Abiogenesis - Quiz
A) Stanley Miller B) Alexander Oparin C) Charles Darwin D) Herbert Spencer
A) 1924 B) 1871 C) 1864 D) 1952
A) A protein compound B) A nucleic acid C) A carbohydrate chain D) A lipid bilayer
A) Temperatures are too high today B) There is too much oxygen present today C) Ultraviolet radiation destroys it today D) Present-day living creatures would devour or absorb it
A) Stanley Miller and Harold Urey B) Alexander Oparin and J. B. S. Haldane C) Herbert Spencer and William Turner Thiselton-Dyer D) J. D. Bernal and Joseph Hooker
A) Molten lava and sulfur B) A hot dilute soup C) A concentrated ammonia solution D) Pure liquid methane
A) Harold Urey B) J. D. Bernal C) Herbert Spencer D) Joseph Hooker
A) Four B) Five C) Two D) Three
A) The formation of the primitive atmosphere B) The origin of biological monomers C) The evolution from molecules to cells D) The origin of biological polymers
A) The origin of biological polymers B) The condensation of gas clouds C) The evolution from molecules to cells D) The origin of biological monomers
A) The creation of stellar nucleosynthesis B) The evolution from molecules to cells C) The origin of biological polymers D) The origin of biological monomers
A) 1924 B) 1967 C) 1952 D) 1871
A) Magnetic pulses B) Intense heat C) Ultraviolet radiation D) An electric current
A) Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and neon B) Hydrogen, oxygen, and ozone C) Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and helium D) Methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor
A) Amino acids B) Phospholipids C) Monosaccharides D) Nucleotides
A) The complete absence of water vapor B) A massive presence of atmospheric oxygen C) The existence of modern prokaryotic cells D) A physical-chemical explanation for sources and sinks for free energy
A) Frozen and solid B) Weakly reducing or neutral C) Extremely oxygen-rich D) Completely oxidizing
A) Lithium and helium B) Ammonia and methane gas C) Phosphoric salts and sulfur D) Iron and carbonate minerals
A) Stratospheric clouds and subterranean caves B) Outer space and deep-sea hydrothermal vents C) Volcanic craters and shallow freshwater lakes D) Desert sand dunes and glacial ice sheets
A) 1.8 billion years ago B) 20 billion years ago C) 4.6 billion years ago (4.6 Gya) D) 14 billion years ago (14 Gya)
A) Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen B) Iron, nickel, and silicon C) Sodium, potassium, and calcium D) Hydrogen, helium, and lithium
A) Through sudden chemical reactions in primordial soup B) By volcanic eruptions on early planets C) Via the cooling of liquid water oceans D) Gravitational accretion at the hot and dense centers of rotating protostellar disks
A) Planetary accretion B) Radioactive decay C) Photosynthesis D) Stellar nucleosynthesis
A) Hydrogen-1 B) Lithium-7 C) Carbon-12 D) Iron-56
A) Inside white dwarf stars B) During the nebular condensation of the Sun C) During supernovas at the end of a star's lifecycle D) During the Big Bang itself
A) Carbon B) Oxygen C) Iron D) Hydrogen
A) Neutron stars B) White dwarf stars C) Protostars D) Red supergiant stars
A) Ejection of heavier elements like carbon and oxygen by white dwarf stars B) The cooling of pure hydrogen gas clouds C) Electric currents passing through ammonia D) The activity of deep-sea hydrothermal vents
A) 1.8 Gya B) 10 Gya C) 14 Gya D) 4.6 Gya
A) The sudden cooling of the primordial soup B) A massive supernova explosion nearby C) The fusion of lithium and helium in open space D) Gravitational collapse of part of a giant molecular cloud
A) A white dwarf B) The Sun C) Jupiter D) The Earth
A) A stellar nursery B) A warm little pond C) A protoplanetary disk D) A primordial ocean
A) Constant energy consumption and growth. B) Metabolic reactions and cellular self-assembly. C) Reproduction with heritable variations. D) The translation of RNA into functional proteins.
A) Longest universal common ancestor. B) Last universal common ancestor. C) Latest universal cellular assembler. D) Last unicellular common assemblage.
A) A free-floating viral cluster. B) A complex anaerobic animal. C) A single-celled organism. D) A multicellular marine plant.
A) The Calvin cycle. B) The Wood–Ljungdahl metabolic pathway. C) The Krebs cycle. D) Glycolysis.
A) ATP synthase. B) RNA ribozyme. C) DNA polymerase. D) Aminoacyl transferase.
A) Only in artificial laboratory simulations B) Only in extraterrestrial environments C) Yes D) No
A) Aerobic respiration. B) Biological evolution. C) DNA replication. D) Prebiotic synthesis.
A) Readily understood. B) Disputed in detail. C) Impossible to track. D) Completely mysterious.
A) Astrobiology. B) Biochemistry. C) Paleontology. D) Geology.
A) Why other planets lack liquid water. B) How modern DNA polymerase replicates without errors. C) How all these chemicals came into being. D) How multicellular animals evolved from plants.
A) Abiogenesis is the only term B) Cytogenesis C) Biopoiesis D) Biosynthesis
A) Lipids B) Amino acids C) Nucleic acids D) Carbohydrates
A) 60 B) 12 C) 355 D) 1000
A) 60 B) 355 C) 5000 D) 100
A) Greenland B) Western Australia C) Quebec D) South Africa
A) 17th century B) 20th century C) 18th century D) 19th century
A) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek B) Francesco Redi C) Thomas Browne D) Robert Hooke
A) Microorganisms B) Fossils C) Plant roots D) Mammalian organs
A) 1660s B) 1700s C) 1650s D) 1680s
A) Francesco Redi B) Robert Hooke C) Thomas Browne D) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
A) Micrographia B) Origin of Species C) Principia Mathematica D) Pseudodoxia Epidemica
A) Thomas Browne B) Anaxagoras C) Robert Hooke D) Francesco Redi
A) Evolution B) Panspermia C) Abiogenesis D) Spontaneous generation
A) Aristotle B) Anaxagoras C) Francesco Redi D) Thomas Browne
A) Venus B) Jupiter C) Mars D) Saturn
A) Hadean B) Phanerozoic C) Archean D) Proterozoic
A) T Tauri B) Narryer C) Theia D) Imbrium
A) The primary atmosphere B) The liquid oceans C) The continental crust D) The magnetic field
A) 7.0 B) 8.2 C) 5.5 D) 4.0
A) A sterile, frozen expanse of ice and rock B) A calm, neutral layer of inert gases C) A highly oxygenated greenhouse environment D) A gigantic, productive outdoor chemical laboratory
A) Red giant stage B) Supernova stage C) Main sequence stage D) T Tauri stage
A) Late Heavy Bombardment hypothesis B) Moon-forming impact hypothesis C) Primary atmosphere accretion hypothesis D) Abiotic chemistry hypothesis
A) Exactly five meters B) Less than one meter C) More than one hundred meters D) More than ten meters
A) 20–40 °C B) 0–10 °C C) 100–150 °C D) 200–250 °C
A) Advanced cellular fossilization B) Photosynthetic oxidation by cyanobacteria C) Rapid biological evolution D) Abiotic processes in silica-rich waters
A) Akilia Island, southwestern Greenland B) Northern Quebec C) Western Australia D) Jack Hills
A) Garnet crystals B) Pyrite crystals C) Zircon crystals D) Quartz crystals
A) Jack Hills zircons B) Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt microbialites C) Isua supracrustal belt garnet crystals D) Dresser Formation stromatolites
A) Banded iron formations B) Microbialites C) Silica-rich chemical gardens D) Stromatolites
A) Fungi and lichens B) Deep-sea archaea C) Hydrothermal vent bacteria D) Cyanobacteria
A) Molecular clocking B) Abiotic precipitation C) Pseudo-panspermia D) Stellar nucleosynthesis
A) Extreme cold B) Solar flares C) Ionizing radiation D) Magnetic fields
A) Glucose B) Guanine C) Ribose D) Methionine
A) Leucine B) Valine C) Alanine D) Glycine
A) 10 million tons B) 5 million tons C) 1,000 tons D) 40,000 tons
A) Nucleotides B) Water molecules C) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons D) Amino acids
A) Shortly after the Big Bang B) During the formation of the Earth C) Just before the formation of the solar system D) In the last billion years
A) HH 46-IR B) Proxima Centauri C) Alpha Centauri D) Betelgeuse
A) Photosynthesis B) Hydrogenation C) Sublimation D) Evaporation
A) Radioactive decay B) Extreme temperature C) High magnetic charge D) Peculiar surface-catalytic activities
A) Its heavy molecular weight B) Its magnetic properties C) Its bright green color D) 12C/13C isotopic ratios
A) Glycolaldehyde B) Galactose C) Fructose D) Sucrose
A) 1920s B) 1860s C) 1960s D) 1950s
A) Oró experiment B) Miller–Urey experiment C) Butlerov experiment D) Breslow experiment
A) 20 B) 40 C) 10 D) 30
A) Cyanide B) Formamide C) Formaldehyde D) Ammonia
A) Calcium B) Iron C) Sodium D) Magnesium
A) 1959 B) 1861 C) 1965 D) 1953
A) Formamide B) Pyrimidine C) Formaldehyde D) Purine
A) Hydrogen cyanide B) Ammonia C) Cyanoacetylene D) Formaldehyde
A) Boiling temperatures B) Freezing temperatures C) Intense ultraviolet radiation D) High vacuum
A) Thermal expansion B) Sublimation C) Eutectic freezing D) Crystallization
A) Their evaporation B) Their polymerization C) Their oxidation D) Their hydrolysis
A) They require extremely high pressure B) They destroy amino acids instantly C) They only work in a vacuum D) They also catalyze peptide hydrolysis
A) Methane B) Ethanol C) Cyanamide D) Glucose
A) Sulphur hexafluoride B) Hydrogen sulfide C) Sulfuric acid D) Carbonyl sulfide
A) 2024 B) 2019 C) 2023 D) 2021
A) Generating atmospheric oxygen B) Producing free fatty acids C) Directly synthesizing DNA D) Concentrating prebiotically relevant building blocks |
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