White blood cell - Quiz
White blood cell
  • 1. What is the term for an increase in the number of white blood cells in circulation?
A) Neutropenia
B) Eosinophilia
C) Leukocytosis
D) Leukopenia
  • 2. What is the most common cause of leukocytosis?
A) Inflammation
B) Exercise
C) Medication
D) Smoking
  • 3. How many major causes of leukocytosis are mentioned in the text?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Six
D) Eight
  • 4. What is an increase in the absolute neutrophil count in the peripheral circulation called?
A) Lymphocytosis
B) Neutrophilia
C) Basophilia
D) Monocytosis
  • 5. What is the typical normal total leukocyte count in an adult?
A) 1000 to 5000 per mm3
B) 20,000 to 30,000 per mm3
C) 4000 to 11,000 per mm3
D) 15,000 to 20,000 per mm3
  • 6. What percentage of chronic smokers may experience neutrophilia?
A) 5–10%
B) 25–50%
C) 80–90%
D) 60–75%
  • 7. Which of the following is listed as a primary cause of neutrophilia?
A) Pelger–Huët anomaly
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Cigarette smoking
D) Tuberculosis
  • 8. What is the considered normal eosinophil count limit?
A) Less than 2.0×109/L
B) More than 1.0×109/L
C) Less than 0.65×109/L
D) Exactly 5.0×109/L
  • 9. When are eosinophil counts typically lower in a 24-hour cycle?
A) During sleep
B) At night
C) At noon
D) In the morning
  • 10. Which medical condition is noted as a secondary cause of neutrophilia?
A) Pelger–Huët anomaly
B) Crohn's disease
C) Hereditary neutrophilia
D) Down syndrome
  • 11. Which medication is associated with inducing neutrophilia?
A) Insulin
B) Penicillin
C) Aspirin
D) Lithium
  • 12. How long can smoking-induced neutrophilia persist after quitting?
A) 1 month
B) Up to 5 years
C) 10 years
D) 6 months
  • 13. Eosinophilia is described as which of the following?
A) An indicator of low iron
B) A sign of viral recovery
C) A common healthy finding
D) Never a normal lab finding
  • 14. Which organ removal is linked to primary neutrophilia?
A) Gallbladder
B) Liver
C) Appendix
D) Spleen
  • 15. What blood panel includes the overall white blood cell count and differential count?
A) Coagulation profile
B) Lipid panel
C) Metabolic panel
D) Complete blood cell count
  • 16. Which of the following conditions might cause an increase in eosinophil count?
A) Dehydration
B) Vitamin deficiency
C) Parasitic infections
D) Low blood pressure
  • 17. Where are eosinophils most numerous?
A) Bone marrow
B) Kidneys
C) Liver
D) Mucous membranes
  • 18. How many lobes does an eosinophil nucleus generally have?
A) It is lobeless
B) Two
C) Five
D) Three
  • 19. What color do eosinophil granules turn with eosin staining?
A) Deep blue
B) Yellow-green
C) Dark violet
D) Pink-orange
  • 20. Which white blood cell is considered the rarest?
A) B cell
B) Basophil
C) T cell
D) Eosinophil
  • 21. What chemical do basophils release to dilate blood vessels?
A) Histamine
B) Cytokines
C) Heparin
D) Antibodies
  • 22. Why is the basophil nucleus hard to see?
A) It is transparent
B) Coarse granules hide it
C) It is absent
D) It is too small
  • 23. Where are lymphocytes most commonly found?
A) Bloodstream
B) Skin
C) Lymphatic system
D) Connective tissue
  • 24. What is the primary function of B cells?
A) Make antibodies
B) Release histamine
C) Phagocytize large parasites
D) Kill virus-infected cells
  • 25. What do CD8+ cytotoxic T cells bind to?
A) MHC I complex
B) MHC II molecules
C) Histamine receptors
D) Heparin receptors
  • 26. Which cells can kill cells that do not display MHC class I molecules?
A) Natural killer cells
B) Eosinophils
C) Basophils
D) B cells
  • 27. What is a key structural feature of all white blood cells?
A) They lack cytoplasm
B) They are nucleated
C) They are fragmented
D) They are anucleated
  • 28. Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Basophil
D) Lymphocyte
  • 29. What are the two broadest categories used to classify white blood cells by structure?
A) Phagocytic and non-phagocytic
B) Myeloid and lymphoid
C) Granulocytes and agranulocytes
D) Multi-lobed and round
  • 30. Which cells belong to the lymphoid lineage?
A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Monocytes
D) Lymphocytes
  • 31. Which cells are phagocytic?
A) Lymphocytes and basophils
B) Monocytes and neutrophils
C) T cells and B cells
D) Natural killer cells and eosinophils
  • 32. Which cell type is the most abundant white blood cell?
A) Basophil
B) Neutrophil
C) Lymphocyte
D) Monocyte
  • 33. What percentage of circulating leukocytes do neutrophils constitute?
A) 10–20%
B) 80–90%
C) 60–70%
D) 40–50%
  • 34. What is the primary function of neutrophils?
A) Transport of oxygen
B) Defense against bacterial or fungal infection
C) Production of antibodies
D) Regulation of blood clotting
  • 35. What substance is formed by the death of neutrophils in large numbers?
A) Lymph
B) Pus
C) Plasma
D) Serum
  • 36. Why are neutrophils called polymorphonuclear?
A) Because they circulate in the blood
B) Because they contain many granules
C) Because they are very large
D) Because they have a multi-lobed nucleus
  • 37. What happens to neutrophils after they phagocytose a few pathogens?
A) They divide
B) They die
C) They become monocytes
D) They regenerate lysosomes
  • 38. Which cell type is most common in the early stages of acute inflammation?
A) Monocytes
B) Basophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Lymphocytes
  • 39. What is the scientific name for white blood cells?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Platelets
D) Myelocytes
  • 40. Where are all white blood cells produced?
A) Lymph nodes
B) Bone marrow
C) Spleen
D) Liver
  • 41. What percentage of total blood volume do white blood cells represent?
A) 40% to 45%
B) 50%
C) 10%
D) Approximately 1%
  • 42. What is the term for a white blood cell count below the normal range?
A) Leukemia
B) Neutropenia
C) Leukocytosis
D) Leukopenia
  • 43. What causes the buffy coat to sometimes appear green?
A) Hemoglobin
B) High iron content
C) Plasma proteins
D) Myeloperoxidase
  • 44. In a centrifuged blood sample, where are white blood cells located?
A) The plasma
B) The sedimented red blood cells
C) The buffy coat
D) The bottom layer
  • 45. Which type of white blood cell is the largest?
A) Lymphocyte
B) Basophil
C) Monocyte
D) Neutrophil
  • 46. What is the primary function monocytes share with neutrophils?
A) Histamine release
B) Phagocytosis
C) Clotting
D) Antibody production
  • 47. What do monocytes become after leaving the bloodstream?
A) Kupffer cells
B) Mast cells
C) Dendritic cells
D) Tissue macrophages
  • 48. What is the shape of a monocyte's nucleus?
A) Lobulated
B) Round
C) Multi-segmented
D) Kidney-shaped
  • 49. Are monocytes typically granulated?
A) Only when active
B) No
C) Yes
D) Only in tissues
  • 50. What is the term for a decrease in lymphocytes?
A) Myeloproliferation
B) Leukocytosis
C) Lymphocytopenia
D) Neutrophilia
  • 51. Which of the following is a potential cause of neutropenia?
A) Increased production
B) High protein diet
C) Normal aging
D) Chemotherapy
  • 52. Which category of disorder involves white blood cells that exist in normal numbers but do not function correctly?
A) Leukopenias
B) Myeloproliferative disorders
C) Qualitative disorders
D) Proliferative disorders
  • 53. Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic disorder causing neutropenia?
A) Fanconi's
B) Radiation exposure
C) Thiazide use
D) Alcoholism
  • 54. Which of the following is considered a toxin that can lead to neutropenia?
A) Benzene
B) Calcium
C) Vitamin C
D) Water
  • 55. Which of these is listed as a potential cause of acquired neutropenia?
A) Exercise
B) Hydration
C) Sleep deprivation
D) Sulfas
  • 56. Which of the following is an inherited cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Strenuous exercise
B) Alcohol use disorder
C) Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
D) Sepsis
  • 57. Which of the following viral infections is associated with lymphocytopenia?
A) Common cold
B) AIDS
C) Seasonal allergies
D) Minor skin rash
  • 58. How are symptoms and treatment of lymphocytopenia directed?
A) At the underlying cause
B) At antibiotic resistance
C) At increasing caloric intake
D) Only at the lymphocyte count
  • 59. Which nutritional deficiency is listed as a potential cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Vitamin D deficiency
B) Zinc deficiency
C) Vitamin C deficiency
D) Iron deficiency
  • 60. Which blood cell dysfunction is linked to lymphocytopenia?
A) Leukemia
B) Aplastic anemia
C) Sickle cell anemia
D) Polycythemia vera
  • 61. Which of the following medical procedures is a potential cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Appendectomy
B) Blood transfusion
C) Hemodialysis
D) Gallbladder removal
  • 62. Which immune-related condition is mentioned as a cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Systemic lupus erythematosus
B) Type 1 diabetes
C) Eczema
D) Asthma
  • 63. Which of these medications is associated with causing lymphocytopenia?
A) Glucocorticoids
B) Pain relievers
C) Antihistamines
D) Antibiotics
  • 64. Which of the following is a parasitic cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Malaria
B) Scabies
C) Tapeworm
D) Pinworm
  • 65. Which of the following is a potential miscellaneous cause of lymphocytopenia?
A) Broken bone
B) Common headache
C) Severe burns
D) Mild dehydration
  • 66. Which category does sarcoidosis fall under in the text regarding lymphocytopenia causes?
A) Miscellaneous
B) Infectious diseases
C) Inherited immune deficiency
D) Nutritional
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