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Mausoleum of Constantina - Quiz
Contributed by: Lomas
  • 1. What is the subject of the mosaics found in the two shallow apses of the ambulatory?
A) The life of Constantina
B) Scenes from the Old Testament
C) Christ as the Pantocrator
D) Abstract geometric patterns
  • 2. What is unique about the Pantocrator mosaics in the apses?
A) They were never restored
B) They are the largest mosaics in Rome
C) They are the earliest surviving examples of this depiction
D) They were created by anonymous monks
  • 3. What is the estimated date of the Pantocrator mosaics?
A) 5th or 7th century
B) 8th or 9th century
C) 4th century
D) 3rd or 4th century
  • 4. What phrase is inscribed in the traditio legis mosaic?
A) DOMINUS VOBISCUM
B) IN HOC SIGNO VINCES
C) DOMINUS PACEM DAT
D) PAX VOBISCUM
  • 5. What do the sheep in the traditio legis mosaic represent?
A) The twelve apostles
B) Christ's role as shepherd
C) The wealth of the empire
D) A pagan sacrifice
  • 6. What does Christ's golden robe in the mosaic suggest?
A) Power and supremacy
B) His poverty and humility
C) His mortal status
D) His birth in Bethlehem
  • 7. What do the 4th-century ambulatory vault mosaics depict?
A) Lives of the saints
B) Constantina's family history
C) Crucifixion scenes
D) Secular, non-Christian motifs
  • 8. What is a common theme found in the ambulatory vault mosaics?
A) Imperial seals
B) Military battles
C) Vine and plant ornament
D) Angelic choirs
  • 9. Why did the building become known as the 'Tempio di Bacco' during the Renaissance?
A) Because it was a vineyard
B) Because the architecture looked like a wine press
C) Due to the predominance of pagan grape-picking imagery
D) Because it was built by Bacchus
  • 10. What do the naturalistic ornaments in the ambulatory mosaics suggest to the viewer?
A) The history of agriculture
B) The wealth of the Roman Empire
C) The fertility of the soil
D) The promise of beauty and abundance in Heaven
  • 11. Where else is the scene of cupids picking grapes found?
A) Constantina's sarcophagus
B) The Pantheon
C) The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
D) The Colosseum walls
  • 12. What do the pagan-style mosaics in the ambulatory reflect about the time period?
A) The total destruction of Roman heritage
B) The rejection of all Christian art
C) The dominance of eastern influence
D) The transition from paganism to Christianity
  • 13. What is noted about the floor mosaics in the mausoleum?
A) They were added in the 12th century
B) They are similar in style to the ambulatory mosaics
C) They have been completely destroyed
D) They are made of marble rather than glass
  • 14. Which Roman deity is associated with the grapevine scrolls in the mosaics?
A) Apollo
B) Bacchus
C) Mars
D) Jupiter
  • 15. How does the text describe the state of the ambulatory vault mosaics?
A) They were completely replaced in the Renaissance
B) They have needed little restoration
C) They are heavily faded
D) They are crumbling rapidly
  • 16. What kind of art are the mosaics of Santa Costanza considered important examples of?
A) Renaissance sculpture
B) Early Christian art
C) Gothic architecture
D) Baroque painting
  • 17. What helped historians determine that the church was once covered in mosaics?
A) Ancient blueprints
B) Written letters from Constantine
C) Renaissance-era illustrations
D) Modern digital reconstructions
  • 18. How many divisions of ornamental motifs are found in the ring vault mosaics?
A) Seven
B) Eleven
C) Twenty
D) Five
  • 19. Which color is mentioned as part of the mosaic color scheme?
A) Bright purple
B) Dark green
C) Neon blue
D) Vivid orange
  • 20. What type of backdrop is used for the ring vault mosaics?
A) A light backdrop
B) A textured stone backdrop
C) A gold-leaf backdrop
D) A dark blue backdrop
  • 21. When were the mosaics likely created in relation to the structure's completion?
A) Centuries later
B) During the Renaissance restoration
C) Before the structure was finished
D) Very soon after
  • 22. What was the original purpose of Santa Costanza?
A) A public bathhouse
B) A mausoleum for Constantine's daughters
C) A royal palace
D) A dedicated city library
  • 23. Which other early Christian building shares a similar origin as a mausoleum with a circular plan?
A) Split Cathedral
B) The Colosseum
C) Hagia Sophia
D) The Pantheon
  • 24. What material is Santa Costanza primarily built from?
A) Brick-faced concrete
B) Timber and stucco
C) Cut limestone
D) Solid marble blocks
  • 25. How many windows are in the clerestory of Santa Costanza?
A) Four
B) Eight
C) Twelve
D) Sixteen
  • 26. What is the diameter of the ambulatory in Santa Costanza?
A) 10 meters
B) 22.5 meters
C) 15.5 meters
D) 50 meters
  • 27. What structural element marks the cardinal points in the mausoleum?
A) Larger arches
B) Porphyry pillars
C) Gold mosaics
D) Marble statues
  • 28. What do the number of arches, column pairs, and windows likely reference?
A) The Twelve Apostles
B) The Twelve Emperors
C) The Twelve Months
D) The Twelve Zodiac signs
  • 29. How does the design of the dome/vault differ from earlier building styles mentioned?
A) Earlier styles typically used flat wooden roofs
B) Earlier styles used metal roofing exclusively
C) Earlier styles were always open-air
D) Earlier styles were never built with stone
  • 30. What type of capitals decorate the granite columns?
A) Corinthian capitals
B) Ionic capitals
C) Doric capitals
D) Composite capitals
  • 31. Who was Constantina the daughter of?
A) Constantia
B) Saint Agnes
C) Helena
D) Constantine I
  • 32. Where is the Mausoleum of Constantina located?
A) Ravenna
B) Rome
C) Constantinople
D) Milan
  • 33. The mausoleum is located within which complex?
A) Vatican Museum
B) Colosseum
C) Forum Romanum
D) Sant'Agnese fuori le mura
  • 34. In what year did Constantina die?
A) 354
B) 338
C) 313
D) 400
  • 35. What is the shape of the mausoleum's plan?
A) Circular
B) Octagonal
C) Cross-shaped
D) Rectangular
  • 36. Where is the porphyry sarcophagus of Constantina currently located?
A) In the Catacombs
B) Vatican Museum
C) In the mausoleum
D) In the Basilica
  • 37. How can the missing mosaic of the central dome be reconstructed?
A) It cannot be reconstructed
B) By using 16th-century watercolours
C) By interpreting descriptions in ancient texts
D) By archaeological excavation
  • 38. What kind of road is the Via Nomentana?
A) An ancient Roman route
B) A bridge crossing
C) A private garden path
D) A modern highway
  • 39. How old was Saint Agnes when she was martyred?
A) Thirteen
B) Ten
C) Thirty
D) Twenty
  • 40. What was the purpose of the adjacent basilica built in 338?
A) Funerary hall
B) Baths
C) Imperial throne room
D) Marketplace
  • 41. In what year was the construction of the funerary hall or Constantinian basilica begun?
A) 1254
B) 865
C) 338
D) 350
  • 42. Around what year was the mausoleum built?
A) 335
B) 1254
C) 338
D) 350
  • 43. From where was Constantina's body brought back to be buried?
A) Rome
B) Via Labicana
C) Bithynia
D) Gaul
  • 44. From where was Helena's body brought to be buried?
A) Via Tiburtina
B) Bithynia
C) Gaul
D) Via Appia
  • 45. Which basilica is believed to be the burial place of Pope Mark?
A) The Constantinian basilica
B) San Sebastiano fuori le mura
C) The basilica on Via Prenestina
D) The anonymous basilica on Via Ardeatina
  • 46. In what year was 'Santa Costanza' first recorded as the name of the mausoleum?
A) 350
B) 338
C) 1254
D) 865
  • 47. Who consecrated the mausoleum as a church in 1254?
A) Pope Nicholas I
B) Pope Silvester I
C) Pope Alexander IV
D) Pope Mark
  • 48. What happened to the Constantinian basilica over time?
A) It was converted into a palace
B) It fell into ruins
C) It was destroyed by fire
D) It was completely restored
  • 49. How much of the Constantinian basilica's exterior wall circuit survives today?
A) About one third
B) About half
C) Only the foundation
D) It is entirely intact
  • 50. Which figure is credited with recording the location of Constantina's body being brought from Bithynia?
A) Ammianus
B) Pope Silvester I
C) Constantine
D) Pope Nicholas I
  • 51. Who made watercolour copies of the surviving mosaics in the central dome between 1538 and 1540?
A) Moses
B) Elias
C) Francisco de Holanda
D) Constantina
  • 52. Which Old Testament figure is mentioned in relation to the sacrifice on Mount Carmel?
A) Elias
B) Abel
C) Cain
D) Noah
  • 53. What is thought to have been depicted in the upper row of mosaics?
A) Old Testament myths
B) Roman historical battles
C) Greek mythological creatures
D) New Testament scenes
  • 54. What material is the sarcophagus of Constantina made from?
A) Limestone
B) Porphyry
C) Granite
D) Marble
  • 55. What is the primary color of the stone used for the sarcophagus?
A) Red
B) White
C) Black
D) Purple
  • 56. Where was the stone for the sarcophagus quarried?
A) Mons Porphyriticus, Egypt
B) Constantinople, Turkey
C) Athens, Greece
D) Rome, Italy
  • 57. Which Roman group was exclusively permitted to use porphyry?
A) The clergy
B) High-ranking senators
C) The imperial family
D) The Praetorian Guard
  • 58. What figures are featured in the vine-stem patterns on the sarcophagus?
A) Angels
B) Dragons
C) Cherubs
D) Lions
  • 59. What bird is depicted on the sarcophagus as a symbol of immortality?
A) Eagle
B) Owl
C) Dove
D) Peacock
  • 60. How many portrait heads are on the lid of the sarcophagus?
A) Two
B) Six
C) Four
D) Eight
  • 61. Who is the larger sarcophagus now thought to have actually belonged to?
A) Helena
B) Constantina
C) Julian the Apostate
D) Constantine I
  • 62. When was the smaller sarcophagus moved into the transept of St Peter's?
A) 1550
B) 1606
C) 1992
D) 1780
  • 63. What was the length of the sarcophagus chest?
A) 157 cm
B) 233 cm
C) 128 cm
D) 200 cm
  • 64. Which researcher performed the computer reconstruction of the triconch structure?
A) Constantine I
B) Santa Costanza
C) David J. Stanley
D) Julian the Apostate
  • 65. What shaped structure was excavated beneath the church in 1987 and 1992?
A) Circular
B) Triconch
C) Rectangular
D) Octagonal
  • 66. Which historical figure was the husband of Helena?
A) A local Roman governor
B) Constantine I
C) The Pope
D) Julian the Apostate
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