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Dinosaur Park Formation - Quiz
Contributed by: Handley
  • 1. What is the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) The lowermost member of the Oldman Formation
B) The uppermost member of the Belly River Group
C) A low-rank coal mine in southern Saskatchewan
D) A marine shale above the Bearpaw Formation
  • 2. What is another name for the Belly River Group?
A) Judith River Group
B) Western Interior Seaway
C) Bearpaw Group
D) Oldman Group
  • 3. During which stage of the Late Cretaceous was the Dinosaur Park Formation deposited?
A) Albian
B) Campanian
C) Maastrichtian
D) Turonian
  • 4. Approximately how many million years ago was the formation deposited?
A) Between 76.5 and 74.4 million years ago
B) Between 90.5 and 88.0 million years ago
C) Between 70.1 and 65.5 million years ago
D) Between 85.0 and 80.2 million years ago
  • 5. In what environments was the Dinosaur Park Formation deposited?
A) Deep marine and abyssal environments
B) Volcanic caldera environments
C) Alluvial and coastal plain environments
D) Glacial and periglacial environments
  • 6. Which formation is directly below the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Bearpaw Formation
B) Judith River Formation
C) Lethbridge Coal Zone
D) Oldman Formation
  • 7. Which formation is directly above the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Bearpaw Formation
B) Belly River Formation
C) Milk River Formation
D) Oldman Formation
  • 8. What type of fossil remains are found in dense concentrations within the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Pterosaur wings exclusively
B) Dinosaur skeletons
C) Mammalian teeth only
D) Ammonite shells
  • 9. What are dinosaur skeletons in the formation often found with?
A) Pure amber deposits
B) Preserved remains of soft tissues
C) Meteorite fragments
D) Volcanic glass shards
  • 10. Besides dinosaurs, what other animal remains are abundant in the formation?
A) Amphibians and trilobites
B) Whales and dolphins
C) Birds and bats
D) Fish, turtles, and crocodilians
  • 11. After which location is the Dinosaur Park Formation named?
A) Dinosaur Provincial Park
B) Berry Creek
C) Deadlodge Canyon
D) Red Deer River Park
  • 12. Dinosaur Provincial Park is designated as what kind of site?
A) UNESCO World Heritage Site
B) National Marine Sanctuary
C) International Geological Monument
D) Protected Biosphere Reserve
  • 13. Where is the formation well exposed?
A) In the mountains to the west
B) Beneath the Bearpaw Sea
C) Along the shores of the Milk River
D) In the badlands that flank the Red Deer River
  • 14. Who provided the first recorded account of fossils in the area in 1871?
A) George Mercer Dawson
B) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
C) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux
D) Lawrence Lambe
  • 15. Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux was shown bones of what animal by the Blackfoot Confederacy?
A) A giant prehistoric bear
B) The "grandfather of the buffalo"
C) A duck-billed dinosaur
D) A woolly mammoth
  • 16. Who reported official accounts of dinosaur bones in western Canada in 1874?
A) Henry Fairfield Osborn
B) George Mercer Dawson
C) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux
D) Thomas Chesmer Weston
  • 17. Along which river did George Mercer Dawson make his 1874 discoveries?
A) Berry Creek
B) Red Deer River
C) Deadlodge Canyon
D) Milk River
  • 18. Who discovered the skull of a theropod in 1884?
A) Edward Drinker Cope
B) Lawrence Lambe
C) George Mercer Dawson
D) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
  • 19. As what genus did Edward Drinker Cope initially identify Joseph Burr Tyrrell's 1884 theropod skull?
A) Albertosaurus
B) Tyrannosaurus
C) Gorgosaurus
D) Laelaps
  • 20. Who named the 1884 theropod skull Albertosaurus in 1905?
A) Lawrence Lambe
B) Henry Fairfield Osborn
C) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
D) Thomas Chesmer Weston
  • 21. Who found rich fossil beds in Deadlodge Canyon and Berry Creek in 1889?
A) George Mercer Dawson
B) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux
C) Thomas Chesmer Weston
D) Henry Fairfield Osborn
  • 22. Along which river did Thomas Chesmer Weston find fossil beds in 1889?
A) Bow River
B) Red Deer River
C) Milk River
D) South Saskatchewan River
  • 23. Who more completely surveyed the areas along the Red Deer River from 1897 until 1901?
A) Edward Drinker Cope
B) Lawrence Lambe
C) Thomas Chesmer Weston
D) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
  • 24. What was the Dinosaur Park Formation considered to be during the late 19th and early 20th century descriptions by Lambe and Osborn?
A) Oldman Formation
B) Belly River Formation
C) Judith River Formation
D) Bearpaw Formation
  • 25. What was the age previously assigned to the formation by Lambe and Osborn?
A) Late Permian
B) Early Triassic
C) Mid-Cretaceous
D) Early Jurassic
  • 26. From what source were the sediments of the Dinosaur Park Formation derived?
A) Erosion of the Canadian Shield to the east
B) Volcanic ash from northern plains
C) Erosion of the mountains to the west
D) Glacial deposits from the north
  • 27. In which direction did the river systems flow that deposited the formation?
A) Northward and northwestward
B) Westward and southwestward
C) Strictly southward
D) Eastward and southeastward
  • 28. What was the name of the large inland sea toward which the river systems flowed?
A) Bearpaw Sea
B) Hudson Sea
C) Tethys Sea
D) Sundance Sea
  • 29. The Bearpaw Sea was part of what larger seaway?
A) Panthalassa Seaway
B) Western Interior Seaway
C) Atlantic Seaway
D) Boreal Seaway
  • 30. What marine sediments were deposited on top of the Dinosaur Park Formation as the sea inundated the coastal plain?
A) Limestone reefs of the Milk River Formation
B) Coal beds of the Lethbridge Zone
C) Marine shales of the Bearpaw Formation
D) Sandstones of the Oldman Formation
  • 31. Approximately how thick is the Dinosaur Park Formation at Dinosaur Park?
A) About 70 metres (230 ft)
B) About 300 metres (980 ft)
C) About 150 metres (490 ft)
D) About 30 metres (100 ft)
  • 32. In what environment was the lower portion of the Dinosaur Park Formation laid down?
A) Glacial moraine environments
B) Aeolian dune environments
C) Deep marine shelf environments
D) Fluvial channel environments
  • 33. What primarily composes the lower portion of the formation?
A) Fine- to medium-grained, crossbedded sandstones
B) Pure white chalk and limestone
C) Massive to laminated organic-rich mudstones
D) Low-rank coal seams and siltstones
  • 34. In what environments was the upper portion of the formation deposited?
A) Subglacial trench environments
B) Offshore marine environments
C) Overbank and floodplain environments
D) Estuarine and deltaic environments
  • 35. What primarily composes the upper portion of the formation?
A) Thick beds of massive granite
B) Massive to laminated, organic-rich mudstones
C) Red chalk and marl
D) Coarse-grained conglomerate sandstones
  • 36. What traces and beds are abundant in the upper portion's mudstones?
A) Fossilized marine shells and amber
B) Volcanic pumice and quartz veins
C) Root traces and thin beds of bentonite
D) Coprolites and sulfur nodules
  • 37. What zone marks the top of the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Red Deer Coal Seam
B) Lethbridge Coal Zone
C) Berry Creek Coal Member
D) Deadlodge Coal Horizon
  • 38. What does the Lethbridge Coal Zone consist of?
A) Lignite beds alternating with marine shales
B) Pure anthracite coal layers with thick sandstone caps
C) Bituminous coal mixed exclusively with limestone
D) Several seams of low-rank coal interbedded with mudstones and siltstones
  • 39. What separates the Dinosaur Park Formation from the underlying Oldman Formation?
A) A regional disconformity
B) A massive layer of pure volcanic ash
C) A thick bed of marine limestone
D) An angular unconformity caused by major mountain building
  • 40. How are the Dinosaur Park and Oldman formations distinguished?
A) By petrographic and sedimentologic differences
B) By differences in their overall geological age of 20 million years
C) By the complete absence of rocks in the Oldman Formation
D) By their fossilized marine invertebrate content
  • 41. How do articulated skeletal remains and bonebeds compare between the Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations?
A) They have never been found in either formation
B) They are rare in the Oldman Formation but abundant in the Dinosaur Park Formation
C) They are abundant in the Oldman Formation and absent in the Dinosaur Park Formation
D) They are equally abundant in both formations
  • 42. In which Canadian province is the Dinosaur Park Formation primarily located?
A) Alberta
B) Manitoba
C) British Columbia
D) Saskatchewan
  • 43. Geological Survey of Canada discoveries in the 1880s included work by whom?
A) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux and the Blackfoot Confederacy
B) Edward Drinker Cope and Henry Fairfield Osborn
C) Thomas Chesmer Weston and Lawrence Lambe exclusively
D) George Mercer Dawson and his colleagues
  • 44. How many distinct faunas can the Dinosaur Park Formation be divided into at least?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) One
  • 45. What might the appearance of new, rare ornithischian species at the very top of the formation indicate?
A) The extinction of all dinosaurs
B) Volcanic activity
C) A return to the lower fauna
D) A third distinct fauna
  • 46. Which species is noted as potentially more common in the third fauna?
A) Corythosaurus
B) Centrosaurus
C) Vagaceratops irvinensis
D) Euoplocephalus tutus
  • 47. Which Lambeosaurus species may be more common in the third fauna?
A) Lambeosaurus magnicristatus
B) Lambeosaurus altidens
C) Lambeosaurus ornatissimus
D) Lambeosaurus lambei
  • 48. Who authored the biostratigraphy study of megaherbivores cited from 2019?
A) Penalski
B) Mallon
C) Eberth
D) Coombs
  • 49. Whose taxonomy of Euoplocephalus tutus is disputed in the text?
A) Penalski
B) Eberth
C) Coombs
D) Mallon
  • 50. What is the publication year of the taxonomy study by Penalski mentioned in the text?
A) 2018
B) 2010
C) 2023
D) 2019
  • 51. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter mark is Scolosaurus cutleri found?
A) ~0m
B) ~16-30m
C) ~40m
D) ~3-8m
  • 52. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter range is Platypelta coombsi found?
A) ~40m
B) ~27-31m
C) ~3-8m
D) ~0m
  • 53. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter range is Euoplocephalus tutus found?
A) ~16-30m
B) ~40m
C) ~3-8m
D) ~0m
  • 54. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter range is Anodontosaurus inceptus found?
A) ~3-8m
B) ~0m
C) ~27-31m
D) ~16-30m
  • 55. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter mark is Scolosaurus thronus found?
A) ~3-8m
B) ~0m
C) ~27-31m
D) ~40m
  • 56. Which taxon is separated into multiple taxa by Penalski (2018)?
A) Centrosaurus apertus
B) Styracosaurus albertensis
C) Euoplocephalus tutus
D) Corythosaurus casuarius
  • 57. What type of dinosaur is primarily used to characterize the lower part of the formation?
A) Pterosaur
B) Corythosaurus
C) Sauropod
D) Theropod
  • 58. What type of organism group is the focus of the megaherbivore biostratigraphy?
A) Megaherbivores
B) Omnivores
C) Microscopic plankton
D) Carnivores
  • 59. What type of ceratopsian taxon has been recovered from the formation?
A) A fully named Triceratops horridus
B) An adult Chasmosaurus belli
C) An unnamed Pachyrhinosaurus-like taxon
D) A well-defined Centrosaurus apertus
  • 60. What ornithopod specimen has been recovered from the formation?
A) No ornithopod remains at all
B) Dozens of complete Thescelosaurus skeletons
C) At least one indeterminate thescelosaurid specimen
D) Only adult Iguanodon bones
  • 61. Which hadrosaurs may have preferred the upland nesting grounds?
A) Only juvenile hadrosaurs
B) The most abundant adult Edmontosaurus
C) Exclusively lambeosaurines
D) Less common hadrosaurs like Brachylophosaurus or Parasaurolophus
  • 62. What size are the fragments of pebbly-textured hadrosaur eggshell reported from the formation?
A) Sub-centimeter fragments
B) Giant meters-wide pieces
C) Microscopic dust particles
D) Exactly five inches across
  • 63. The hadrosaur eggshell from the Dinosaur Park Formation is similar to that of which location in southern Alberta?
A) Cypress Hills
B) Writing-on-Stone
C) Royal Tyrrell Museum grounds
D) Devil's Coulee
  • 64. What shelled invertebrates are found in large numbers at the eggshell sites?
A) Trilobites
B) Brachiopods
C) Pisidiid clams
D) Giant ammonites
  • 65. What do the invertebrate shells release to protect the eggshells from dissolving?
A) Sodium chloride
B) Iron oxide
C) Basic calcium carbonate
D) Hydrochloric acid
  • 66. What acid would otherwise have dissolved the eggshells and prevented fossilization?
A) Artificial industrial acids
B) Sulfuric acid from rainfall
C) Naturally occurring acids
D) Citric acid from native fruits
  • 67. Which bonebed is noted as an especially productive source of young hadrosaur remains?
A) Bonebed 99
B) Bonebed 12
C) Bonebed 1
D) Bonebed 50
  • 68. Are the bones of juvenile hadrosaurs and fossil eggshell fragments preserved in association with each other?
A) Yes
B) In every single bonebed
C) Always
D) No
  • 69. What kind of marks were found on the valuable discovery of a small theropod dinosaur?
A) Tooth marks
B) Bite punctures from insects
C) Pathological bone growths
D) Claw marks
  • 70. What possible indeterminate remains are known from the formation regarding avimimids?
A) Avimimid
B) Hadrosaurid
C) Ceratopsian
D) Tyrannosaurid
  • 71. What is the basis for the new taxon of troodontid found in the upper part of the formation?
A) Skulls
B) Teeth
C) Footprints
D) Tail feathers
  • 72. What type of reptiles were choristoderes?
A) Aquatic
B) Arboreal
C) fossorial
D) Terrestrial
  • 73. What did small choristoderes look like?
A) Frogs
B) Lizards
C) Snakes
D) Turtles
  • 74. Larger types of choristoderes were superficially similar to which animals?
A) Sharks
B) Large birds
C) Whales
D) Crocodylians
  • 75. Which of the following is listed as a choristodere alongside Champsosaurus?
A) Cretorectolobus olsoni
B) Leidyosuchus
C) Cteniogenys sp. cf. antiquus
D) Albertochampsa
  • 76. Which crocodylian genus listed has remains found in the formation?
A) Cteniogenys
B) Champsosaurus
C) Albertochampsa
D) Ischyrhiza
  • 77. Which other crocodylian genus besides Albertochampsa is found in the formation?
A) Parasaniwa
B) Estesesox
C) Leidyosuchus
D) Belonostomus
  • 78. Which of the following lizards is listed as found in the formation?
A) Helodermatids
B) Champsosaurus
C) Albertochampsa
D) Leidyosuchus
  • 79. Is Labrodioctes listed as a lizard found in the formation?
A) Yes
B) No, it is a fish
C) No, it is a mammal
D) No, it is a turtle
  • 80. Which group of lizards starting with N is found in the formation?
A) Necrosaurids
B) Nannosaurs
C) Nautiloids
D) Newts
  • 81. Which lizard genus listed sounds similar to a known sauropod suffix but is under lizards?
A) Stegosaurus
B) Saurophaganax
C) Spinosaurus
D) Socognathus
  • 82. Which lizard taxon has a question mark in front of its name in the text?
A) ?Helodermatids
B) ?Exostinus
C) ?Varanids
D) ?Teiids
  • 83. What type of shark is Cretorectolobus olsoni?
A) Hammerhead shark
B) Mackerel shark
C) Bull shark
D) Carpet shark
  • 84. What type of fish is Ischyrhiza mira?
A) Sclerorhynchid
B) Sturgeon
C) Carpet shark
D) Gar
  • 85. What type of shark is Meristodonoides montanensis?
A) Sclerorhynchid
B) Carpet shark
C) Hybodont shark
D) Chimaera
  • 86. What type of fish is Myledaphus bipartitus?
A) Ray
B) Gar
C) Sturgeon
D) Chimaera
  • 87. What type of fish is Protoplatyrhina renae?
A) Guitarfish
B) Salmon
C) Pike
D) Carpet shark
  • 88. What family is 'Edaphodontidae' indet. classified as?
A) Ray
B) Sturgeon
C) Chimaera
D) Gar
  • 89. What type of shark is Archaeolamna kopingensis judithensis?
A) A sturgeon
B) A chimaera
C) A guitarfish
D) A shark
  • 90. What alternative common name is given for Protoplatyrhina renae in the fish section?
A) Electric ray
B) Sawfish
C) Rhino Ray
D) Carpet shark
  • 91. What group of fish represents sturgeons in the text?
A) Acipenseriformes
B) Holostean fish
C) Chondrichthyans
D) Teleost fish
  • 92. Which sturgeon species is listed in quotes in the text?
A) "Acipenser albertensis"
B) Lepisosteus occidentalis
C) Anchiacipenser acanthaspis
D) Arotus hieroglyphus
  • 93. Which sturgeon species features the specific epithet acanthaspis?
A) Lepisosteus occidentalis
B) Anchiacipenser acanthaspis
C) Acipenser albertensis
D) Arotus hieroglyphus
  • 94. Which of the following is a holostean fish listed in the formation?
A) Myledaphus bipartitus
B) Ischyrhiza mira
C) Arotus hieroglyphus
D) Enchodus petrosus
  • 95. What common name is given for Lepisosteus occidentalis?
A) The pike
B) The tarpon
C) The salmon
D) The gar
  • 96. What type of fish is Archaeosiilik sp.?
A) A characin
B) An elopomorph
C) A chimaera
D) A pike
  • 97. What type of fish is Primuluchara laramidensis?
A) A sturgeon
B) A gar
C) A characin
D) A pike
  • 98. What type of fish is Sivulliusalmo sp.?
A) An osteoglossomorph
B) An otophysan
C) A guitarfish
D) A salmonid
  • 99. Which of the following is listed as a pike found in the formation?
A) Paratarpon apogerontus
B) Cretophareodus alberticus
C) Acronichthys sp.
D) Estesesox foxi
  • 100. Which of these is another pike listed in the formation alongside Estesesox foxi?
A) Arotus hieroglyphus
B) Lepisosteus occidentalis
C) Enchodus gladiolus
D) Oldmanesox canadensis
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