Oral gospel traditions

Oral gospel traditions - Quiz

1. According to Burkett, what was the first stage in the formation of the gospels?

A) Written proto-gospels
B) Oral stories and teachings of Jesus
C) Testimonia collections
D) The canonical gospels

2. What does Chris Keith argue regarding gospel traditions prior to Mark?

A) They definitely circulated as written notes
B) They were written down by early Christian communities
C) There is no incontrovertible evidence they circulated as written narratives
D) They were exclusively preserved as testimonia

3. How does Nicholas Elder describe the Gospel of Mark?

A) As a transcript of a single sermon
B) As a work composed entirely by a community
C) As an oral work involving a speaker and a writer
D) As a purely written document created by a scribe

4. What did Werner Kelber argue about the transition from oral to written gospels?

A) It strengthened the oral memory
B) It was impossible to achieve
C) It represented a break in transmission
D) It was a seamless continuation

5. Who argues that Mark largely preserved the Jesus tradition back to his lifetime?

A) Werner Kelber and Chris Keith
B) Robyn Faith Walsh and Jonathan Z. Smith
C) Helen Bond and Burkett
D) James Dunn and Rafael Rodriguez

6. Why are Mark, Matthew, and Luke called the Synoptic Gospels?

A) They were written by the same author
B) They are highly interdependent
C) They all contain the same number of chapters
D) They were written at the same time

7. What is the consensus regarding the chronological order of the gospels?

A) John was the first to be written
B) Mark was the first to be written
C) Matthew was the first to be written
D) Luke was the first to be written

8. What does the Two-source hypothesis state?

A) Matthew and Luke were written independently of Mark
B) Matthew and Luke used oral tradition only
C) Matthew and Luke used Mark and a hypothetical Q source
D) Matthew and Luke used Mark and John

9. What has modern scholarship emphasized regarding the evangelists?

A) Adherence to community dictates
B) Reliance on hypothetical sources
C) Authorial activity
D) Lack of creative agency

10. What does the Oral Transmission hypothesis propose?

A) Common tradition was written down by an elite agency
B) Common tradition was transmitted through the Q source
C) Common tradition was transmitted orally rather than through a lost document
D) Common tradition was invented by the author of Matthew

11. Who proposed the thesis viewing gospel authors as elite cultural producers?

A) James Dunn
B) Chris Keith
C) Robyn Faith Walsh
D) Werner Kelber

12. According to Robyn Faith Walsh, who was the intended audience for the gospels?

A) The Roman authorities
B) Early Christian communities
C) Uneducated peasants
D) An elite audience

13. What is Helen Bond's view on the 'pre-Markan passion narrative'?

A) There is a scholarly turn against it
B) It was written by Luke
C) It is widely accepted as fact
D) It is the source for the Q document

14. What does recent scholarship argue about the Gospel of John?

A) John relies exclusively on oral tradition
B) John is independent of all other gospels
C) John was aware of the Synoptic gospels
D) John is the oldest gospel

15. Which theories emphasize the Synoptic Problem as a literary problem?

A) The elite agency theory
B) The Q source hypothesis
C) The Oral Transmission hypothesis
D) Farrer and Matthean Posteriority

16. Which scholar argued that early Christians used strict memorization based on Rabbinic methods?

A) Werner Kelber
B) Birger Gerhardsson
C) Bart Ehrman
D) Hermann Gunkel

17. What term refers to the 'situation in life' that gave rise to a written passage?

A) Sitz im Leben
B) Logia
C) Biosphere
D) Collegium

18. Who famously compared the process of oral tradition to the 'Telephone Game'?

A) James Dunn
B) Bart Ehrman
C) Kenneth Bailey
D) Richard Bauckham

19. Which scholar developed the method of form criticism?

A) Hermann Gunkel
B) Anthony Le Donne
C) Kenneth Bailey
D) NT Wright

20. According to James Dunn, what ensured the accuracy of oral gospel traditions?

A) The total absence of teachers
B) A single written source
C) The replacement of orality by text
D) Designated learned individuals

21. Who criticized Bart Ehrman for a 'lethal oversight' regarding Jan Vansina?

A) Richard Horsley
B) Tucker Ferda
C) James Dunn
D) Alan Kirk

22. Which century was dominated by the form criticism of Dibelius and Bultmann?

A) The 21st century
B) The 20th century
C) The 19th century
D) The 18th century

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