Insurrectionary anarchism - Quiz
Insurrectionary anarchism
  • 1. What is insurrectionary anarchism?
A) A branch of state-sponsored socialism focused on nationalizing industries
B) A revolutionary theory and tendency emphasizing insurrection as a revolutionary practice
C) A political party that participates in parliamentary elections
D) A peaceful philosophical society that avoids all political action
  • 2. How do insurrectionary anarchists view formal organizations like labor unions and federations?
A) They consider them the ultimate model for a future society
B) They are critical of them because they are based on political programs and periodic congresses
C) They believe every anarchist should lead them
D) They fund and actively manage them
  • 3. What type of organization do insurrectionary anarchists advocate instead of formal structures?
A) Global parliamentary federations
B) Hierarchical military-style command chains
C) Large bureaucratic trade unions
D) Informal and small affinity group-based organization
  • 4. What core concepts do insurrectionary anarchists put value in?
A) Attack, permanent class conflict, and a refusal to negotiate or compromise with class enemies
B) Diplomacy, electoral politics, and peaceful legislative reforms
C) Collective bargaining, arbitration, and legal strikes
D) Compromise, patience, and collaboration with state authorities
  • 5. With which movement is insurrectionary anarchism historically closely associated?
A) The British Fabian society
B) The Italian anarchist movement
C) The Russian Bolshevik party
D) The American Federalist movement
  • 6. Which groups are mentioned as having conducted bombing campaigns linked to insurrectionary anarchism?
A) The Galleanisti and Informal Anarchist Federation (FAI)
B) The Red Army Faction and Weather Underground
C) The Carbonari and the Young Italy movement
D) The Industrial Workers of the World and the Knights of Labor
  • 7. Who wrote the 1845 book The Ego and Its Own, which served as an early inspiration?
A) Marcus Graham
B) Max Stirner
C) Errico Malatesta
D) Luigi Galleani
  • 8. How did Max Stirner distinguish between 'revolution' and 'insurrection'?
A) Revolution focuses on technology, while insurrection focuses on labor unions
B) Revolution aims for a new arrangement of society by a state, while insurrection aims to reject such arrangements and achieve free self-organisation
C) Revolution is violent, while insurrection is entirely peaceful and legal
D) Revolution is carried out by individuals, while insurrection is organized by governments
  • 9. During the 1870s, what did Italian anarchists initially mean by 'propaganda of the deed'?
A) Small direct actions that would inspire others to carry out acts of insurrection
B) Running for public office to change laws from within
C) Writing detailed theoretical books about economics
D) Raising funds to build charitable hospitals and schools
  • 10. What did insurrectionists view every riot or rebellion as?
A) An inevitable failure caused by poor police planning
B) A kind of 'revolutionary gymnastics' leading to a generalised social revolution
C) A dangerous distraction from proper trade union work
D) A purely cultural event without political meaning
  • 11. Which French President was assassinated by Italian individualist anarchists during the 1890s?
A) Armand Fallières
B) Sadi Carnot
C) Emile Loubet
D) Raymond Poincaré
  • 12. Which Spanish Prime Minister was assassinated during the 1890s by Italian individualist anarchists?
A) José Canalejas
B) Eduardo Dato
C) Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
D) Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
  • 13. Which Austrian Empress was killed as part of the assassinations carried out by Italian individualist anarchists in the 1890s?
A) Archduchess Sophie
B) Maria Theresa
C) Empress Sisi of Hungary
D) Elisabeth Wittelsbach
  • 14. Which Italian King was assassinated during the 1890s wave of individualist anarchist attacks?
A) Victor Emmanuel II
B) Umberto Savoy
C) Carlo Alberto
D) Victor Emmanuel III
  • 15. How did the question of organisation divide the Italian anarchist movement?
A) Between those wanting a monarchy and those wanting a republic
B) Between syndicalists advocating labour organisation and insurrectionists emphasizing violent and illegal direct action
C) Between religious radicals and secular humanists
D) Between rural farmers and urban factory owners
  • 16. What specific criticism did insurrectionary anarchists direct at the movement's reformist and activist tendencies?
A) They refused to cooperate with capitalist corporations
B) They spent too much time reading Max Stirner
C) They were too violent and reckless
D) They failed to take 'immediate action'
  • 17. Which pro-organisationalists considered the insurrectionists to really constitute a tendency of individualist anarchism?
A) Luigi Galleani and Marcus Graham
B) Francesco Saverio Merlino and Errico Malatesta
C) Max Stirner and Sadi Carnot
D) Sacco and Vanzetti
  • 18. Why did pro-organisationalists view insurrectionists as a form of individualist anarchism?
A) Because they worked closely with individual factory owners
B) Due to their belief in individual sovereignty and natural law
C) Because they wanted to establish private property rights
D) Because they rejected all forms of reading and writing
  • 19. Who promoted insurrectionary anarchism in the United States through the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva?
A) Errico Malatesta
B) Luigi Galleani
C) Francesco Saverio Merlino
D) Marcus Graham
  • 20. Why did Luigi Galleani oppose anarchist participation in the labour movement?
A) He felt it displayed reformist tendencies and a receptiveness to corruption
B) He was paid by factory owners to break up strikes
C) He believed workers were already too wealthy to care about revolution
D) He wanted workers to focus exclusively on agricultural production
  • 21. With which union did Galleani enter into a fierce polemic during the 1912 Lawrence textile strike?
A) The American Federation of Labor (AFL)
B) The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
C) The Knights of Labor
D) The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
  • 22. How did outside observers generally view the different anarchist factions during the conflicts surrounding strikes?
A) As part of the same 'amorphous inscrutable threat'
B) As loyal supporters of the American government
C) As peaceful legal reformers seeking better wages
D) As a legitimate branch of the local police force
  • 23. What triggered the Galleanists to initiate a violent campaign against the American government?
A) The passing of a new tax law on small businesses
B) The closing of public libraries in New York
C) Political repression following American entry into WWI and the killing of Italian anarchists by police
D) The election of a new conservative president
  • 24. What specific event preceded the Galleanists' reprisal attack that caused a wave of arrests?
A) A peaceful labor protest was broken up by National Guard troops
B) Some Italian anarchists were killed by police for tearing down an American flag
C) Several Italian immigrants were denied entry at Ellis Island
D) An anarchist newspaper office was burned down by unknown vigilantes
  • 25. What type of bombs did the Galleanists send to industrialists, politicians, and lawyers?
A) Timed explosive devices hidden in books
B) Dynamite packages left on doorsteps
C) Letter bombs
D) Car bombs
  • 26. What was the result of the Galleanists' letter-bomb campaign targeting industrialists, politicians, and lawyers?
A) They killed multiple high-ranking politicians and industrialists
B) They successfully destroyed several major government buildings
C) None hit their targets, injuring a housekeeper and accidentally killing an insurrectionist conspirator
D) They were intercepted before leaving the post office without incident
  • 27. What event did the Galleanist bombings serve as justification for?
A) The entry of the United States into World War II
B) The repression of the 1919 strike wave
C) The creation of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
D) The passage of the Prohibition amendment
  • 28. On what charges were the Italian anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti arrested?
A) Arson and tax evasion
B) Treason and espionage
C) Armed robbery
D) Counterfeiting currency
  • 29. How did the Galleanists respond to the arrest of Sacco and Vanzetti?
A) By carrying out the Wall Street bombing, which killed 38 people
B) By negotiating a pardon with the governor of Massachusetts
C) By raising money to hire the best corporate defense lawyers
D) By launching a peaceful petition drive signed by millions
  • 30. What publication did the Galleanists begin in 1922 to encourage breaking Sacco and Vanzetti out of prison?
A) Cronaca Sovversiva
B) L'Adunata dei refrattari
C) Man!
D) L'Emancipazione
  • 31. What did L'Adunata dei refrattari encourage its readers to do regarding Sacco and Vanzetti?
A) Raise funds to pay off the judges overseeing the trial
B) Write letters of appeal to international human rights courts
C) Organize a nationwide general strike in the manufacturing sector
D) Break the pair out of prison and carry out retributive violence against responsible state officials
  • 32. How did political repression primarily affect the insurrectionary anarchist movement?
A) It forced them to merge with mainstream political parties
B) It led them to form a legal lobbying group in Washington
C) It caused them to abandon anarchist theory entirely and embrace capitalism
D) It drove the movement underground to operate on a conspiratorial basis
  • 33. Where did Marcus Graham move during the late 1920s to become involved with insurrectionary anarchists?
A) San Francisco
B) Boston
C) Chicago
D) New York City
  • 34. Around which newspaper did Marcus Graham become involved in San Francisco?
A) Fifth Estate
B) L'Emancipazione
C) Cronaca Sovversiva
D) L'Adunata dei refrattari
  • 35. Why did the newspaper L'Emancipazione shift to publications in the English language during the late 1920s?
A) Because Marcus Graham did not know how to read Italian
B) Because the government banned the use of foreign languages
C) Because the Great Depression limited their capacity
D) Because Italian immigrants had all returned to Europe
  • 36. In January 1933, what newspaper was established to revive the Galleanism of the previous decade?
A) Cronaca Sovversiva
B) L'Adunata dei refrattari
C) Man!
D) L'Emancipazione
  • 37. According to Marcus Graham and his collaborators in Man!, how was the social revolution to be built?
A) By building massive industrial trade unions that could seize factories
B) Through the creation of state-run cooperative enterprises
C) Through winning a majority in parliamentary elections
D) On individuals achieving enlightenment that would break them from law, custom, and sham creeds
  • 38. How did the newspaper Man! view syndicalism and the labour movement?
A) As an outdated concept that needed to be modernized with new technology
B) As inherently authoritarian, frequently criticising union officials for corruption
C) As the primary engine of human liberation and equality
D) As a useful partner for achieving state-sponsored welfare reform
  • 39. What early precursor to anarcho-primitivism was formulated by Marcus Graham in Man!?
A) A criticism of technology and a call for the destruction of civilisation
B) A proposal to replace currency with digital cryptocurrencies
C) An argument in favor of industrial automation and factory work
D) A demand for the return of feudal land ownership structures
  • 40. Which two periodicals acted as the main expressions of insurrectionary anarchism throughout the 1930s?
A) Man! and L'Adunata dei refrattari
B) Cronaca Sovversiva and L'Emancipazione
C) Fifth Estate and Cronaca Sovversiva
D) L'Emancipazione and Fifth Estate
  • 41. What happened to the newspaper Man! in 1939?
A) It voluntarily shut down after achieving all of its revolutionary goals
B) It merged with a major labor union publication to increase its readership
C) It was bought out by a wealthy industrialist and turned into a commercial magazine
D) It ceased publication following Marcus Graham's arrest due to increasing police repression
  • 42. By the 1940s, what was the status of the insurrectionary anarchist movement?
A) It had completely vanished with no surviving groups anywhere
B) It had transformed into a peaceful educational foundation
C) It was only a marginal force concentrated around L'Adunata dei refrattari in New York
D) It had grown into the dominant political force in North America
  • 43. Which publication finally succeeded L'Adunata dei refrattari in the early 1970s?
A) L'Emancipazione
B) Man!
C) Cronaca Sovversiva
D) Fifth Estate
  • 44. What type of publication was Fifth Estate, which succeeded L'Adunata dei refrattari?
A) A government-backed agricultural journal
B) A mainstream capitalist daily newspaper
C) An anti-authoritarian publication
D) A religious missionary bulletin
  • 45. What did insurrectionary anarchists refuse to do with 'class enemies'?
A) Share meals or living spaces
B) Engage in polite conversation
C) Negotiate or compromise
D) Read their books or newspapers
  • 46. What form of action did insurrectionary anarchists emphasize in contrast to reformism?
A) Writing petitions to the monarch or president
B) Founding cooperative grocery stores and credit unions
C) Peaceful lobbying and voting in general elections
D) Violent and illegal forms of self-organised direct action
  • 47. Who was Francesco Saverio Merlino in relation to the insurrectionary movement?
A) A pro-organisationalist who considered insurrectionists to be a tendency of individualist anarchism
B) An industrialist who received letter bombs from the Galleanists
C) A famous Italian king assassinated by insurrectionists in the 1890s
D) The founder of the newspaper Man! in San Francisco
  • 48. What year was Max Stirner's book The Ego and Its Own published?
A) 1912
B) 1890
C) 1845
D) 1870
  • 49. What specific activity did Luigi Galleani's newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva promote?
A) Marxist-Leninist state socialism
B) Social democratic welfare policies
C) American constitutional federalism
D) Insurrectionary anarchism
  • 50. What network carried out propaganda of the deed throughout North America following Galleani's teachings?
A) A massive bureaucratic trade union with thousands of dues-paying members
B) A network of Galleanist cells usually consisting of close-knit individuals
C) A charitable organization funded by wealthy philanthropists
D) An open political party running candidates for local government
  • 51. Who published the book Armed Joy in 1977?
A) Costantino Cavalleri
B) Alfredo Bonanno
C) Romano Prodi
D) Wolfi Landstreicher
  • 52. What did the book Armed Joy espouse a critique of?
A) Globalisation
B) Work
C) Capitalism
D) Technology
  • 53. What was the status of Bonanno's proposed Anti-Authoritarian Insurrectionist International?
A) Highly successful
B) Stillborn
C) Globally recognized
D) Temporarily active
  • 54. When did the attacks by insurrectionary anarchists escalate into bombings and assaults?
A) Early 1970s
B) Late 2000s
C) Early 1980s
D) Late 1990s
  • 55. When did four insurrectionist groups merge into the Informal Anarchist Federation (FAI)?
A) December 2012
B) December 1977
C) December 1990
D) December 2003
  • 56. Who was the European President targeted by FAI letter bombs upon their formation?
A) Wolfi Landstreicher
B) Alfredo Cospito
C) Romano Prodi
D) Alfredo Bonanno
  • 57. What company's executive was kneecapped by a cell of the FAI in 2012?
A) Enel
B) Ansaldo Nucleare
C) Telecom Italia
D) Fiat
  • 58. Which arrested attacker was among those caught in the wave of arrests following the 2012 kneecapping?
A) Costantino Cavalleri
B) Wolfi Landstreicher
C) Romano Prodi
D) Alfredo Cospito
  • 59. What state did the FAI briefly enter following the wave of arrests in 2012?
A) Total dissolution
B) Absolute surrender
C) International merger
D) Operational stasis
  • 60. How many violent attacks did the FAI claim over a decade of active operations?
A) 10
B) 50
C) 100
D) 20
  • 61. How many deaths were caused by the FAI over their decade of active operations?
A) Two
B) Fifty
C) Ten
D) Zero
  • 62. According to the Italian government, who are insurrectionary anarchists considered second only to in dangerousness?
A) Islamic terrorists
B) Right-wing extremists
C) Red Brigades
D) Drug cartels
  • 63. What did the FAI and the Conspiracy of Cells of Fire launch together?
A) Black International
B) Red International
C) Global Anarchist Front
D) Anti-Authoritarian Insurrectionist International
  • 64. Which nationalist took up parts of Bonanno's insurrectionary programme?
A) Wolfi Landstreicher
B) Alfredo Cospito
C) Costantino Cavalleri
D) Romano Prodi
  • 65. What is Costantino Cavalleri's nationality or regional affiliation?
A) Italian
B) Greek
C) American
D) Sardinian
  • 66. Which American individualist took up parts of Bonanno's insurrectionary programme?
A) Costantino Cavalleri
B) Romano Prodi
C) Wolfi Landstreicher
D) Alfredo Bonanno
  • 67. What did insurrectionary anarchists ultimately fail to develop for the Occupy movement?
A) A financial backing system
B) A media relations team
C) A long-term strategy
D) A legal defense fund
  • 68. Which principle is generally upheld by insurrectionary anarchism?
A) Anti-authoritarianism
B) State centralism
C) Representative democracy
D) Pro-nationalism
  • 69. Which economic system does insurrectionary anarchism oppose?
A) Gift economies
B) Mutual aid
C) Worker cooperatives
D) Capitalism
  • 70. What religious or clerical stance does insurrectionary anarchism hold?
A) Pro-clericalism
B) Anti-clericalism
C) Theocratic alignment
D) State religion support
  • 71. Which form of imperialism is rejected by insurrectionary anarchism?
A) Only economic imperialism
B) Foreign military alliances
C) Only cultural imperialism
D) All imperialism
  • 72. What is the stance of insurrectionary anarchism regarding militarism?
A) Advocacy for standing armies
B) Anti-militarism
C) Support for conscription
D) National defense funding
  • 73. With which environmental movement has insurrectionary anarchism historically combined?
A) Eco-taxation
B) Green capitalism
C) Conservation reform
D) Radical environmentalism
  • 74. Which struggle has been historically combined with insurrectionary anarchism?
A) National liberation struggles
B) Imperial conquest
C) Colonial expansion
D) State consolidation
  • 75. How many basic types of direct action do insurrectionary anarchists generally undertake?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Three
D) Five
  • 76. What do insurrectionary anarchists consider participating in action to be a source of?
A) Sorrow
B) Boredom
C) Joy
D) Regret
  • 77. What decision-making process do insurrectionist groups utilise?
A) Parliamentary procedure
B) Majority voting
C) Executive decree
D) Consensus decision-making
  • 78. To what model has the insurrectionist organisational model been compared?
A) Leaderless resistance
B) Representative syndicalism
C) Vanguard partyism
D) Democratic centralism
  • 79. What degree of pluralism does the leaderless resistance model foster?
A) Ideological pluralism
B) Economic nationalism
C) Religious fundamentalism
D) Political conformity
  • 80. What is hampered by the compartmentalised structure of informal organisations?
A) Emotional release
B) Property destruction
C) Information sharing
D) Personal joy
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