Semiconductor - Quiz
Semiconductor
  • 1. What happens to electrons in the conduction band due to natural thermal recombination?
A) They permanently bond to the lattice.
B) They become stationary.
C) They do not stay indefinitely.
D) They convert into photons.
  • 2. How is the concentration of electrons in the conduction band typically described?
A) Saturated.
B) Extremely dense.
C) Very dilute.
D) Highly metallic.
  • 3. To what physical system are electrons in the conduction band compared in the text?
A) Rigid solid crystal.
B) Classical ideal gas.
C) Quantum liquid.
D) Bose-Einstein condensate.
  • 4. In the conduction band model described, what principle are electrons considered to be not subject to?
A) Coulomb's law.
B) Pauli exclusion principle.
C) Conservation of energy.
D) Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
  • 5. What is the shape of the dispersion relation for conduction bands in most semiconductors?
A) Exponential.
B) Logarithmic.
C) Linear.
D) Parabolic.
  • 6. How do electrons in the conduction band respond to forces?
A) They are unaffected by external forces.
B) They become instantly stationary.
C) Much as they would in a vacuum.
D) They move in reverse directions.
  • 7. What concept is used to account for the difference between a real electron and one in a semiconductor band?
A) Atomic mass.
B) Effective mass.
C) Rest mass.
D) Relativistic mass.
  • 8. Which model is mentioned as a simplistic way to describe conduction in semiconductors?
A) Standard model.
B) Ising model.
C) Drude model.
D) Bohr model.
  • 9. What describes a completely full valence band?
A) It is inert.
B) It is unstable.
C) It is highly conductive.
D) It acts like a metal.
  • 10. What is created when an electron is removed from the valence band?
A) A neutron.
B) A hole.
C) A positron.
D) A photon.
  • 11. How is the charge of a hole characterized?
A) Variable.
B) Negative.
C) Neutral.
D) Positive.
  • 12. What is the effective mass of electrons at the top of the valence band?
A) Negative.
B) Zero.
C) Positive.
D) Infinite.
  • 13. According to the text, how can the collection of holes be understood?
A) In simple classical terms.
B) As stationary defects.
C) As a metallic fluid.
D) Only through complex quantum field theory.
  • 14. Which electronic component is constructed using semiconductors that emit light?
A) Light-emitting diodes
B) Vacuum tubes
C) Capacitors
D) Resistors
  • 15. High thermal conductivity in semiconductors is useful for which purpose?
A) Lowering magnetic interference
B) Reducing light intensity
C) Increasing electrical resistance
D) Heat dissipation
  • 16. What is a common application for semiconductors with high thermal conductivity?
A) Hydraulic systems
B) Wind turbines
C) Electric vehicles
D) Pneumatic pumps
  • 17. What do semiconductors with high thermoelectric figures of merit help create?
A) Thermoelectric coolers
B) Solar heaters
C) Voltage stabilizers
D) Battery chargers
  • 18. Which elements are the most commercially important group 14 semiconductors?
A) Germanium and tin
B) Silicon and germanium
C) Carbon and tin
D) Lead and silicon
  • 19. How many valence electrons do silicon and germanium have in their outermost shell?
A) 6
B) 4
C) 8
D) 2
  • 20. What is an example of a binary compound semiconductor?
A) Pure silicon
B) Gallium arsenide
C) Liquid arsenic
D) Organic framework
  • 21. What is a common characteristic of amorphous and liquid semiconductors?
A) Lack of temperature variation
B) Intermediate conductivity
C) Rigid crystalline structure
D) Absolute zero resistance
  • 22. In what form are disordered or amorphous semiconductors generally used?
A) Bulk ingots
B) Thin film structures
C) Crystalline wires
D) Liquid canisters
  • 23. What is the most important application of today's semiconductor technology?
A) Radio broadcasting
B) Electric motors
C) Thermal insulation
D) Integrated circuits
  • 24. What is paramount when creating an ideal semiconducting material?
A) Color transparency
B) Magnetic permeability
C) Chemical purity
D) Weight reduction
  • 25. What is a major cause of defective semiconductor devices?
A) Excessive vacuum
B) High humidity
C) Low ambient temperature
D) Crystalline faults
  • 26. What is the typical diameter range of crystal ingots used in mass production?
A) 10 to 50 mm
B) 5 to 20 mm
C) 500 to 1000 mm
D) 100 to 300 mm
  • 27. Which method is usually used to produce single-crystal ingots?
A) Thermal oxidation
B) Plasma spraying
C) Czochralski method
D) Photolithography
  • 28. What is the purpose of thermal oxidation in semiconductor preparation?
A) Doping the wafer
B) Etching the circuit
C) Removing impurities
D) Forming silicon dioxide
  • 29. What light source is used in photolithography to create patterns?
A) Gamma radiation
B) Infrared light
C) Visible red laser
D) Ultraviolet light
  • 30. What is the primary process used for etching silicon wafers today?
A) Laser ablation
B) Plasma etching
C) Mechanical sanding
D) Acid dipping
  • 31. What common etch gas is also known as Freon?
A) Nitrogen
B) Argon
C) Chlorofluorocarbon
D) Hydrogen
  • 32. During plasma etching, where is the silicon wafer located?
A) On the anode
B) In the gas inlet
C) On the chamber wall
D) On the cathode
  • 33. What is the final process of semiconductor preparation called?
A) Diffusion
B) Czochralski growth
C) Photolithography
D) Oxidation
  • 34. What is another common name for the diffusion process?
A) Etching
B) Refining
C) Bonding
D) Doping
  • 35. What does the doping process create in the semiconductor?
A) Silicon dioxide layer
B) Thin film
C) P–n junction
D) Magnetic field
  • 36. What temperature is used in the chamber for the diffusion process?
A) 2,000 degrees Celsius
B) 500 degrees Celsius
C) 1,100 degrees Celsius
D) Room temperature
  • 37. Which of these materials is an example of an organic semiconductor?
A) Germanium
B) Gallium arsenide
C) Organic compounds
D) Silicon carbide
  • 38. Why are semiconductors poor conductors in their natural state?
A) They are composed of plastic.
B) They have too many free electrons.
C) They lack any electrons.
D) Valence bands are filled, preventing electron flow.
  • 39. What does n-type refer to in semiconductors?
A) An excess of electrons
B) An excess of protons
C) A neutral charge
D) A shortage of electrons
  • 40. What does p-type refer to in semiconductors?
A) A high resistance state
B) A shortage of electrons
C) An excess of electrons
D) A shortage of holes
  • 41. What occurs when two differently doped semiconducting materials are joined?
A) Homojunctions
B) Ambipolar diffusion
C) Thermal equilibrium
D) Total annihilation
  • 42. What is present in an excess in n-doped germanium?
A) Holes
B) Ions
C) Protons
D) Electrons
  • 43. What is present in an excess in p-doped germanium?
A) Photons
B) Holes
C) Ions
D) Electrons
  • 44. What process occurs at a homojunction until equilibrium is reached?
A) Recombination
B) Thermal expansion
C) Generation
D) Excitation
  • 45. What is formed at the junction after recombination occurs?
A) A wide band of free electrons
B) A pure valence band
C) A narrow strip of immobile ions
D) A conductive liquid
  • 46. What causes an electric field to form across a homojunction?
A) The strip of immobile ions
B) The excess of photons
C) The lack of holes
D) The absence of thermal energy
  • 47. What can cause a disruption to thermal equilibrium in a semiconductor?
A) Temperature difference
B) Balanced currents
C) Fixed ions
D) Electrical conductivity
  • 48. What can enter a semiconductor system and create electrons and holes?
A) Photons
B) Valence bands
C) Neutrons
D) Immobile ions
  • 49. What is the process that creates electrons and holes?
A) Ambipolar diffusion
B) Doping
C) Generation
D) Recombination
  • 50. What material is often used in high-capacity cable insulation as a semiconductor?
A) Gallium arsenide
B) Silicon with phosphorus
C) XLPE with carbon black
D) Pure copper
  • 51. What are semiconductors doped with Group V elements called?
A) p-type
B) n-type
C) metallic
D) intrinsic
  • 52. What are semiconductors doped with Group III elements called?
A) conductive
B) insulating
C) p-type
D) n-type
  • 53. Which device was invented in 1947 based on semiconductor physics?
A) Laser diode
B) Cat's-whisker detector
C) Integrated circuit
D) Transistor
  • 54. When was the integrated circuit invented?
A) 1904
B) 1920
C) 1947
D) 1958
  • 55. What is a cat's-whisker detector?
A) A type of transistor
B) An integrated circuit
C) A high-voltage cable component
D) A primitive semiconductor diode
  • 56. Which tool can be used to quickly determine if a semiconductor is p- or n-type?
A) A hot-point probe
B) A laser beam
C) A magnet
D) An electron microscope
  • 57. To be partially filled, the energy of a quantum state must be near what level?
A) Fermi level
B) Ground state
C) Conduction band
D) Valence band
  • 58. Where do the Fermi levels of insulators typically sit?
A) Within band gaps
B) Within the conduction band
C) Within the valence band
D) Above the conduction band
  • 59. What is an alternative name for some wider-bandgap semiconductors?
A) Quantum insulators
B) Semi-insulators
C) Sub-metals
D) Hyper-conductors
  • 60. In what niche application are semi-insulators often used?
A) Mechanical structural supports
B) Battery electrolytes
C) High-heat soldering
D) Substrates for HEMT
  • 61. What is the primary product released during electron-hole recombination if the energy lost exceeds the band gap?
A) Thermal energy or radiation
B) Proton emissions
C) Electrical resistance
D) Magnetic fields
  • 62. What determines the steady-state number of electron-hole pairs at a given temperature?
A) The purity of the surrounding air
B) The mass of the dopant atoms
C) Quantum statistical mechanics
D) The size of the semiconductor sample
  • 63. What is the approximate temperature dependence of the steady-state pair product?
A) Inversely proportional to T
B) Linear proportion to T
C) Independent of T
D) exp(−EG/kT)
  • 64. What is a semiconductor called once it has been doped?
A) Intrinsic
B) Amorphous
C) Metallic
D) Extrinsic
  • 65. What kind of dopant is used to create p-type silicon?
A) Group III elements
B) Transition metals
C) Group V elements
D) Noble gases
  • 66. What do Group V elements act as when added to silicon?
A) Donors
B) Acceptors
C) Insulators
D) Traps
  • 67. Which material is mentioned as an example of a dopant that creates a p-type semiconductor when added to silicon?
A) Selenium
B) Boron
C) Phosphorus
D) Arsenic
  • 68. Which method is used to accurately position doped regions in a semiconductor?
A) Magnetic deflection
B) Ion implantation
C) Thermal melting
D) Manual adjustment
  • 69. Which of these materials can exist in a glassy amorphous state with semiconducting properties?
A) Gold
B) Copper
C) Silver
D) Selenium
  • 70. Who reported in 1833 that the resistance of silver sulfide decreases when heated?
A) Willoughby Smith
B) Thomas Johann Seebeck
C) Michael Faraday
D) Karl Ferdinand Braun
  • 71. What is the name of the effect where voltage is generated when light strikes a solid-liquid interface?
A) Rectification
B) Hall effect
C) Seebeck effect
D) Photovoltaic effect
  • 72. Who demonstrated the deflection of flowing charge carriers by a magnetic field?
A) Felix Bloch
B) Edwin Herbert Hall
C) Nevill Francis Mott
D) J.J. Thomson
  • 73. Who introduced the term Halbleiter (semiconductor) in his Ph.D. thesis?
A) Josef Weiss
B) Johan Koenigsberger
C) Boris Davydov
D) Walter H. Schottky
  • 74. Who established the band theory of conduction by 1931?
A) Felix Bloch
B) Bernhard Gudden
C) Alan Herries Wilson
D) John Bardeen
  • 75. Which device was built by Charles Fritts in 1883?
A) An infrared detector
B) A vacuum tube
C) A radio transmitter
D) A working solar cell
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