A) Study of police equipment B) Scientific study of crime and criminal behavior C) Study of punishment only D) Study of government laws only
A) Jeremy Bentham B) Cesare Beccaria C) Edwin Sutherland D) Cesare Lombroso
A) Enrico Ferri B) Raffaele Garofalo C) Cesare Lombroso D) Cesare Beccaria
A) Jeremy Bentham B) Raffaele Garofalo C) Edwin Sutherland D) Travis Hirschi
A) Political campaigns B) Business management C) Criminal behavior and crime D) Weather conditions
A) Sociology B) Penology C) Anthropology D) Victimology
A) Psychology B) Biology C) Victimology D) Penology
A) Any act considered impolite B) Any violation of family rules C) An act or omission punishable by law D) Any behavior disliked by a person
A) A court judgment B) A police investigation C) Only a serious criminal offense D) Behavior that violates social norms
A) Returning to criminal behavior B) Committing a crime for the first time C) Reporting a crime D) Becoming a crime victim
A) Sociology B) Chemistry C) Physics D) Astronomy
A) Political science B) Geology C) Economics D) Psychology
A) Biology B) Philosophy C) Sociology D) History
A) It uses knowledge from several academic fields B) It focuses only on police officers C) It studies laws only D) It excludes social sciences
A) Eliminate all courts B) Reduce the likelihood of crime C) Punish every suspicious person D) Increase criminal opportunities
A) Increasing punishment in every case B) Helping offenders change and reintegrate into society C) Ignoring criminal behavior D) Preventing victims from reporting crimes
A) Discouraging crime through the threat or experience of sanctions B) Encouraging criminal activity C) Studying fingerprints D) Removing criminal laws
A) Any unusual behavior B) Any violation of fashion trends C) Any disagreement D) Behavior that violates criminal law
A) The process of sentencing judges B) The process of becoming a victim of crime or harm C) The rehabilitation of offenders D) The study of police ranks
A) Designing buildings B) Understanding crime patterns and causes C) Studying planets D) Predicting the weather
A) Classical School B) Positivist School C) Biological School D) Chicago School
A) Positivist School B) Classical School C) Legal School D) Historical School
A) Cesare Lombroso B) Enrico Ferri C) Cesare Beccaria D) Raffaele Garofalo
A) 1750 B) 1764 C) 1789 D) 1804
A) Robert Merton B) Cesare Lombroso C) Jeremy Bentham D) Edwin Sutherland
A) Free will alone B) Economic inequality alone C) Biological characteristics associated with criminality D) Social learning alone
A) Enrico Ferri B) Travis Hirschi C) Jeremy Bentham D) Cesare Beccaria
A) Jeremy Bentham B) Robert Merton C) Raffaele Garofalo D) Edwin Sutherland
A) Crime is always accidental B) People have no ability to make choices C) All crime is inherited D) People can make choices and consider consequences
A) Unlimited B) Based only on public anger C) Based only on public anger D) Proportionate to the offense
A) Edwin Sutherland B) Cesare Lombroso C) Jeremy Bentham D) Travis Hirschi
A) Fingerprint classification B) Promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number C) Biological inheritance D) Police patrol schedules
A) Legal School B) Moral School C) Classical School D) Positivist School
A) All offenders are biologically identical B) Punishment should never be imposed C) Individual circumstances may affect responsibility and punishment D) Crime has no consequences
A) Discourage future offending B) Reward criminal behavior C) Increase social conflict D) Discourage future offending
A) Reintegration B) General deterrence C) Rehabilitation D) Restitution
A) Specific deterrence B) General deterrence C) Victimology D) Social disorganization
A) Restorative justice B) Rehabilitation C) Incapacitation D) Retribution
A) Biological determinism B) Restorative justice C) General deterrence D) Social disorganization
A) Crime can be examined through evidence and multiple explanations B) All criminals have the same personality C) Crime is caused by one factor only D) Opinions are more important than evidence
A) Robert Merton B) Edwin Sutherland C) Travis Hirschi D) Cesare Lombroso
A) Criminal behavior can be learned through interaction with others B) Crime is unrelated to social interaction C) Punishment causes all crime D) Crime is always inherited
A) Travis Hirschi B) Edwin Sutherland C) Raffaele Garofalo D) Jeremy Bentham
A) Biological inheritance B) Involvement C) Commitment D) Attachment
A) Punishment, prison, trial, and appeal B) Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief C) Poverty, anger, fear, and stress D) Biology, climate, geography, and age
A) Jeremy Bentham B) Cesare Beccaria C) Robert K. Merton D) Travis Hirschi
A) Everyone has equal access to opportunities B) There is a gap between culturally valued goals and legitimate means C) All laws are removed D) Police officers change assignments
A) Cesare Lombroso B) Edwin Sutherland C) Émile Durkheim D) Jeremy Bentham
A) Punishment is the only cause of crime B) Community conditions and weakened social organization can affect crime C) Crime depends only on an individual's height D) Criminal behavior is always inherited
A) Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay B) Beccaria and Bentham C) Hirschi and Sutherland D) Lombroso and Garofalo
A) Punishment is never useful B) Visible disorder, if left unaddressed, may contribute to further disorder and crime C) Crime is exclusively genetic D) All broken windows cause serious crime
A) Shaw and McKay B) James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling C) Beccaria and Bentham D) Sutherland and Hirschi
A) How societal labels and reactions may influence identity and behavior B) The biological traits of offenders C) The chemical composition of evidence D) The structure of police vehicles
A) Robert Merton B) Howard S. Becker C) Jeremy Bentham D) Émile Durkheim
A) Criminal behavior is always learned at school B) Crime occurs when a motivated offender, suitable target, and absence of a capable guardian converge C) Crime is caused only by biological traits D) All crime results from poverty
A) Lombroso and Ferri B) Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson C) Shaw and McKay D) Beccaria and Bentham
A) Offenders may weigh perceived costs and benefits when making decisions B) People never consider consequences C) All crime is accidental D) Criminal behavior cannot be studied
A) All laws affect everyone equally in every circumstance B) Power differences and social inequality can shape laws and criminal justice C) Crime has only biological causes D) Crime occurs only in rural areas
A) Punishment is always ineffective B) Behavior can be learned through observation, imitation, and reinforcement C) Society has no influence on behavior D) Crime is determined only by eye color
A) Only crime-scene evidence B) Only juvenile offenses C) How offending and related factors change throughout a person's life D) Only prison architecture
A) Only traffic violations B) Only juvenile delinquency C) Only street fighting D) Offenses committed in occupational or professional settings
A) Jeremy Bentham B) Travis Hirschi C) Cesare Beccaria D) Edwin H. Sutherland
A) Coordinated criminal activity by a group or network B) A lawful neighborhood meeting C) A single accidental mistake D) Any disagreement between friends
A) Crime involving computers, digital systems, or networks B) Any violation of school rules C) Crime committed only in public parks D) Any crime involving paper documents
A) Unlawful behavior by minors, subject to applicable juvenile justice laws B) Crimes committed exclusively by adults C) Only traffic enforcement D) Only corporate fraud
A) Deception used to obtain an unlawful or unfair benefit B) A type of fingerprint C) A lawful exchange D) An accidental injury
A) A lawful business transaction B) Reporting a lost item C) A traffic accident D) Unlawful entry into a building or structure with the legally required criminal intent
A) Losing personal belongings B) Taking property through force or intimidation, as defined by law C) Borrowing property with permission D) Refusing to sign a contract
A) Reporting a missing person B) Damaging a public road C) Giving property away D) Unlawfully taking property belonging to another
A) Taking a vehicle without permission B) Unlawfully setting fire to property C) Making a false statement D) Forging a signature
A) category often associated with occupational or financial wrongdoing B) A type of juvenile court C) A crime category based solely on physical violence D) A police rank
A) The victim's personal history B) The sentence imposed by a judge C) The method or pattern used to carry out an offense D) The police officer's rank
A) Prove guilt by itself B) Infer possible offender characteristics from crime-related information C) Automatically determine a sentence D) Replace all physical evidence
A) A court's building design B) A single unverified rumor C) A suspect's clothing style D) A pattern of change in crime over time
A) Crimes that occur but are not reported to or recorded by authorities B) Crimes committed only in cities C) Crimes involving black clothing D) Crimes committed only at night
A) A type of criminal sentence B) A debated concept examining whether a victim's actions contributed to the sequence of events leading to victimization C) A method of collecting fingerprints D) A form of police patrol
A) Re-arrest, reconviction, or reincarceration, depending on the measure used B) Number of police stations in a city C) Number of crime-scene photographs D) Number of courtrooms
A) A place with no recorded offenses B) A location used only for training C) A geographic area with a relatively high concentration of crime D) A police headquarters
A) To eliminate the need for courts B) To replace criminal law C) To develop evidence-based understanding of crime D) To prove every suspect guilty
A) A summary of previous studies only B) Data collected firsthand by the researcher C) A historical textbook D) Information copied from an encyclopedia
A) Reading a dictionary B) Conducting a survey with respondents C) Reading a published review article D) Reviewing a textbook
A) Data always collected through experiments B) Information that has never been recorded C) Only data from interviews D) Existing information originally collected or compiled by others
A) A police report number B) A criminal sentence C) A final court decision D) A testable statement or prediction about a relationship or phenomenon
A) A court procedure B) Proof that one variable causes another in every case C) A type of criminal offense D) A statistical relationship between variables
A) Yes, always B) No, because correlation cannot be measured C) Yes, when two variables are measured D) No, correlation alone does not establish causation
A) A subset of a population selected for study B) The complete population in every study C) A research conclusion D) A statistical formula
A) Selecting participants using a chance-based method B) Selecting participants based on appearance C) Selecting only people who agree with the researcher D) Selecting only the researcher's friends
A) Forcing a person to answer a questionnaire B) Publishing participants' private information C) Hiding the purpose of a study D) Voluntary agreement after receiving adequate information about participation
A) Allowing anyone to access the raw data B) Sharing all participant information publicly C) Protecting participants' information from unauthorized disclosure D) Publishing respondents' names without permission
A) Punishing all community members B) Replacing all criminal laws C) Police and community members working together to address public safety concerns D) Police working without public contact
A) Eliminating community participation B) Studying offenders' childhoods only C) Increasing opportunities for offending D) Reducing opportunities for crime by changing situations and environments
A) Installing better lighting and access controls in a vulnerable area B) Leaving valuable property unsecured C) Removing security measures D) Ignoring repeated thefts
A) Paying compensation to a victim B) Restricting an offender's ability to commit certain crimes, such as through lawful imprisonment C) Teaching offenders a new skill D) Conducting a victim survey
A) Removing all community support B) Supporting a person's return to community life after a period of justice-system involvement C) Increasing social exclusion permanently D) Preventing former offenders from finding lawful work
A) Police officers determine guilt without a trial B) An accused person is presumed innocent unless guilt is established according to law C) Witness statements are always false D) Every accused person is automatically guilty
A) Punishing people without legal procedures B) Replacing all social institutions C) Preventing and responding to crime while administering justice under the law D) Deciding cases based only on rumors
A) Using the same intervention regardless of results B) Using assumptions instead of data C) Applying approaches supported by reliable research and evaluation D) Following rumors without verification
A) Improving understanding of crime and supporting effective, fair crime prevention and justice B) Understanding police ranks only C) Memorizing criminal names only D) Learning how to avoid all laws
A) Social Bond Theory B) Routine Activity Theory C) Labeling Theory D) Conflict Theory
A) Social Disorganization Theory B) Differential Association Theory C) Rational Choice Theory D) Deterrence Theory |