Philippine history - Quiz
Philippine history
  • 1. The history of the Philippines is a rich tapestry of diverse cultures, colonial influences, and struggles for independence. From ancient civilizations like the Majapahit Empire to the Spanish colonization and the subsequent American occupation, the Filipino people have endured various challenges and triumphs. The fight for independence led by national heroes like Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio culminated in the declaration of independence in 1898. The Philippines has since evolved into a vibrant nation with a unique blend of traditions, languages, and customs. Despite its tumultuous past, the Philippines continues to thrive as a resilient and dynamic country in Southeast Asia.

    When did the Philippines gain independence from Spanish colonization?
A) June 12, 1898
B) July 4, 1946
C) September 21, 1972
D) December 7, 1941
  • 2. Which Philippine president declared martial law in 1972?
A) Benigno Aquino Jr.
B) Ferdinand Marcos
C) Ramon Magsaysay
D) Corazon Aquino
  • 3. Who was the leader of the Katipunan, a secret society that fought for Philippine independence?
A) Jose Rizal
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Andres Bonifacio
D) Manuel L. Quezon
  • 4. Who was the first President of the Philippines?
A) Carlos P. Garcia
B) Sergio Osmena
C) Manuel L. Quezon
D) Emilio Aguinaldo
  • 5. Who was the first Filipino saint?
A) Pedro Calungsod
B) Ramon Magsaysay
C) Gregorio del Pilar
D) Lorenzo Ruiz
  • 6. Which event led to the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, signaling the end of the Spanish-American War?
A) The Cry of Pugad Lawin
B) The execution of Jose Rizal
C) The Siege of Baler
D) The Battle of Manila Bay
  • 7. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Greatest President of the Commonwealth Period'?
A) Benigno Aquino Jr.
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Manuel L. Quezon
D) Sergio Osmena
  • 8. Which American general led the US forces that captured Emilio Aguinaldo?
A) George S. Patton
B) Dwight D. Eisenhower
C) Frederick Funston
D) Douglas MacArthur
  • 9. What was the name of the first Philippine constitution?
A) Mabini Constitution
B) Aguinaldo Constitution
C) Malolos Constitution
D) Quezon Constitution
  • 10. Who was the leader of the Filipino Muslims who led armed resistance against the Spanish colonial government?
A) Datu Lapu-Lapu
B) Lapu-Lapu
C) Sultan Kudarat
D) Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
  • 11. Which Philippine president was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983?
A) Ramon Magsaysay
B) Joseph Estrada
C) Fidel V. Ramos
D) Benigno Aquino Jr.
  • 12. In what year did the Philippines declare its independence from the United States?
A) 1962
B) 1935
C) 1946
D) 1952
  • 13. Which Filipino hero was known as the 'Sublime Paralytic'?
A) Andres Bonifacio
B) Jose Rizal
C) Apolinario Mabini
D) Emilio Aguinaldo
  • 14. Which US president granted the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946?
A) Dwight D. Eisenhower
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Harry S. Truman
D) Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • 15. When was the EDSA People Power Revolution?
A) 1992
B) 2001
C) 1986
D) 1972
  • 16. Which Philippine president was known as the 'Asian Diplomat'?
A) Manuel Roxas
B) Elpidio Quirino
C) Sergio Osmena
D) Carlos P. Garcia
  • 17. Where did the Battle of Tirad Pass, where Gregorio del Pilar died, take place?
A) Cavite
B) Ilocos Sur
C) Bataan
D) Batangas
  • 18. Who was the first Filipino cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church?
A) Jaime Sin
B) Orlando Quevedo
C) Luis Antonio Tagle
D) Rufino Jiao Santos
  • 19. In what year did the Philippines host the Miss Universe pageant for the first time?
A) 1974
B) 1981
C) 1969
D) 1997
  • 20. Which American governor-general ordered the establishment of the University of the Philippines?
A) William Howard Taft
B) Woodrow Wilson
C) Harry S. Truman
D) Theodore Roosevelt
  • 21. When did the earliest hominin activity occur in the Philippines?
A) By 47,000 years ago
B) Around 3000 BCE
C) At least by 709,000 years ago
D) In the first millennium CE
  • 22. Which species of archaic humans was present on Luzon by 134,000 years ago?
A) Homo sapiens
B) Neanderthals
C) Homo luzonensis
D) Denisovans
  • 23. Where were the earliest known anatomically modern humans in the Philippines found?
A) Callao Cave
B) Cagayan
C) Rizal, Kalinga
D) Tabon Caves in Palawan
  • 24. Which groups were the first to settle in prehistoric Philippines?
A) Hanunoo
B) Malayo-Polynesians
C) Austronesians
D) Negrito groups
  • 25. From where did Austronesian-speaking peoples migrate to the Philippines around 3000 BCE?
A) India
B) China
C) Taiwan
D) Japan
  • 26. Which cultures were linked to Austronesians before their expansion out of Taiwan?
A) Dapenkeng and Majiabang only
B) Liangzhu and Majiabang only
C) Majiabang and Hemudu only
D) Hemudu, Liangzhu, and Dapenkeng
  • 27. What is the most widely accepted theory of Austronesian migration?
A) The 'Out-of-China' model
B) : The 'Out-of-Taiwan' model
C) The 'Out-of-Japan' model
D) The 'Out-of-India' model
  • 28. Which cultures share common cultural markers with Austronesians?
A) European settlers
B) Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Islander Southeast Asians, Chams, Islander Melanesians, Micronesians, Polynesians, and the Malagasy people
C) Indian subcontinent cultures only
D) Han Chinese and Japanese
  • 29. What distinct kinds of peoples developed in the Philippines by 1000 BCE?
A) Only tribal groups and warrior societies
B) Only tribal groups and harbor principalities
C) Tribal groups, warrior societies, petty plutocracy, and harbor principalities
D) Only harbor principalities and petty plutocracy
  • 30. When did early metallurgy reach the Philippine archipelagos?
A) During Spanish colonial rule
B) In the first millennium CE
C) Around 300–700 CE
D) By 1000 BCE via trade with India
  • 31. Which religions influenced the seafaring peoples of the Philippines between 300–700 CE?
A) Buddhism and Hinduism
B) Islam and Christianity
C) Confucianism and Taoism
D) Shintoism and Animism
  • 32. Which city was the first permanent Spanish settlement established in?
A) Davao
B) Cebu
C) Zamboanga
D) Manila
  • 33. What was established by the United States to rule the Philippines after 1898?
A) Direct rule by the U.S. Congress
B) The Insular Government
C) The Philippine Commonwealth
D) The Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • 34. What did the Jones Act promise for the Philippines?
A) Continued colonial rule
B) Permanent annexation to the United States
C) Full integration into the U.S. as a state
D) Independence
  • 35. When was the Philippine Commonwealth established?
A) In 1907
B) In 1935
C) In 1946
D) In 1898
  • 36. Which country occupied the Philippines during World War II?
A) Japan
B) Germany
C) Italy
D) The United States
  • 37. Where was the Sa Huỳnh culture primarily centered?
A) Present-day Vietnam
B) Taiwan
C) Central Thailand
D) Palawan, Philippines
  • 38. What is the Maitum anthropomorphic pottery dated to?
A) 1000–1200 CE
B) 400 BCE–1500 CE
C) Around 200 CE
D) 500–700 CE
  • 39. In what script was the Laguna Copperplate Inscription written?
A) Baybayin script
B) Latin script
C) Kawi script
D) Arabic script
  • 40. What culture influenced Manila Bay during the time of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?
A) Hindu–Old Malay amalgamation
B) Chinese
C) Arab
D) Greek and Roman
  • 41. Which Arab chronicler wrote about the military competition between Muja and Mayd with the Chinese Empire?
A) Ibn Battuta
B) Al Ya'akubi
C) Al-Masudi
D) Abu al-Fida
  • 42. Who was appointed by the Yongle Emperor to oversee trade in Tondo?
A) Ko Ch'a-lao
B) Macao
C) Zheng He
D) Li Bo
  • 43. What was the outcome of the Castilian War for the Spanish?
A) They established a permanent colony in Brunei.
B) They permanently conquered Brunei.
C) They temporarily seized Brunei's capital.
D) They lost to the Bruneians.
  • 44. What year did Kumintang become a Spanish town?
A) 1581
B) 1576
C) 1605
D) 1599
  • 45. From which place did the founders of the Sultanate of Sulu arrive?
A) Brunei
B) Butuan Rajahnate
C) Malacca
D) Johore, Malaysia
  • 46. Pulilu was politically connected to which nation at the Calamianes?
A) Madja-as
B) Ma-i
C) Sandao
D) Brunei
  • 47. Which river bisected the fortified polity of Cainta?
A) The Lingayen Gulf
B) The Calumpang River
C) The Marikina River
D) The Pasig River
  • 48. What larger country was Sandao a vassal-state to?
A) Pulilu
B) Srivijaya
C) Ma-i
D) Madja-as
  • 49. Which Philippine kingdom regained independence after Brunei's invasion?
A) Sulu.
B) Cebu.
C) Manila.
D) Iloilo.
  • 50. Which present-day location corresponds to the ancient Jiamayan?
A) Cebu
B) Calamian
C) Davao
D) Zamboanga
  • 51. What name was given to the confederation of polities established by Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Pulilu
B) Ma-i
C) Sandao
D) Madja-as
  • 52. What was the time period during which Ma-i is recorded in Song dynasty history?
A) Before 971 – after 1339
B) 1300–1500
C) 1000–1200
D) 900–1100
  • 53. Who founded the Kingdom of Cebu?
A) Rajah Sri Bata Shaja
B) Rajah Humabon
C) Datu Lapulapu
D) Sri Lumay, also known as Rajamuda Lumaya
  • 54. What evidence supports the existence of the Rajahnate of Butuan?
A) The Butuan Silver Paleograph
B) The Maynila Stone
C) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
D) The Cebu Stone Inscription
  • 55. What type of weapons were encountered in naval battles in Pangasinan?
A) Japanese-style gunpowder weapons
B) Chinese crossbows
C) Indian war elephants
D) European longbows
  • 56. Who ruled the maritime societies in precolonial Philippines?
A) Elected officials
B) Datus, wangs, rajahs, sultans or lakans
C) Emperors and queens
D) Military generals
  • 57. What was unique about the Sultanate system in Lanao compared to Sulu and Maguindanao?
A) It did not follow Islamic principles.
B) It was centralized under one ruler.
C) It had no royal houses.
D) It was uniquely decentralized.
  • 58. Which language is classified as a Southern Visayan language in the Sulu state?
A) Cham
B) Tausug
C) Malay
D) Yakan
  • 59. Who are the ancestors of the local Yakan people?
A) Visayan migrants
B) Hindu Sulu
C) The Orang Dampuans
D) Buranuns
  • 60. Which class did the Lakan belong to in ancient Tagalog society?
A) Datu
B) Timawa
C) Maharlika
D) Alipin
  • 61. Which river was the polity of Kumintang located around?
A) Pasig River
B) Calumpang River
C) Lingayen Gulf
D) Marikina River
  • 62. What did the datus in Panay and other Visayan islands do after returning from Borneo?
A) Joined forces with Rajah Makatunaw
B) Founded various towns
C) Established a new confederation
D) Returned to their original homeland
  • 63. What was a primary trade good from Pangasinan in exchange for Japanese and Chinese goods?
A) Porcelain
B) Silk
C) Gold
D) Spices
  • 64. What was Pangasinan known for in Chinese records during the early 15th century?
A) Gold mining operations.
B) Ceramic production.
C) Its salt-making industry.
D) Shipbuilding techniques.
  • 65. From which island did Datu Puti and his followers purchase land?
A) Panay
B) Borneo
C) Mindoro
D) Samar
  • 66. What artifact with Kawi script was found in Butuan?
A) A bronze statue
B) A wooden carving
C) An Ivory seal
D) A stone tablet
  • 67. Who ruled the Chieftaincy of Coron Island?
A) Spanish missionaries
B) Tagbanua warriors
C) Datus
D) Rajahs
  • 68. Who was Datu Macatunao also known as, according to Rev. Fr. Santaren?
A) Labaodungon
B) Datu Puti
C) Paybare
D) Rajah Makatunaw
  • 69. What type of ware did Japan import from Luzon?
A) Porcelain ware
B) Ceramic tiles
C) Bronze ware
D) Mishima ware
  • 70. Who was the paramount ruler of Tondo during the 1500s?
A) Lakan
B) Rajah
C) Datu
D) Sultan
  • 71. Who was the Negrito chieftain that sold Panay to Datu Puti and his followers?
A) Makatunaw
B) Marikudo
C) Puti
D) Paybare
  • 72. What does the term Singhapala translate to?
A) Golden City
B) Rice City
C) Lion City
D) Trade City
  • 73. Who was the customs inspector that wrote about Sandao in Chinese annals?
A) Zheng He
B) Chao Jukua
C) Fu Xi
D) Li Bai
  • 74. Which city did the Lucoes help defend against Burmese invaders in 1547?
A) Siam
B) Ayuthaya
C) Malacca
D) Manila
  • 75. During which centuries did Namayan reach its peak?
A) 11th–14th centuries
B) 9th–12th centuries
C) 13th–16th centuries
D) 15th–18th centuries
  • 76. During which years did the Pi-sho-ye conduct raids on southern China?
A) 1150–1180
B) 1100–1125
C) 1174–1190
D) 1200–1225
  • 77. Who introduced Islam to Mindanao?
A) Shari'ful Hashem Syed Abu Bakr
B) Rajah Baguinda
C) Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan
D) Karim ul' Makdum
  • 78. Which kingdom sent emissaries to China as a tributary-state between 1406 and 1411?
A) Cainta
B) Namayan
C) Kumintang
D) Pangasinan
  • 79. Who did Sultan Bolkiah marry to expand Brunei's influence in Luzon and Mindanao?
A) Sultan Sulayman
B) Puteri Laila Menchanai
C) Rajah Salalila
D) Laila Menchanai
  • 80. Which dynasty's products were traded by Tondo and Maynila?
A) Ming Dynasty
B) Song Dynasty
C) Han Dynasty
D) Tang Dynasty
  • 81. Which historian identified the pre-Islamic Bruneian Buddhist kingdom of Vijayapura?
A) Antonio Pigafetta
B) Robert Nicholl
C) Chao Ju-Kua
D) Efren B. Isorena
  • 82. Which inscription provides the earliest historical record of Tondo and other local polities?
A) The Butuan Ivory Seal
B) The Maynila Stone Inscription
C) The Cebu Stone Inscription
D) The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
  • 83. In which Chinese historical document is Pulilu mentioned?
A) Zizhi Tongjian
B) Shiji
C) Zhufan zhi
D) Yijing
  • 84. Who led the ten exiled datus that migrated to the central islands of the Philippines?
A) Datu Puti
B) Sang Aji
C) Labaodungon
D) Rajah Makatunaw
  • 85. Who were the Pi-sho-ye raids most likely conducted by, according to Efren B. Isorena?
A) Visayans from the Visayas islands
B) Chinese merchants
C) Srivijayan warriors
D) People of Ibabao
  • 86. Which Japanese merchant changed his surname to Luzon?
A) Miyamoto Musashi
B) Toyotomi Hideyoshi
C) Tokugawa Ieyasu
D) Luzon Sukezaemon
  • 87. Which country recognized the Kingdom of Cebu diplomatically?
A) Malaysia
B) China
C) India
D) Thailand (Siam)
  • 88. Which polity did Chinese historical accounts refer to as 'Luzon'?
A) Maguindanao
B) Cebu
C) Maynila
D) Butuan
  • 89. Which Prehispanic polity was centered at Polillo, Quezon?
A) Pulilu
B) Madja-as
C) Sandao
D) Ma-i
  • 90. When is the Calatagan pot with baybayin inscription dated to?
A) Mid 15th century
B) Late 17th century
C) Early 18th century
D) Not later than early 16th century
  • 91. How did the Spaniards refer to the people of Tondo?
A) Conquistadors
B) Caciques
C) Hidalgos
D) Encomenderos
  • 92. Which document marks the start of significant written records in the late 16th century?
A) Laguna Copperplate Inscription
B) Sulu Sultanate Charter
C) Baybayin Manuscript
D) Doctrina Christiana
  • 93. What was Sanmalan known for in Chinese records?
A) A colony under Spanish rule in the 1600s.
B) The birthplace of the first Filipino king.
C) A precolonial Philippine kingdom on what is now Zamboanga.
D) A major trading hub during the 1500s.
  • 94. Who represented Sanmalan at the Chinese imperial court in 982?
A) Ambassador Ali Bakti.
B) Chinese envoys.
C) Rajah Chulan himself.
D) A group of local traders.
  • 95. Where did Labaodungon and his wife, Ojaytanayon, settle after their return?
A) Moroboro
B) Odtojan
C) Samar
D) Panay
  • 96. What cultural practice did the locals in Pangasinan share with other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups?
A) Blackening their teeth.
B) Practicing ancestor worship.
C) Wearing iron armors.
D) Building wooden palaces.
  • 97. Who was executed during the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588?
A) Rajah Salalila
B) Agustín de Legazpi
C) Lakan Dula
D) Magat Salamat
  • 98. Which civilization was the ancestral homeland of the Visayans according to Robert Nicholl?
A) Madja-as
B) Brunei
C) Funan Civilization
D) Srivijaya Empire
  • 99. Which Sultanate was subjugated by Brunei to the south?
A) Kutai
B) Sulu
C) Lanao
D) Maguindanao
  • 100. Who was the legendary ruler associated with Kumintang?
A) A Spanish governor
B) Gat Pulintan
C) Chao Ju-kua
D) King Kamayin
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