?
A) Ethers
B) Thioethers
C) Amines
D) Boron trifluoride
  • 34. Which group 16 compound formula acts as a Lewis base?
A) AX3
B) DX3
C) DX2
D) DY3
  • 35. Which of these is an example of a group 16 Lewis base?
A) Phosphine
B) Amine
C) Ether
D) Boron trifluoride
  • 36. What is the adduct formed between boron trifluoride and carbon monoxide?
A) BF4-CO
B) BF3-CO
C) F3B←CO
D) BCO-F3
  • 37. Who introduced the word 'base' into chemistry in 1754?
A) Guillaume-François Rouelle
B) Justus von Liebig
C) Svante Arrhenius
D) Antoine Lavoisier
  • 38. Which theory of acids and bases is considered the most restrictive?
A) Arrhenius theory
B) Lewis theory
C) Brønsted–Lowry theory
D) Lavoisier's oxygen theory
  • 39. In the Arrhenius definition, what ion does an acid increase in concentration?
A) Na+
B) H+ or H3O+
C) Cl-
D) OH-
  • 40. According to Lavoisier, what element did all acids contain?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Hydrogen
D) Sulfur
  • 41. Which theory defines an acid as a hydrogen-containing compound whose hydrogen can be replaced by a metal?
A) Arrhenius theory
B) Brønsted–Lowry theory
C) Liebig's hydrogen theory
D) Lewis theory
  • 42. What is the Brønsted–Lowry definition of a base?
A) An oxide of a metal
B) A proton acceptor
C) A hydrogen ion producer in water
D) A hydroxide ion donor
  • 43. What term describes a substance that can act as both an acid and a base?
A) Amphoteric
B) Basic
C) Acidic
D) Neutral
  • 44. What is the conjugate base of hydrochloric acid (HCl) according to the Brønsted–Lowry theory?
A) OH-
B) H2O
C) H3O+
D) Cl-
  • 45. Which substance is used as a component in baking powder to react with sodium bicarbonate?
A) Sodium chloride
B) Monocalcium phosphate
C) Toluene
D) Ammonia
  • 46. Who proved that acids do not necessarily contain oxygen by studying H2S and hydrohalic acids?
A) Sir Humphry Davy
B) Svante Arrhenius
C) Jöns Jacob Berzelius
D) Antoine Lavoisier
  • 47. In the Brønsted–Lowry reaction between HCl and H2O, what is the conjugate acid of the base?
A) Cl-
B) HCl
C) H3O+
D) H2O
  • 48. What gas is produced in the reaction of baking powder with water?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Hydrogen
  • 49. Which chemist proposed the original oxygen theory of acids and bases in 1939?
A) Mikhail Usanovich
B) Gilbert Lewis
C) Håkon Flood
D) Hermann Lux
  • 50. In the reaction MgO + CO2 ⟶ MgCO3, which component is the base?
A) Oxygen
B) MgO
C) MgCO3
D) CO2
  • 51. In the reaction CaO + SiO2 ⟶ CaSiO3, which component is the acid?
A) SiO2
B) CaO
C) Calcium
D) CaSiO3
  • 52. Whose theory published in 1938 was more general than the Lewis theory?
A) Mikhail Usanovich
B) Hermann Lux
C) Robert Boyle
D) Håkon Flood
  • 53. What does the Usanovich theory define as a special case of acid–base reactions?
A) Condensation reactions
B) Redox reactions
C) Isomerization
D) Hydrolysis reactions
  • 54. In the Usanovich reaction Na2O + SO3 ⟶ 2Na+ + SO42-, what acts as the base?
A) SO3
B) Na2O
C) Na+
D) SO42-
  • 55. What happens when a strong acid reacts with a strong base?
A) It is essentially a quantitative reaction
B) It creates an equilibrium mixture
C) It produces a buffer solution
D) It always forms a gas
  • 56. In the reaction AH + HPO42- <=> A- + H2PO4-, what does AH represent?
A) An arbitrary base
B) A generic acid
C) Adenine
D) An ammonium ion
  • 57. In the reaction NaOH -> Na+ + OH-, what is the state of the ions?
A) Liquid
B) Aqueous
C) Gaseous
D) Solid
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