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Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve - Quiz
Contributed by: Elliott
  • 1. Which component of the Great Sand Dunes system receives heavy snow and rain?
A) The mountain watershed
B) The dune field
C) The sabkha
D) The sand sheet
  • 2. What type of moisture content is found below the dry surface of the dunes?
A) 5% moisture content
B) No moisture content
C) 7% moisture content
D) 10% moisture content
  • 3. Which type of dune is also known as crescentic or barchan dunes?
A) Reversing dunes
B) Parabolic dunes
C) Star dunes
D) Transverse dunes
  • 4. Where is almost 90% of the sand deposit found in the Great Sand Dunes system?
A) The dune field
B) The mountain watershed
C) The sabkha
D) The sand sheet
  • 5. What forms around vegetation in the sand sheet?
A) Nabkha Dunes
B) Star dunes
C) Transverse dunes
D) Reversing dunes
  • 6. What happens to the sabkha when water evaporates in late summer?
A) Minerals cement sand grains into a hard, white crust
B) The sabkha becomes deeper with more plants and animals
C) Water rises to form new dunes
D) Sand is blown away by wind
  • 7. Which tree species can be found in the park?
A) Ponderosa pine
B) Maple tree
C) Eucalyptus
D) Birch tree
  • 8. What type of grass is primarily found around the Sabkha wetlands?
A) Blue grama grass
B) Ryegrass
C) Inland saltgrass
D) Buffalo grass
  • 9. Which flowering plant is known as alpine phlox?
A) Alpine phlox
B) Paintbrush flowers
C) Dwarf clover
D) Rocky Mountain iris
  • 10. What type of dunes migrate into the main dunefield from the sand sheet?
A) Star dunes
B) Transverse dunes
C) Reversing dunes
D) Small parabolic dunes
  • 11. What is the role of creeks in the Great Sand Dunes system?
A) They create new mountain ranges.
B) They only provide water for vegetation.
C) They prevent sand from moving.
D) They carry sand back toward the valley and then to the dune field.
  • 12. Which component of the Great Sand Dunes system is seasonally saturated by rising groundwater?
A) The sand sheet
B) The dune field
C) The mountain watershed
D) The sabkha
  • 13. Which tree species is not found in the park?
A) Douglas fir
B) Eucalyptus
C) Aspen
D) Ponderosa pine
  • 14. What type of environment do hundreds of plant species in the park adapt to?
A) Tropical beaches and swamps
B) Deserts and rainforests
C) Alpine tundra and warm water wetlands
D) Urban areas
  • 15. What type of dune is characterized by multiple arms radiating from a central point?
A) Star dunes
B) Transverse dunes
C) Reversing dunes
D) Parabolic dunes
  • 16. Which flowering plant is known as the Rocky Mountain iris?
A) Dwarf clover
B) Rocky Mountain iris
C) Paintbrush flowers
D) Alpine phlox
  • 17. What Köppen climate classification type is assigned to the dunefield of the Great Sand Dunes?
A) Cold semi-arid (BSk)
B) Mediterranean (Csa)
C) Warm-summer humid continental (Dfb)
D) Tropical rainforest (Af)
  • 18. What is the average high temperature in July at the Great Sand Dunes?
A) Below 60 °F (16 °C)
B) Around 70 °F (21 °C)
C) Slightly above 80 °F (27 °C)
D) Above 90 °F (32 °C)
  • 19. How much does the temperature typically spread between high and low in a day at the park?
A) 40–45 °F (22–25 °C)
B) About 25–30 °F (14–17 °C)
C) 10–15 °F (6–8 °C)
D) 5–10 °F (3–6 °C)
  • 20. What is the average annual precipitation on the dunes?
A) 20 inches (508 mm)
B) 8 inches (203 mm)
C) 11.13 inches (283 mm)
D) 15 inches (381 mm)
  • 21. What month is typically the snowiest at the Great Sand Dunes?
A) March
B) April
C) January
D) December
  • 22. During what time of year does Medano Creek usually have its peak flow?
A) Early winter
B) Late spring
C) Mid-summer
D) Fall
  • 23. What can sand surface temperatures reach on sunny afternoons in summer?
A) 100 °F (38 °C)
B) 120 °F (49 °C)
C) 90 °F (32 °C)
D) 150 °F (66 °C)
  • 24. What weather phenomena are common in July and August at the park?
A) Fog
B) Snowstorms
C) Tornadoes
D) Afternoon thundershowers
  • 25. During which season are Indian summer days, with temperatures reaching or exceeding 60 °F (16 °C), typically experienced?
A) Fall
B) Summer
C) Winter
D) Spring
  • 26. What is the average winter high temperature in January at the Great Sand Dunes?
A) Above 50 °F (10 °C)
B) Below 32 °F (0 °C)
C) Just above freezing
D) Around 40 °F (4 °C)
  • 27. What is the total area of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve?
A) 149,028 acres (603.1 km2)
B) 65,1 sq mi
C) 107,342 acres (434.4 km2)
D) 35,528 acres (143.8 km2)
  • 28. Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary components of the Great Sand Dunes system?
A) Sand sheet
B) Volcanic plateau
C) Mountain watershed
D) Dune field
  • 29. Which tribe was the first historic people to inhabit the San Luis Valley?
A) Southern Ute Tribe
B) Apache
C) Zuni
D) Navajo
  • 30. Who became the first European on record to enter the San Luis Valley?
A) Juan Bautista de Anza
B) Zebulon Pike
C) John C. Frémont
D) Diego de Vargas
  • 31. Is hunting permitted within the national park boundaries?
A) Yes, during specific seasons
B) Yes, with a special permit
C) No, it is prohibited at all times
D) Only in designated areas
  • 32. How many times does the unpaved road to Medano Pass cross the stream bed of Medano Creek?
A) Five times
B) Nine times
C) Seven times
D) Twelve times
  • 33. What is the recreational visitor total for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2019?
A) 400,000 visitors
B) 527,546 visitors
C) 600,000 visitors
D) 300,000 visitors
  • 34. Which tribe called the Great Sand Dunes 'Sei-anyedi'?
A) Navajo
B) Ute
C) Jicarilla Apaches
D) Tewa/Tiwa-speaking pueblos
  • 35. What do the Tewa/Tiwa-speaking pueblos call the lake near the dunes?
A) Sei-anyedi
B) Sip'ophe (Sandy Place Lake)
C) Saa waap maa nache
D) Sisnaajini
  • 36. In which year did Don Diego de Vargas enter the San Luis Valley?
A) 1807
B) 1776
C) 1694
D) 1848
  • 37. What type of animals did Don Diego de Vargas and his men hunt in the southern part of the San Luis Valley?
A) Bison
B) Antelope
C) Deer
D) Elk
  • 38. What year did Zebulon Pike write about the Great Sand Dunes?
A) 1807
B) 1848
C) 1853
D) 1776
  • 39. What did Zebulon Pike compare the appearance of the sand hills to?
A) A forest
B) A mountain range
C) The sea in a storm
D) A desert oasis
  • 40. During which season did John C. Frémont cross the Sangre de Cristos into the San Luis Valley?
A) Spring
B) Summer
C) Winter
D) Fall
  • 41. What year did Captain John Gunnison and his party cross the dune field on horseback?
A) 1853
B) 1776
C) 1848
D) 1807
  • 42. In which year was Fort Massachusetts built near the Great Sand Dunes?
A) 1852
B) 1875
C) 1932
D) 1911
  • 43. Which family established a ranch along Medano Creek in 1875?
A) The Herard family
B) The Wellington family
C) The Volcanic Mining Company
D) The Trujillo family
  • 44. What did the Herard family establish in Medano Creek?
A) A trout hatchery
B) A concrete manufacturing plant
C) An irrigation ditch
D) A gold mill
  • 45. Which organization sponsored a bill for national monument status for Great Sand Dunes?
A) The Herard family
B) The Nature Conservancy
C) The P.E.O. Sisterhood
D) The Volcanic Mining Company
  • 46. Who signed the bill granting national monument status to Great Sand Dunes into law?
A) President Theodore Roosevelt
B) President Herbert Hoover
C) President Franklin D. Roosevelt
D) President George Washington
  • 47. When was the expansion of the monument into a national park and preserve completed?
A) 1932
B) 1999
C) 2004
D) 1911
  • 48. Which mountain range is located to the west of the San Luis Valley?
A) Cascade Range
B) San Juan Mountains
C) Rocky Mountains
D) Sierra Nevada
  • 49. What process did geologists use to estimate the age of sand deposits in the dunes?
A) Carbon dating
B) Potassium-argon dating
C) Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
D) Radiometric dating
  • 50. What causes the dunes to grow vertically?
A) Constant unidirectional winds
B) Erosion from mountain streams
C) Volcanic activity
D) Opposing wind directions during storms
  • 51. What mineral found in the dunes is both attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized?
A) Feldspar
B) Quartz
C) Magnetite
D) Calcite
  • 52. What is the primary reason for the stability of the main dune field?
A) Opposing wind directions balance each other out over time
B) Lack of vegetation
C) Human intervention
D) Constant rainfall
  • 53. What is the approximate latitude of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve?
A) 40.00° north
B) 30.50° north
C) 35.00° north
D) 37.75° north
  • 54. Which forest is located to the north of Great Sand Dunes National Park?
A) Rio Grande National Forest
B) San Luis Lakes State Wildlife Area
C) San Juan Mountains
D) Baca National Wildlife Refuge
  • 55. What is the closest city to Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve?
A) Blanca
B) Crestone
C) Mosca
D) Alamosa
  • 56. Which major road runs east-west through the San Luis Valley near the park?
A) U.S. Route 160
B) U.S. Route 285
C) Rio Grande Road
D) Colorado State Highway 17
  • 57. What percentage of all the sand in the park is contained within the surrounding flat sand sheet?
A) 80%
B) 50%
C) 90%
D) 70%
  • 58. Which wildlife refuge is adjacent to the west of Great Sand Dunes National Park?
A) San Luis Lakes State Wildlife Area
B) Rio Grande National Forest
C) Sangre de Cristo Range
D) Baca National Wildlife Refuge
  • 59. What is the approximate distance from Great Sand Dunes National Park to Denver?
A) A few hours by car
B) Half a day by train
C) Two days by bus
D) An hour by car
  • 60. Which town is located to the east of Great Sand Dunes National Park?
A) Hooper
B) Gardner
C) Crestone
D) Mosca
  • 61. Which mammal is known for its ability to live in both alpine tundra and low elevation grasslands?
A) porcupine
B) bison
C) pika
D) kangaroo rat
  • 62. How many bison are ranched within the park boundaries on private land owned by The Nature Conservancy?
A) Less than 1000
B) Approximately 2500
C) More than 2000
D) About 1500
  • 63. Which bird species is known for nesting in the mountains during the summer?
A) great blue heron
B) sandhill crane
C) American avocet
D) white-tailed ptarmigan
  • 64. Which reptile found in the park is known for its horn-like spines?
A) fence lizard
B) garter snake
C) bullsnake
D) short-horned lizard
  • 65. Which amphibian found in the park is known for its distinctive call during mating season?
A) tiger salamander
B) chorus frog
C) spadefoot toad
D) Great Plains toad
  • 66. Which bird species is a large, wading bird found in the park?
A) western tanager
B) red-breasted nuthatch
C) sandhill crane
D) hummingbird
  • 67. Which reptile is known for its ability to mimic ants in appearance and behavior?
A) bullsnake
B) fence lizard
C) garter snake
D) Werner's ant-like flower beetle
  • 68. Which amphibian is known for its ability to burrow underground during dry periods?
A) tiger salamander
B) northern leopard frog
C) spadefoot toad
D) Woodhouse's toad
  • 69. Which bird species is known for its impressive diving ability?
A) sandhill crane
B) golden eagle
C) bald eagle
D) peregrine falcon
  • 70. Which type of tree is known as 'crooked wood' and grows near the tree line?
A) Krummholz
B) Cottonwood
C) Aspen
D) Ponderosa pine
  • 71. Which animals are known to hunt mule deer in the montane forests and woodlands?
A) Cougars
B) Bighorn sheep
C) Elk
D) Pronghorn
  • 72. Which bird species can be found hunting in the sabkha wetlands?
A) American avocet
B) Peregrine falcon
C) Eagle
D) Hawk
  • 73. Which mammal species is known to visit the dunes from other habitats?
A) Elephant
B) Horse
C) Kangaroo
D) Elk
  • 74. What type of environment do cottonwood and aspen trees thrive in at Great Sand Dunes National Park?
A) Montane woodlands
B) Dune fields
C) Riparian zones along creeks
D) Subalpine forests
  • 75. Which animal is known to nest in the ground on the sand sheet?
A) Burrowing owls
B) Prairie dogs
C) Squirrels
D) Groundhogs
  • 76. Which type of vehicle is recommended by the park service for Medano Pass Road due to deep sandy stretches?
A) Street-licensed 4WD motor vehicles
B) Standard bicycles
C) Motorcycles
D) Fat tire bikes
  • 77. Which trail leads to the summit of Mount Herard?
A) Medano Ramp Trail
B) Sand Creek Trail
C) Mosca Pass Trail
D) A trail off Medano Pass Road
  • 78. What is the length of Medano Pass Road?
A) 30 miles
B) 15 miles
C) 10 miles
D) 22 miles (35 kilometers)
  • 79. Which organization provides guided trips into the park from Zapata Ranch?
A) Great Sand Dunes Adventure Company
B) National Park Service
C) The Nature Conservancy
D) Zapata Partners
  • 80. What type of hunting is allowed in the national preserve during autumn?
A) Sport hunting
B) Commercial hunting
C) Hunting with dogs only
D) No hunting
  • 81. In what year was the dunes area first designated a national monument?
A) 2000
B) 1999
C) 1976
D) 1932
  • 82. What IUCN management category was assigned to the Great Sand Dunes in 2000?
A) Protected landscape (V)
B) Wilderness area (Ib)
C) Natural monument (III)
D) National park (II)
  • 83. Which organization purchased the Baca Ranch in 2002?
A) The Nature Conservancy
B) National Park Service
C) Department of the Interior
D) U.S. Forest Service
  • 84. How much did The Nature Conservancy pay for the Baca Ranch?
A) $50 million
B) $15 million
C) $31.28 million
D) $20 million
  • 85. What designation was given to the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2019?
A) National Historic Landmark
B) Biosphere Reserve
C) World Heritage Site
D) International Dark Sky Park
  • 86. Which peak is located within the Baca Ranch?
A) Mount Elbert
B) Pikes Peak
C) Longs Peak
D) Kit Carson Peak
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