Catherine the Great - Quiz
Catherine the Great
  • 1. Which emperor of China was committed to an expansionist policy in Central Asia during Catherine's reign?
A) The Jiaqing Emperor
B) The Kangxi Emperor
C) The Qianlong Emperor
D) The Yongzheng Emperor
  • 2. What treaty did the Qianlong Emperor unilaterally abrogate in 1762?
A) The Treaty of Beijing
B) The Treaty of Nerchinsk
C) The Treaty of Aigun
D) The Treaty of Kyakhta
  • 3. What did the Treaty of Kyakhta govern between the two empires?
A) Fishing quotas
B) Border demarcation
C) The caravan trade
D) Navigational rights
  • 4. Which group of fugitives from the Qing Empire took refuge with the Russians, causing tension?
A) Tibetan monks
B) Dzungar Mongols
C) Han rebels
D) Manchu nobles
  • 5. What event committed by the Qing Empire led Dzungars to seek sanctuary in Russia?
A) The Taiping Rebellion
B) The Dungan revolt
C) The Dzungar genocide
D) The Boxer Rebellion
  • 6. How did Catherine perceive the Qianlong Emperor?
A) As a wise and benevolent ruler
B) As an unpleasant and arrogant neighbour
C) As a reliable trading partner
D) As a weak and easily manipulated leader
  • 7. Which of the following was NOT one of Catherine's stated goals regarding her foreign ambitions?
A) Establishing trade with India
B) Annexing Beijing
C) Suppressing the pride of China
D) Ejecting the Turks from Europe
  • 8. In what language did Catherine write a 1790 letter to Baron de Grimm mentioning her Chinese neighbour?
A) German
B) Russian
C) English
D) French
  • 9. What nickname did Catherine use for the Qianlong Emperor in her 1790 letter?
A) The arrogant ruler of the East
B) The destroyer of the Dzungars
C) My Chinese neighbour with small eyes
D) The expansionist of Central Asia
  • 10. Where did Russians become active in fur trapping in the Far East?
A) Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands
B) Alaska and the Aleutian Islands
C) Mongolia and Manchuria
D) Siberia and Sakhalin
  • 11. Why did Russian interest in opening trade with Japan develop?
A) To spread Christianity
B) To acquire advanced weaponry
C) To obtain supplies and food
D) To establish a military base
  • 12. Who was the Japanese sea captain driven ashore in the Aleutian Islands in 1783?
A) Mamiya Rinzō
B) Honda Toshiaki
C) Daikokuya Kōdayū
D) Tadataka Ino
  • 13. Whose territory were the Aleutian Islands when the Japanese sea captain washed ashore?
A) Japanese territory
B) British territory
C) Russian territory
D) Chinese territory
  • 14. When did Catherine grant Daikokuya Kōdayū an audience at Tsarskoye Selo?
A) 28 June 1791
B) 1 July 1762
C) 15 August 1783
D) 10 September 1792
  • 15. Who led the Russian trade mission dispatched to Japan in 1792?
A) Adam Laxman
B) Ivan Golovkin
C) Grigory Potemkin
D) Nikolai Rezanov
  • 16. Which Japanese governing body received the 1792 Russian trade mission?
A) The Tokugawa shogunate
B) The Edo City Council
C) The Satsuma Domain
D) The Imperial Court in Kyoto
  • 17. What was the outcome of the 1792 trade mission to Japan?
A) An alliance was formed against China
B) A major trade treaty was signed
C) Negotiations failed
D) Japan declared war on Russia
  • 18. How did Nicholas I evaluate the foreign policy of Catherine the Great?
A) As legally sound and strategic
B) As a dishonest one
C) As cautious and defensive
D) As a brilliant and visionary success
  • 19. What did Nicholas I say about Catherine's initial goals?
A) She failed to reach any of them
B) She abandoned them due to a lack of funds
C) She modified them for the better
D) She achieved all of them perfectly
  • 20. How was Catherine's foreign policy characterized from the very start?
A) An alliance-driven strategy focused on peace
B) A cautious approach focused solely on defense
C) A series of mistakes and lacking a long-term strategy
D) A masterclass in geopolitical maneuvering
  • 21. Which large territories did Russia lose from its protectorate under Catherine?
A) The Baltic governorates
B) The Grand Duchy of Finland
C) The Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
D) The Crimean Peninsula
  • 22. To which countries did Catherine leave the territories of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania?
A) Sweden and the Ottoman Empire
B) France and Great Britain
C) Prussia and Austria
D) China and Japan
  • 23. Since whose reign had the Commonwealth been a Russian protectorate?
A) Peter I
B) Alexander I
C) Ivan the Terrible
D) Michael Romanov
  • 24. What political problem of dissidents did Peter I choose not to intervene in?
A) Demanding tax exemptions
B) Advocating for their religious freedoms
C) Seeking parliamentary representation
D) Protesting military conscription
  • 25. What kind of power did Catherine actually turn Russia into?
A) An isolated agrarian empire
B) A global great power
C) A minor maritime power
D) A strictly regional European power
  • 26. What caused famines, starvation, and fear of famines in Russia?
A) The abrogation of the Treaty of Kyakhta
B) Trade embargoes imposed by Japan and China
C) Global trade of Russian natural resources and Russian grain
D) Dzungar raids along the Siberian border
  • 27. Why did Catherine's dynasty eventually lose power?
A) Because of resource trading famines and a war with Austria and Germany
B) Because of the failed trade mission led by Adam Laxman
C) Because she failed to eject the Turks from Europe
D) Because of the loss of Kamchatka to Japan
  • 28. According to the text, a war with which nations was impossible without Catherine's foreign policy?
A) Austria and Germany
B) China and Japan
C) Great Britain and France
D) Sweden and the Ottoman Empire
  • 29. Which duchy did Catherine refuse?
A) Bavaria
B) Holstein-Prussia
C) Schleswig
D) Holstein-Gottorp
  • 30. What geographic feature did the refused duchy have ports on?
A) The North Sea
B) The Black Sea
C) The Atlantic Ocean
D) The Baltic Sea
  • 31. What role did Catherine pioneer for Russia, similar to Britain's later role?
A) International mediator
B) Financial backer
C) Colonial conqueror
D) Naval superpower
  • 32. When did the War of the Bavarian Succession take place?
A) 1778–1779
B) 1780–1782
C) 1788–1790
D) 1790–1792
  • 33. What relation was King Gustav III to Catherine?
A) Brother
B) Nephew
C) Uncle
D) Cousin
  • 34. Which city did King Gustav III hope to strike directly?
A) Holstein
B) Saint Petersburg
C) Moscow
D) Stockholm
  • 35. Which Russian fleet checked the Royal Swedish navy in July 1788?
A) Baltic Fleet
B) Black Sea Fleet
C) Atlantic Fleet
D) Northern Fleet
  • 36. What was the result of the Battle of Hogland in July 1788?
A) A decisive Russian victory
B) A cancellation due to weather
C) It was tied
D) A crushing Swedish victory
  • 37. Which country declared war on Sweden in 1788?
A) Britain
B) Austria
C) Denmark
D) Prussia
  • 38. Who was paid large sums of money as part of the peace settlement?
A) The Austrian Emperor
B) Catherine herself
C) The King of Denmark
D) Gustav III
  • 39. How long did peace ensue after the 1790 treaty, despite an assassination?
A) 5 years
B) 50 years
C) 20 years
D) 10 years
  • 40. In what year was King Gustav III assassinated?
A) 1800
B) 1788
C) 1790
D) 1792
  • 41. In what year was Catherine crowned?
A) 1768
B) 1762
C) 1781
D) 1796
  • 42. What inspired the design of the Great Imperial Crown?
A) Ottoman architecture
B) British royal regalia
C) Byzantine design
D) Romanian art
  • 43. How many Indian diamonds are on the Great Imperial Crown?
A) 2,300
B) 398
C) 4,936
D) 75
  • 44. What is the weight of the Great Imperial Crown?
A) 3.8kg
B) 2.3kg
C) 1.5kg
D) 5.1kg
  • 45. In which museum is the Great Imperial Crown currently on display?
A) Moscow Kremlin Armoury Museum
B) British Museum
C) Louvre Museum
D) State Hermitage Museum
  • 46. Whose rehabilitation was one of Catherine's early acts following her accession?
A) Nikita Panin
B) Şahin Giray
C) Ivan Osterman
D) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
  • 47. Who interpreted Bestuzhev's rehabilitation as presenting a political difficulty regarding Elizabeth's memory?
A) Jérémie Pauzié
B) Alexander Suvorov
C) Sergey Solovyov
D) Ivan Gudovich
  • 48. By how many square kilometres did Catherine extend the Russian Empire?
A) Some 200,000 square kilometres
B) Some one million square kilometres
C) Some 750,000 square kilometres
D) Some 520,000 square kilometres
  • 49. Who served as Catherine's foreign minister from 1763 to 1781?
A) Ivan Osterman
B) Nikita Panin
C) Alexander Suvorov
D) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
  • 50. What alliance system did Nikita Panin attempt to set up to counter the Bourbon–Habsburg League?
A) Black Sea Coalition
B) Eastern League
C) Baltic Pact
D) Northern Accord
  • 51. Who replaced Nikita Panin as foreign minister in 1781?
A) Ivan Gudovich
B) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
C) Şahin Giray
D) Ivan Osterman
  • 52. In what year did Catherine agree to a commercial treaty with Great Britain?
A) 1774
B) 1766
C) 1762
D) 1783
  • 53. On what date was the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca signed?
A) 25 September 1789
B) 22 September 1762
C) 21 July 1774
D) 31 August 1762
  • 54. Who was named by Catherine to head the Crimean state to maintain friendly relations with Russia?
A) Şahin Giray
B) Nikita Panin
C) Ivan Osterman
D) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
  • 55. In what year did Catherine formally annex Crimea?
A) 1792
B) 1783
C) 1774
D) 1762
  • 56. What new city replaced Khadjibey by a decree in 1794?
A) Kherson
B) Nikolayev
C) Odessa
D) Yekaterinoslav
  • 57. What was Catherine the Great's birth name?
A) Sophie Auguste Friederike von Anhalt-Zerbst
B) Maria Choglokova
C) Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
D) Yekaterina Alekseyevna
  • 58. When did Catherine die?
A) 28 June 1744
B) 17 November 1796
C) 2 May 1729
D) 5 January 1762
  • 59. In what city was Catherine born?
A) Moscow
B) Stettin
C) Saint Petersburg
D) Oranienbaum
  • 60. At what age did Catherine marry Peter?
A) 18
B) 16
C) 15
D) 21
  • 61. Which Roman historian's work caused a 'revolution' in Catherine's mind regarding power politics?
A) Cicero
B) Voltaire
C) Plutarch
D) Tacitus
  • 62. Who was widely believed to be the biological father of Catherine's son Paul?
A) Sergei Saltykov
B) Grigory Potemkin
C) Grigory Orlov
D) Peter III
  • 63. When was Catherine's son Paul born?
A) 1757
B) 1754
C) 1762
D) 1745
  • 64. What was the name of Catherine and Peter's second child who died at 14 months?
A) Elizabeth
B) Anna
C) Sophie
D) Joanna
  • 65. Which regiment did Catherine visit on the night of the coup to ask for protection?
A) Semenovsky Barracks
B) Holstein Regiment
C) Imperial Guard
D) Izmailovsky Regiment
  • 66. Where did Peter III die following his overthrow?
A) Stettin
B) Ropsha
C) Oranienbaum
D) Schlüsselburg
  • 67. Who was appointed director of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1783?
A) Maria Choglokova
B) Joanna Elisabeth
C) Empress Elizabeth
D) Princess Yekaterina Dashkova
  • 68. When did Catherine found the Imperial Public Library, Russia's first state public library?
A) 1762
B) 1783
C) 1795
D) 1768
  • 69. Which medical procedure did Catherine promote by undergoing it herself in 1768?
A) Pneumonia treatment
B) Bloodletting
C) Smallpox inoculation
D) Phlebotomy
  • 70. Which rebellion posed a major challenge to Catherine's rule, involving Cossacks, nomads, and peasants?
A) Lopukhina affair
B) Pugachev's Rebellion
C) Bar Confederation
D) Russo-Turkish War
  • 71. Which admiral served under Catherine the Great?
A) Pyotr Rumyantsev
B) Alexander Suvorov
C) Grigory Orlov
D) Fyodor Ushakov
  • 72. Which territory in the east became the first European colony established by Russians under Catherine?
A) New Russia
B) Alaska
C) Poland
D) Crimea
  • 73. What was the name of the new Russian territories colonized along the coasts of the Black and Azov seas?
A) Russian America
B) Holstein-Gottorp
C) Courland and Semigallia
D) New Russia
  • 74. Which southern territory was annexed following victories over the Ottoman Empire?
A) Crimean Khanate
B) Alaska
C) Poland
D) Schleswig
  • 75. Which city was founded on Catherine's orders in newly conquered lands?
A) Stettin
B) Szczecin
C) Oranienbaum
D) Sevastopol
  • 76. Who was installed by Catherine to the throne of Poland before its partition?
A) Her former lover
B) Grigory Potemkin
C) Her son Paul
D) Peter III
  • 77. Who was appointed to supervise Catherine and Peter by Empress Elizabeth in May 1746?
A) Joanna Elisabeth
B) Maria Choglokova
C) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
D) Princess Yekaterina Dashkova
  • 78. What disease did Sophie's uncle Charles Augustus die of in Saint Petersburg in 1727?
A) Apoplexy
B) Haemorrhoidal colic
C) Smallpox
D) Pneumonia
  • 79. What disease did Catherine contract and survive shortly after arriving in Russia?
A) Smallpox
B) Cholera
C) Typhus
D) Pneumonia
  • 80. Which philosopher did Catherine first read during her unhappy marriage to Peter?
A) Voltaire
B) Grimm
C) Tacitus
D) Bestuzhev
  • 81. What was the name of the residence of the 'young court' where Peter and Catherine settled?
A) Winter Palace
B) Smolny Institute
C) Oranienbaum
D) Schlüsselburg
  • 82. Which palace did Catherine and Peter move into after Peter became emperor?
A) Ropsha
B) Winter Palace
C) Ducal Castle
D) Oranienbaum
  • 83. Who was the Prussian King whose admiration by Peter III alienated Russian nobles?
A) Frederick II
B) Frederick the Great
C) Adolf Frederick
D) Christian August
  • 84. What society did Catherine support that promoted the spread of potato cultivation?
A) Imperial Public Library
B) Free Economic Society
C) Russian Academy
D) Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
  • 85. Which of Catherine's generals achieved renown during the wars against the Ottoman Empire?
A) Pyotr Rumyantsev
B) Alexander Suvorov
C) Samuel Greig
D) Fyodor Ushakov
  • 86. Which kingdom became a Russian protectorate in 1783?
A) Georgia
B) Persia
C) Armenia
D) Azerbaijan
  • 87. Who was the new king of Persia who invaded Georgia in 1795?
A) Valerian Zubov
B) Agha Mohammad Khan
C) Morteza Qoli Khan
D) Ivan Gudovich
  • 88. Who was the pro-Russian half-brother intended to replace the Persian shah?
A) Agha Mohammad Khan
B) Morteza Qoli Khan
C) Valerian Zubov
D) King Erekle II
  • 89. Whose advice did Catherine follow instead of appointing Ivan Gudovich?
A) Prince Zubov
B) Paul I
C) Derzhavin
D) King Erekle II
  • 90. Who was entrusted with the command of the Russian troops in 1796?
A) Ivan Gudovich
B) Agha Mohammad Khan
C) Morteza Qoli Khan
D) Count Valerian Zubov
  • 91. What relation was Valerian Zubov to Prince Zubov?
A) Uncle
B) Younger brother
C) Father
D) Son
  • 92. Where did the Russian troops set out from in April 1796?
A) Kizlyar
B) Derbent
C) Moscow
D) St. Petersburg
  • 93. Which key fortress did the Russian troops storm on 21 May 1796?
A) Baku
B) Derbent
C) Shemakha
D) Ganja
  • 94. Who glorified the storming of Derbent in a famous ode?
A) Paul I
B) Derzhavin
C) Ivan Gudovich
D) Valerian Zubov
  • 95. What major event occurred in November 1796 that halted the campaign?
A) Persian forces defeated Zubov in a major battle
B) Catherine died
C) A massive earthquake destroyed the army
D) Agha Mohammad Khan surrendered unconditionally
  • 96. Who did Catherine place on the Polish throne in 1764?
A) Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski
B) Kościuszko
C) Alexander Bezborodko
D) Frederick II
  • 97. In what year did Catherine become the formal protector of political rights for dissidents and peasants in the Commonwealth?
A) 1764
B) 1791
C) 1795
D) 1768
  • 98. Which foreign power supported the Confederation of Bar?
A) France
B) Prussia
C) Austria
D) Habsburg monarchy
  • 99. Which monarchy gained Galicia, satisfying Empress Catherine?
A) Ottoman Empire
B) Prussian monarchy
C) French monarchy
D) Habsburg monarchy
  • 100. What did the Targowica confederates believe the Russians would help them restore?
A) The Permanent Council
B) The Golden Liberty
C) The May Constitution
D) The French Monarchy
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