JDCPRE 2nd sem prelim - Quiz
  • 1. A child or young person treated differently by the legal system due to immaturity is called:
A) Minor criminal
B) Delinquent
C) Juvenile
D) Adult offender
  • 2. Behavior violating criminal law committed by a person under 18 is called:
A) Delinquency
B) Crime
C) Misconduct
D) Deviance
  • 3. A child without parents or guardians and dependent on public support is called:
A) Abandoned child
B) Disabled child
C) Dependent child
D) Neglected child
  • 4. A child who has no parental care for at least six continuous months is known as:
A) Dependent child
B) Abandoned child
C) Disabled child
D) Neglected child
  • 5. A child whose basic needs are deliberately unattended is called:
A) Dependent child
B) Disabled child
C) Juvenile offender
D) Neglected child
  • 6. A court-appointed person who protects the best interests of the child is:
A) Judge
B) Prosecutor
C) Guardian Ad Litem
D) Social worker
  • 7. A child accused or adjudged of committing an offense is called:
A) Status offender
B) Child at risk
C) Child in conflict with the law
D) Youthful offender
  • 8. The mental capacity to understand right from wrong is called:
A) Discernment
B) Responsibility
C) Awareness
D) Judgment
  • 9. Acts that are illegal only when committed by minors are known as:
A) Public crimes
B) Status offenses
C) Criminal offenses
D) Status offenses
  • 10. The first institution for juvenile offenders in the United States established in 1825 was called:
A) Youth detention center
B) Juvenile reform center
C) Marine Society
D) House of Refuge
  • 11. The Marine Society of England was established in:
A) 1756
B) 1776
C) 1704
D) 1825
  • 12. The Code of Hammurabi was created around:
A) 1800 B.C.
B) 2270 B.C.
C) 2500 B.C.
D) 1500 B.C.
  • 13. Under Anglo-Saxon law, children under this age were presumed innocent:
A) 7
B) 5
C) 10
D) 6
  • 14. The stage of delinquency involving petty larceny (8–12 years old) is:
A) Exploration
B) Explosion
C) Conflagration
D) Emergence
  • 15. Shoplifting and vandalism are common in which stage?
A) Conflagration
B) Exploration
C) Explosion
D) Emergence
  • 16. The stage characterized by a significant increase in variety and seriousness of crimes is:
A) Explosion
B) Emergence
C) Conflagration
D) Exploration
  • 17. The stage where four or more types of crimes are added is called:
A) Conflagration
B) Conflagration
C) Explosion
D) Exploration
  • 18. The theory that evil spirits cause people to commit crimes is called:
A) Positivist theory
B) Psychological theory
C) Classical theory
D) Demonological theory
  • 19. The classical theory of crime was developed by:
A) Freud and Jung
B) Durkheim and Marx
C) Beccaria and Bentham
D) Lombroso and Ferri
  • 20. The positivist theory was mainly associated with:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Sigmund Freud
  • 21. The theory stating that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction is:
A) Labeling theory
B) Strain theory
C) Differential association theory
D) Control theory
  • 22. The theory that strong social bonds prevent delinquency was proposed by:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Albert Cohen
D) Robert Merton
  • 23. The theory that frustration leads to aggression is called:
A) Labeling theory
B) Social control theory
C) Frustration-aggression theory
D) Strain theory
  • 24. The theory stating that crime results from inequality between goals and means is:
A) Control theory
B) Differential association theory
C) Labeling theory
D) Strain theory
  • 25. The sociologist who explained that calling a child delinquent encourages delinquent behavior was:
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Schur
C) Howard Becker
D) Frank Tannenbaum
  • 26. The theory distinguishing between primary and secondary deviation was developed by:
A) Albert Cohen
B) Austin Turk
C) George Vold
D) Edwin Lemert
  • 27. According to research, which child is more likely to become delinquent?
A) Only child
B) Youngest child
C) First-born
D) Middle child
  • 28. One of the strongest predictors of delinquency in children is:
A) Religion
B) School grades
C) Family wealth
D) Parental rejection
  • 29. According to Hirschi's theory, delinquency decreases when there is strong:
A) Family conflict
B) Social bond
C) Financial support
D) Educational pressure
  • 30. The pathway that begins with stubborn behavior and progresses to authority avoidance is called:
A) Overt pathway
B) Authority-conflict pathway
C) Social pathway
D) Covert pathway
  • 31. The pathway that starts with minor underhanded behavior and develops into serious criminal acts is:
A) Aggression pathway
B) Authority-conflict pathway
C) Covert pathway
D) Overt pathway
  • 32. The pathway characterized by aggression leading to violent acts is:
A) Overt pathway
B) Social pathway
C) Authority pathway
D) Covert pathway
  • 33. Delinquents who are aggressive, rejected, and often abandoned belong to:
A) Group delinquency
B) Unsocialized aggression
C) Socialized delinquency
D) Over-inhibited delinquency
  • 34. Delinquency committed by members of groups encouraging criminal acts is called:
A) Socialized delinquency
B) Individual delinquency
C) Maladjusted delinquency
D) Unsocialized aggression
  • 35. Delinquents secretly trained to perform illegal activities are classified as:
A) Occasional delinquents
B) Maladjusted delinquents
C) Gang delinquents
D) Over-inhibited delinquents
  • 36. Delinquents who participate in criminal acts occasionally and are influenced by peers are called:
A) Gang delinquents
B) Occasional delinquents
C) Chronic offenders
D) Maladjusted delinquents
  • 37. Delinquents who often commit serious offenses as part of organized groups are:
A) Gang delinquents
B) Maladjusted delinquents
C) Status offenders
D) Occasional delinquents
  • 38. Delinquents whose criminal behavior is due to personality disturbances are:
A) Occasional delinquents
B) Maladjusted delinquents
C) Gang delinquents
D) Status offenders
  • 39. A gang is best described as:
A) An organized social group with leadership and territory
B) A temporary group of friends
C) A school organization
D) A disorganized gathering
  • 40. The theory that delinquency develops because of disorganized communities was proposed by:
A) Freud and Jung
B) Lombroso and Ferri
C) Shaw and McKay
D) Merton and Agnew
  • 41. The sociologist who studied gang formation and development was:
A) Frederick Thrasher
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Albert Cohen
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 42. The theory explaining that lower-class youths create subcultures due to status frustration was developed by:
A) William Sheldon
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Albert Cohen
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 43. The theory stating that crime occurs when legitimate opportunities are blocked was developed by:
A) Cloward and Ohlin
B) Becker and Lemert
C) Lombroso and Garofalo
D) Freud and Jung
  • 44. The theory that delinquency is natural and must be controlled through socialization was proposed by:
A) Ivan Nye
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Robert Merton
  • 45. The theory explaining how juveniles justify delinquent acts was developed by:
A) Sykes and Matza
B) Lombroso and Ferri
C) Hirschi and Nye
D) Becker and Lemert
  • 46. Saying "It is not my fault" is an example of which technique of neutralization?
A) Denial of responsibility
B) Condemnation of condemners
C) Appeal to higher authority
D) Denial of victim
  • 47. The theory stating that law represents the interests of powerful groups was influenced by:
A) Karl Marx
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) Sigmund Freud
  • 48. The theory explaining conflict between crime norms and conduct norms was developed by:
A) William Bonger
B) Thorsten Sellin
C) George Vold
D) Austin Turk
  • 49. Large families may increase delinquency due to:
A) Lack of supervision
B) Increased education
C) Strong parental bonding
D) Excessive discipline
  • 50. Poor marital adjustment in parents may lead to:
A) Financial stability
B) Child delinquency
C) Academic success
D) Strong discipline
  • 51. Teenage pregnancy often results in:
A) Financial stability
B) Social isolation and economic strain
C) Strong family structure
D) Increased education
  • 52. Which of the following is an example of a status offense?
A) Robbery
B) Murder
C) Truancy
D) Assault
  • 53. Running away from home by a minor is classified as:
A) Criminal offense
B) Public offense
C) Status offense
D) Violent offense
  • 54. The legal principle stating that the state acts as the parent of a child is called:
A) Discernment doctrine
B) Restorative justice
C) Social control
D) Parens patriae
  • 55. The legal principle suggesting that mothers should have custody of children during early years is:
A) Parens patriae
B) Tender years rule
C) Child welfare doctrine
D) Social bond theory
  • 56. A government facility that physically restricts a child while awaiting court decision is called:
A) Rehabilitation center
B) Child welfare office
C) Youth detention center
D) Youth shelter
  • 57. The theory stating that criminals are born with physical abnormalities was proposed by:
A) Albert Cohen
B) Cesare Lombroso
C) Edwin Sutherland
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 58. The theory suggesting body type influences criminal behavior was proposed by:
A) Robert Merton
B) Ernest Hooton
C) William Sheldon
D) Sigmund Freud
  • 59. According to Sheldon, the body type most likely to commit crimes is:
A) Mesomorph
B) Somatomorph
C) Ectomorph
D) Endomorph
  • 60. The psychoanalytic theory of personality was developed by:
A) Durkheim
B) Lombroso
C) Freud
D) Becker
  • 61. The part of personality representing instinctive drives is:
A) Conscience
B) Superego
C) Ego
D) Id
  • 62. The part of personality responsible for rational thinking is:
A) Superego
B) Instinct
C) Id
D) Ego
  • 63. The moral component of personality is called:
A) Instinct
B) Superego
C) Ego
D) Id
  • 64. The concept of anomie refers to:
A) Breakdown of social norms
B) Strong social control
C) Moral behavior
D) Strong family bonds
  • 65. The sociologist who developed the concept of anomie was:
A) Albert Cohen
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Emile Durkheim
  • 66. The idea that deviance becomes part of a person's identity is called:
A) Social bond
B) Anomie
C) Differential association
D) Master status
  • 67. The sociologist associated with the concept of master status is:
A) Robert Merton
B) Howard Becker
C) Edwin Lemert
D) Frank Tannenbaum
  • 68. The theory that laws are created by powerful groups to control weaker groups was proposed by:
A) Albert Cohen
B) George Vold
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Edwin Lemert
  • 69. The theory stating that capitalism encourages crime was proposed by:
A) Frederick Thrasher
B) Thorsten Sellin
C) William Bonger
D) Austin Turk
  • 70. Strong family cohesiveness generally results in:
A) Weak discipline
B) Reduced delinquency
C) Increased conflict
D) Increased delinquency
  • 71. Parents of chronic delinquents often lack:
A) Parenting skills
B) Employment
C) Religious beliefs
D) Education
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