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Fish diseases and parasites - Quiz
Contributed by: Kent
  • 1. What is the common name for the parasite Gyrodactylus salaris?
A) Tapeworm
B) Sea lice
C) Salmon fluke
D) Leech
  • 2. In what year was Gyrodactylus salaris reported to have spread from Norwegian hatcheries?
A) 1990
B) 2002
C) 1972
D) 1984
  • 3. What type of organism is Gyrodactylus salaris?
A) Virus
B) Bacterium
C) Monogenean parasite
D) Copepod
  • 4. When was infectious salmon anemia (ISAV) first discovered in Norway?
A) 1995
B) 1972
C) 2002
D) 1984
  • 5. What kind of disease is ISAV?
A) Viral
B) Parasitic
C) Bacterial
D) Fungal
  • 6. What is required by the European Commission if ISAV is confirmed on a farm?
A) Use of antibiotics
B) Vaccination of remaining fish
C) Total eradication of the entire fish stock
D) Isolation of infected individuals
  • 7. Which of the following is an external symptom of ISAV in salmon?
A) Dark patches on the skin
B) Swollen fins
C) Pale gills
D) Excessive mucus production
  • 8. Why can fish red blood cells be infected by viruses, unlike mammals?
A) They have a different cell membrane
B) They are larger
C) They contain DNA
D) They are not part of the immune system
  • 9. What behavior might an ISAV-infected salmon exhibit?
A) Hiding at the bottom of the tank
B) Gulping for air near the water surface
C) Aggressive swimming
D) Refusing to move at all
  • 10. Which of these is a management strategy for ISAV mentioned in the text?
A) Increased water temperature
B) Adding iodine to the water
C) Selective breeding for size
D) Developing a vaccine
  • 11. What keeps diseases and parasites at low levels in the wild?
A) Natural predation on weakened individuals
B) Constant movement of the fish
C) The high salt content of the ocean
D) Low fish population density
  • 12. What is the primary factor that turns parasites into epidemics in farmed fish?
A) Lack of sunlight
B) The use of artificial feed
C) Crowded net pens
D) Cold water temperatures
  • 13. Which species is linked to the spread of parasitic sea lice from river salmon farms?
A) Rainbow trout
B) Wild pink salmon
C) Arctic char
D) Atlantic salmon
  • 14. What are often used to control diseases and parasites in farmed salmon?
A) Antibiotics and pesticides
B) Probiotics
C) Herbal supplements
D) Natural oils
  • 15. What is a characteristic of coral reef fish mentioned in the text?
A) Migratory behavior
B) Uniform body size
C) High biodiversity
D) Low parasite resistance
  • 16. Which group of organisms includes parasites like cestodes and digeneans found in coral reef fish?
A) Myxosporidia
B) Nematodes
C) Platyhelminthes
D) Crustaceans
  • 17. Which of these is a crustacean parasite found in coral reef fish?
A) Isopods
B) Leeches
C) Monogeneans
D) Nematodes
  • 18. What does the term 'heteroxenous' mean regarding parasites?
A) They have several hosts
B) They do not require a host to reproduce
C) They are free-living in the ocean
D) They only infect one host species
  • 19. What is the mean number of parasite species found per coral reef fish species?
A) About thirty
B) About ten
C) About five
D) About fifty
  • 20. What is the potential consequence of the extinction of a coral reef fish species for its parasites?
A) Co-extinction
B) Migration to different reefs
C) Adaptation to new hosts
D) Rapid multiplication
  • 21. What organism is responsible for the mass die-offs in shallow marine waters described in the text?
A) Caligus clemensi
B) Lepeophtheirus salmonis
C) Henneguya salminicola
D) Pfiesteria piscicida
  • 22. What environmental factor increases the rate at which Pfiesteria piscicida kills occur?
A) Organically polluted land runoff
B) Cooler ocean temperatures
C) Increased salinity levels
D) Decreased fish population density
  • 23. What substance is secreted by Pfiesteria piscicida zoospores once they begin to feed on fish?
A) Digestive enzymes
B) Neurotoxin
C) Adhesive mucus
D) A paralyzing pheromone
  • 24. Where is the protozoan parasite Henneguya salminicola typically found within salmonids?
A) On the external skin
B) In the gills only
C) In the blood stream
D) In the flesh
  • 25. How does a salmon typically respond to a Henneguya salminicola infection?
A) By shedding the affected skin
B) By walling off the infection into cysts
C) By producing antibodies to kill the parasite
D) By increasing mucus production to flush out the parasite
  • 26. According to the text, what is the second host for the parasite Henneguya salminicola?
A) Marine mammals
B) An invertebrate
C) A larger predatory fish
D) A predatory bird
  • 27. Which salmon species is most commonly infected by Henneguya salminicola due to its long freshwater residence time?
A) Sockeye
B) Coho
C) Pink
D) Chinook
  • 28. Is Henneguya salminicola considered a public health risk to humans?
A) No, it is harmless to warm-blooded animals
B) Yes, it can cause skin infections in humans
C) Yes, if the fish is consumed raw
D) Yes, it is a dangerous zoonotic pathogen
  • 29. What is the approximate mortality rate of pink salmon induced by lice in some regions of Canada's Pacific coast?
A) Over 80%
B) Less than 10%
C) Approximately 25%
D) Exactly 50%
  • 30. Which of the following is identified as a species of sea lice?
A) Myxosporean trout-fly
B) Caligus rogercresseyi
C) Pfiesteria piscicida
D) Henneguya salminicola
  • 31. Which genus is known for the bluestreak cleaner wrasse?
A) Scomber
B) Etroplus
C) Mola
D) Labroides
  • 32. Which cichlid species acts as a cleaner fish for Etroplus suratensis?
A) Labroides dimidiatus
B) Oreochromis niloticus
C) Pterophyllum scalare
D) Etroplus maculatus
  • 33. Approximately how many parasite species can reside on an ocean sunfish?
A) Less than 5
B) More than 40
C) Over 100
D) Exactly 10
  • 34. In temperate regions, what environment do sunfish visit to find cleaner fish?
A) Coral reefs
B) Deep sea thermal vents
C) Drifting kelp fields
D) Mangrove forests
  • 35. Which disease affects koi fish?
A) Streptococcosis
B) Furunculosis
C) Lactococcosis
D) Koi herpes virus
  • 36. Which parasite is found in the ovary of the female Blacktip grouper?
A) Gyrodactylus salaris
B) Philometra fasciati
C) Huffmanela ossicola
D) Paravortex
  • 37. Where does Huffmanela ossicola live?
A) Within the gill bone
B) In the swim bladder
C) In the stomach
D) On the skin surface
  • 38. Which parasite is known for functionally replacing the tongue of a fish?
A) Cymothoa exigua
B) Paravortex
C) Didymozoid trematode
D) Gnathiid isopod
  • 39. What is an example of an external fish parasite?
A) Huffmanela ossicola
B) Paravortex
C) Monogeneans
D) Philometra fasciati
  • 40. Which condition is a common disease in new aquariums that are immediately stocked to capacity?
A) Ammonia poisoning
B) Granulocyte depletion
C) Lymphoid deficiency
D) T-cell stagnation
  • 41. What is absent in jawless fish like lampreys and hagfish?
A) True lymphoid organs
B) Gut tissue
C) Anterior kidneys
D) Macrophages
  • 42. Which organ in cartilaginous fish is considered their most important immune organ?
A) Spiral valve
B) Epigonal organ
C) Leydig's organ
D) Spleen
  • 43. Where is a major site for granulocyte production in chondrostean fish?
A) The spleen
B) The heart
C) A mass associated with the meninges
D) The anterior kidney
  • 44. In teleost fish, which cell type is primarily found in the thymus?
A) Granulocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) Erythrocytes
D) Lymphocytes
  • 45. Which fish species was used to describe a lymphatic system similar to mammals in 2006?
A) Hagfish
B) Sturgeon
C) Zebrafish
D) Shark
  • 46. Where do erythrocytes and macrophages develop in chondrostean fish?
A) The heart
B) The kidney
C) The thymus
D) The meninges
  • 47. What organ surrounds the gonads in cartilaginous fish?
A) Spiral valve
B) Anterior kidney
C) Epigonal organs
D) Leydig's organ
  • 48. What is the common name for Myxobolus cerebralis?
A) Whirling disease
B) Hemorrhagic septicemia
C) Roundworm disease
D) Tapeworm infection
  • 49. At what temperature should fish be frozen for seven days to kill parasites?
A) -10 °C
B) 0 °C
C) -20 °C
D) -5 °C
  • 50. What percentage of wild salmon in the Seattle study had roundworm larvae?
A) 50%
B) 25%
C) 100%
D) 75%
  • 51. Which of these is a trematode or fluke parasite?
A) Diphyllobothrium
B) Anisakis
C) Myxobolus cerebralis
D) Clonorchis sinensis
  • 52. Which of these is a nematode or roundworm parasite?
A) Clonorchis sinensis
B) Anisakis
C) Myxobolus cerebralis
D) Diphyllobothrium
  • 53. Which of these is a cestode or tapeworm parasite?
A) Clonorchis sinensis
B) Diphyllobothrium
C) Anisakis
D) Viral hemorrhagic septicemia
  • 54. In which geographic region are parasitic infections from freshwater fish a serious problem?
A) Central Canada
B) Southeast Asia
C) Western Australia
D) Antarctica
  • 55. According to the text, how can parasite infections generally be avoided?
A) Washing with soap
B) Boiling, burning, or freezing
C) Removing the skin only
D) Soaking in fresh water
  • 56. What does a 2020 meta-analysis indicate regarding parasites in marine fish eaten uncooked?
A) They have been completely eradicated
B) A sharp increase since 1980
C) No change since 1980
D) A decline since 1980
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