Neuropsych Final Practice Exam #1- Chapter 26

1. _______________ is a condition marked by loss of elasticity and thickening or hardening of arteries that results in dementia.

A) cerebral arteriosclerosis
B) none of the above
C) cerebral embolism
D) transient ischemia
E) cerebral vascular insufficiency

2. ______________is a deficiency in the amount of blood getting to the brain that is often abrupt and associated with fleeting sensations of giddiness or impaired consciousness.

A) cerebral embolism
B) cerebral thrombosis
C) cerebral arteriosclerosis
D) none of the above
E) cerebral vascular insufficiency

3. _______________is the sudden blocking of an artery that often affects the ____________ of the _______side of the brain.

A) none of the above
B) embolism; middle cerebral artery; left
C) angioma; lower cerebral artery; left
D) thrombosis; middle cerebral artery; right
E) angioma; lower cerebral artery; right

4. _______________ are ateriovenous malformations that may lead to stroke due to masses of enlarged cortical cells supplied by one or more arteries and drained by one or more vessels.

A) embolism
B) thrombosis
C) angioma
D) aneurism
E) coup

5. Which of the following is the most common reason for an aneurysm (a vascular dilation resulting from localized defects in the elasticity of a vessel)?

A) arteriosclerosis
B) infections
C) embolisms
D) hypertension
E) congenital defects

6. A severe headache (that may be present for years) due to pressure on the dura mater is the characteristic symptom of

A) none of the above.
B) an angioma.
C) a coup.
D) an aneurysm.
E) a countercoup.

7. A ________ is a bruise/contusion with damage __________.
&
A _________ is an additional bruise/contusion with damage ________________.

A) coup; on the opposite side of the blow; countercoup; at the side of the blow.
B) coup; at the site of the blow; countercoup; on the opposite side of the coup
C) none of the above.
D) countercoup; at the site of the blow; coup; on the opposite side of the countercoup
E) countercoup; at the opposite side of a blow; coup; at the site of the blow.

8. Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Countercoups are related to increased pressure in the brain.
B) Countercoups are secondary to coups.
C) Countercoups, like coups, may damage major fiber tracts (such as the corpus callosum) in the brain and lead to disconnection syndromes.
D) Countercoups are due to the brain being compacted by the bone's pushing inward, even when the skull is not fractured.
E) Closed head injuries can cause the brain to move and twist/shear nerve fibers to commonly produce microscopic lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes.

9. Blows to the head, resulting in closed-head injuries, can cause all of the following EXCEPT

A) edema
B) hemorrhage
C) coma
D) hematoma
E) arteriosclerosis

10. The duration of unconsciousness following a closed-head injury correlates with

A) all of the above
B) inability to concentrate
C) intellectual impairment
D) social skills deficits
E) mortality

11. Closed head injuries characterized by a loss of mental speed, concentration, and efficiency are associated with

A) discrete impairment of specific functions mediated by the cortex at the site of the coup or countercoup.
B) frontal and temporal lobe impacts on personality and social behavior.
C) none of the above.
D) localized hematomas that are classified to particular areas of the brain.
E) tiny lacerations throughout the brain and tears due to hemispheric movement.

12. Which of the following demonstrates the 3 different common manifestations of complex partial seizures?

A) sudden alterations in mood, deja vu, and repetitive sterotyped movements
B) forced repetitive thoughts, catatonia, and frozen posture
C) none of the above
D) catatonia, chewing, and undoing buttons
E) hallucinations, lip smacking, and frozen posture

13. Which of the following is not an example of an automatism?

A) sudden alterations in mood
B) chewing
C) lip smacking
D) undoing buttons
E) repetitive stereotyped movements

14. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main symptoms found in many types of epilepsy?

A) staring off into space
B) spontaneous vocal tics
C) rubbing hands
D) line dancing like there's no tomorrow
E) an odor that warns a seizure is coming on

15. Which type of seizures are bilaterally symmetrical without a focal onset, and are preceded by an aura about 50% of the time?

A) akinetic seizures
B) generalized seizures
C) jacksonian focal seizures
D) complex partial seizures
E) none of the above

16. The stages of a grand mal attack, which is characterized by a loss of consciousness and stereotyped motor activity, go in the following order:

A) 1. tonic stage 2. clonic stage 3. postictal stage
B) 1. postictal stage 2. tonic stage 3. clonic stage
C) 1. clonic stage 2. tonic stage 3. postictal stage
D) 1. clonic stage 2. postictal stage 3. tonic stage
E) none of the above

17. In grand mal attacks,
rhythmic shaking is part of the ______ stage. Depression and confusion are part of the __________ stage. Body stiffening and loss of breathing are part of the _________ stage.

A) tonic; clonic; postictal
B) postictal; clonic; tonic
C) clonic; postictal; tonic
D) tonic; postictal; clonic
E) clonic; tonic; postictal

18. Patient Parack Opama has jerky movements in his finger, that quickly move to his other fingers, then his whole hand, then his harm. He probably is having

A) a jacksonian seizure
B) a petit mal attack
C) a grand mal attack
D) a myoclonic spasm
E) an akinetic seizure

19. Patient Polly Darton was staring off into space and blinking her eyes for a very short duration, with a loss of awareness. She probably had

A) a jacksonian focal seizure
B) none of the above
C) a complex partial seizure
D) a petit pal attack
E) a grand mal attack

20. Sudden, short, unwarned, and potentially dangerous collapses are seen in _________________. Those that start out with a cry and have a sudden extension of the body are seen in _______________.

A) complex partial seizures; complex full seizures
B) all of the above
C) myoclonic spasms; akinetic seizures
D) akinetic seizures; myoclonic spasms
E) petit mal attacks; grand mal attacks

21. complex partial seizures more commonly originate in the ____________ and less frequently originate in the _____________.

A) parietal lobes; frontal lobes
B) occipital lobes; frontal lobes
C) parietal; temporal lobes
D) temporal lobes; frontal lobes
E) frontal lobes; occipital lobes

22. The majority of brain tumors are

A) encapsulated.
B) gliomas.
C) metastatic.
D) meningiomas.

23. Tumors that surround, occupy, or destroy normal neurons and glia are called

A) benign tumors.
B) infiltrating tumors.
C) encapsulated tumors.
D) malignant tumors.
E) none of the above.

24. All of the following are symptoms of neoplasms EXCEPT

A) mental dullness
B) convulsions
C) headache
D) dyslexia
E) double vision

25. Brain tumors grow from ______ and NOT from _______.

A) glia; other supportive cells
B) neurons; glia
C) glia; neurons
D) none of the above
E) neurons; other supportive cells

26. Which of the following treatments is not very successful for brain tumors?

A) none of the above
B) chemotherapy
C) surgery
D) radiation therapy
E) all of the above

27. Which type of tumor can put pressure on the brain and produce seizures?

A) glioma
B) metastatic
C) inflitrating
D) meningioma

28. Choose the correct tumor & characteristics

A) This question is depressing, isn't it? (This isn't the correct answer, BTW)
B) metastatic - encapsulated - usually benign - begin with another part of the body
C) glioma - infiltrating - usually benign - begin with the glia
D) meningioma - encapsulated - usually benign - can erode the skull

29. Which of the following is the most common neurological disorder?

A) motor ataxia
B) speech apraxia
C) aphasia
D) migraine
E) alexia

30. No clear aura but possible gastrointestinal signals that an attack is coming:

A) opthalmologic migraine
B) common migraine
C) cluster headache
D) hemiplegic mygraine
E) classic migraine

31. Which of the following is NOT true

A) Classic migraines usually include a headache with pain lateralized to one side of the head.
B) Classic migraines are due to an increase of blood flow to the posterior cortex that spreads without regard to major blood vessels.
C) The auras in classic migraines are due to constriction of cerebral arteries with ischemia in the occipital cortex.
D) Classic migraines can last for days and cause extreme nausea and vomiting.
E) Some patients with classic migraines experience auras with no headaches.

32. ____________ migraines have to do with loss of movement to the limbs.
____________ migraines have to do with loss of movement of the eyes.
Both are very rare.

A) This answer should pop right out at you.
B) Classic; Cluster
C) Cluster; Common
D) Stinky mittens; Stinky socks
E) Hemiplegic; Opthalmologic

33. Which of the following are symptoms of cerebral infections?

A) disturbances of brain functions and intracranial pressure
B) all of the above
C) vertigo and mental confusion
D) headache and nausea
E) convulsions

34. Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Infections interfere with blood supply to neurons and produce thrombosis, hemorrhaging of capillaries, and choking of large blood vessels.
B) Infections can cause edema that leads to compresison of brain tissues.
C) Infections put pressure on the brain by removing pus through the extracellular fluid.
D) Infections alter neural cell membranes and change the electrical properties and enzymatic processes of neurons.
E) Infections disturb glycose/oxygen metabolism in brain cells severely enough to kill them.

35. Rabies and Polio are examples of ______________ that like the cells of the CNS. Mumps and Herpes are examples of __________ that attack other body tissues and the CNS.

A) neurotropic viruses; pantropic viruses
B) bacterial infections; pantropic viruses
C) parasites; neurotropic viruses
D) pantropic viruses; neurotropic viruses
E) none of the above

36. Amebiasis is ____________ and is characterized by ______________.

A) a viral infection; nonspecific lesions in the brain
B) a parasitic infection; encephalitis & brain abscesses.
C) a mycotic infection; an invasion of the nervous system by a fungus.
D) none of the above
E) a bacterial infection; meningitis & intracranial pressure.

37. Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infectious disease with a special affinity for motor neurons of the spinal cord and cranial nerves. It causes paralysis and wasting of the muscles. A person can die from asphyxia if respiratory centers are attacked.

A) We love the funk. Gotta have that funk.
B) False
C) True

38. Which of the following is false?

A) People are more likely to get Myasthenia Gravis in their 30s.
B) Myasthenia Gravis is the rapid onset of muscular weakness after exercise.
C) In Myasthenia Gravis, there are obvious visible signs of muscle pathology.
D) Myasthenia Gravis is caused by a failure of normal neuromuscular transmission due to lack of muscle receptors for acetylcholine.
E) Myasthenia Gravis is more common in women.

39. Which of the following are not symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?

*note that the cranial nerves are the first to be affected

A) difficulty holding up the head
B) diploplia and limb problems
C) ataxia and difficulty drinking
D) ptosis and difficulty chewing
E) weakness of voice and difficulty swallowing

40. brief, irresistible episodes of NREM sleep that last about 15 minutes and common when bored or after meals.

A) cataplexy
B) sleep paralysis
C) hypnagogic hallucinations
D) sleep attacks

41. Loss of muscle tone and sudden paralysis linked to an attack of REM sleep. Often occurs during times of emotional excitement.

A) hypnagogic hallucinations
B) sleep attacks
C) sleep paralysis
D) cataplexy

42. Which of the following is not true?

A) Narcolepsy effects men and women equally.
B) Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive sleep or brief inappropriate episodes of sleep.
C) Narcolepsy is common in families.
D) Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder.
E) Narcolepsy can be treated with stimulants and tricyclic antidepressants.

43. __________ can be thought of as dreams someone is having while still conscious.

A) Cataplexy
B) Sleep attacks
C) The Disney Channel
D) Hypnagogic hallucinations

44. Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms can cause

A) viral infections
B) happy dance infections
C) bacterial infections
D) mycotic infections
E) parasitic infections

45. the CNS develops bacterial infections via

A) scary ghost monster goblins.
B) herpes.
C) malaria.
D) infestations of bacterium through the bloodstream.

46. In a classic migraine, as _________________ reverses, ______________ takes place.

A) clustering; vasoconstruction
B) vasodilation; vasoconstriction
C) clustering; vasodilation
D) vasoconstriction; vasodilation
E) car; crash

47. brain abscesses

A) are produced by bacteria
B) cause intracranial pressure
C) are secondary to infection elsewhere in the body
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

48. Patient Shevy Shace has pain on one side of his head that comes and goes in 2 hour sets. This pattern seems to continue for a few weeks at a time. He probably has

A) common migraines
B) classic migraines
C) opthalmologic migraines
D) hemiplegic migraines
E) cluster headaches

49. diplopia is

A) bad hearing
B) the name of the best line-dancing monkey in the world.
C) drooping of the eyelid
D) sleepiness
E) double vision

50. Sometimes closed head brain injury can only effect the brain functions at the area of the coup or countercoup.

A) False
B) True
C) I like to eat apples and bananas.

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