Review Exam

1. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat energy from one substance to another. As the air above the Earth’s surface comes into contact with the warm ground, the air is __?___.

A) cooled
B) warmed
C) dried
D) moistened

2. The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air is

A) displacement
B) convection
C) radiation
D) conduction

3. Name the layer of the atmosphere that is closest to Earth’s surface

A) thermosphere
B) mesosphere
C) troposphere
D) stratosphere

4. The stratosphere helps protect the Earth from too much ultraviolet radiation because this layer of the atmosphere contains

A) carbon dioxide
B) ions
C) ozone
D) water vapor

5. The layers of the atmosphere are classified according to changes in

A) pressure and temperature
B) density and temperature
C) pressure and altitude
D) temperature and altitude

6. As density of air decreases, its pressure

A) increases
B) decreases
C) doubles
D) stays the same

7. Direct heat transfer from the sun is what kind of heat transfer?

A) sublimation
B) conduction
C) radiation
D) convection

8. The main source of energy on this planet comes from

A) coal
B) wind
C) sun
D) fossil fuels

9. Convection is the transfer of heat energy in a fluid (liquid or gas). When the air near the Earth’s surface is heated, it becomes less dense. This causes the air to _

A) rise
B) freeze
C) not move
D) sink

10. Solar cells are used to turn sunlight into----

A) electrical energy
B) magnetism
C) inertia
D) force

11. Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal have what kind of energy

A) mechanical energy
B) nuclear energy
C) chemical energy
D) Thermal energy

12. which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

A) A baseball moving from the pitcher to the catcher
B) A pendulum at the top of its swing.
C) A new flashlight battery
D) A rock sitting on the top of a large hill

13. Which system shows a transformation from chemical to electrical and light energy?

A) A display of fireworks in the night sky.
B) An avalanche rolls down a steep mountain.
C) A car battery causes headlights to shine
D) A candle burns and lights up a room.

14. What is the term for Earth spinning on its axis?

A) inertia
B) revolution
C) gravity
D) rotation

15. What is the approximate percentage of the Earth that is illuminated by the Sun at any given time?

A) 90%
B) 60%
C) 20%
D) 50%

16. A new Moon occurs when...

A) The Moon’s shadow covers Earth
B) The side of the Moon facing Earth is not reflecting any light.
C) The side of the Moon facing Earth is completely reflecting light
D) A partial shadow of the Earth covers the Moon

17. Tides are caused by which two forces?

A) Gravity from Sun and gravity from Earth
B) Gravity from Sun and gravity from Mars
C) Gravity from Sun and gravity from Moon
D) Gravity from Moon and gravity from Earth

18. What causes the difference between spring and neap tides?

A) Spring tides occur when Sun and Moon pull on the Earth, while neap tides occur when Sun and Earth pull on the Moon.
B) Spring tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon line up, while neap tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon create 90 degree angles
C) Spring tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon are the same size, while neap tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon are different sizes.
D) Neap tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon line up, while spring tides occur when Sun, Earth, and Moon create 90 degree angles

19. One complete revolution of Earth around the sun takes about

A) one season
B) one rotation.
C) one eclipse.
D) one year

20. Which term refers to the dominant force that keeps the planets orbiting the sun.

A) kinetic energy
B) tides
C) normal
D) gravity

21. The tendency of a moving object to continue moving in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place is called …

A) orbital speed
B) inertia.
C) mass
D) gravity.

22. During which Moon phase can a lunar eclipse occur?

A) Crescent Moon
B) Gibbon Moon
C) Full Moon
D) New Moon

23. Which of the following terms means that metals can be rolled into thin sheets, as in aluminum foil, or beaten into complex shapes?

A) ductile
B) reactive
C) malleable
D) brittle

24. The atomic number of an element is based on the

A) number of protons in its nucleus.
B) number of neutrons in its nucleus.
C) mass of its nucleus.
D) number of neutrons around its core.

25. From an element’s location in the periodic table, you can predict

A) its properties.
B) its chemical name.
C) its chemical symbol
D) when it was discovered

26. Protons are located in the nucleus of the atom. A proton has

A) . No charge
B) A negative charge
C) A positive charge
D) . A positive and a negative charge

27. The periodic table shows that a carbon atom has six protons. This means that a carbon atom also has

A) six electrons
B) more protons than electrons
C) an atomic mass equal to 6
D) six neutrons

28. In an atom diagram, if the electrons filled each of the three energy levels the electrons would be sorted like this:

A) 2 in the first, 8 in the second, and 8 in the third
B) 1 in the first, 2 in the second, and 4 in the third
C) 2 in the first, 4 in the second, and 6 in the third
D) 4 in the first, 6 in the second, and 8 in the third

29. Another word for _________ is family.

A) Valence
B) Group
C) Period
D) Row

30. Which is a characteristic property of acids?

A) They taste bitter.
B) They turn red litmus paper blue
C) They do not react with metals.
D) They turn blue litmus paper red

31. Neutralization is a reaction between a(n)

A) salt and water.
B) acid and a metal
C) base and a salt.
D) acid and a base

32. In terms of pH, explain what would happen if you mixed vinegar with a solution of ammonia?

A) the pH level of the solution would be more than 12
B) the pH level of the solution would be less than 3
C) the substances would not mix, and you could still take two different pH readings
D) The pH level of the solution would be between 3 and 11

33. In chemical reactions, what does the principle of conservation of mass mean?

A) Matter is not changed.
B) Matter is not created or destroyed
C) The total mass of the reactants is greater than the total mass of the products.
D) The total mass of the reactants is less than the total mass of the products.

34. What type of reaction does the flame represent?

A) Exothermic- chemical change
B) Endothermic- chemical change
C) Exothermic- physical change
D) Endothermic- physical change

35. In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is

A) greater than the total mass of the products
B) exactly equal to the total mass of the products
C) unrelated to the total mass of the products
D) less than the total mass of the products.

36. An acid is a substance that

A) has a pH above 7 and tastes bitter
B) has pH lower than 7 and tastes sour
C) turns red litmus paper blue
D) has a pH above 7 and tastes sour

37. Monica made a snack for her friends by putting pretzels, peanuts, and raisins together in a bowl. Which statement describes Monica’s snack?

A) It is a new chemical compound because a physical change took place.
B) It is a new element because a chemical change took place.
C) It is a solution because the ingredients cannot be separated.
D) It is a mixture because each ingredient kept its original properties.

38. A teaspoon of dry coffee crystals dissolves when mixed in a cup of hot water. This process produces a coffee solution. The original crystals are classified as

A) Reactant
B) Product
C) A solute
D) Solvent

39. A patient has chronic indigestion due to an overproduction of stomach acid. Which foods should the patient avoid until the condition is resolved?

A) Ham
B) Apples
C) Cheddar cheese
D) Green Beans

40. The process by which water vapor in the atmosphere changes into clouds is called:

A) transpiration
B) condensation
C) precipitation
D) evaporation

41. Any form of water that falls from clouds is called:

A) precipitation.
B) dew.
C) evaporation.
D) condensation.

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