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Colonial Brazil - Quiz
Contributed by: Guy
  • 1. What is Colonial Brazil also referred to as?
A) New Portugal
B) The Lusophone Empire
C) Portuguese America
D) Spanish Brazil
  • 2. In what year did Portuguese arrivals mark the beginning of Colonial Brazil?
A) 1815
B) 1530
C) 1500
D) 1494
  • 3. In what year was Brazil elevated to a kingdom in union with Portugal?
A) 1700
B) 1500
C) 1815
D) 1494
  • 4. How many years of Brazilian colonial history are mentioned?
A) 200 years
B) 400 years
C) 100 years
D) 300 years
  • 5. What was the economic activity of the first economic cycle in colonial Brazil?
A) Brazilwood extraction
B) Gold mining
C) Diamond mining
D) Sugar production
  • 6. What gave the territory of Brazil its name?
A) The gold mines
B) The Amazon River
C) Brazilwood
D) The King of Portugal
  • 7. What was the economic activity of the second main economic cycle in colonial Brazil?
A) Rubber tapping
B) Brazilwood extraction
C) Coffee cultivation
D) Sugar production
  • 8. What was the economic activity of the final economic cycle in colonial Brazil?
A) Tobacco farming
B) Cattle ranching
C) Brazilwood extraction
D) Gold and diamond mining
  • 9. Where did most of the workforce for the Brazilian export economy come from after the initial period?
A) Africa
B) Asia
C) North America
D) Europe
  • 10. Who provided the workforce during the brief initial period of the export economy?
A) Slaves from Africa
B) Portuguese colonists
C) Indigenous groups
D) Spanish merchants
  • 11. What was the main purpose of Indigenous slavery during the early colonial period?
A) To mine gold
B) To cut brazilwood
C) To cultivate sugar
D) To build port cities
  • 12. Where was the colony of Brazil settled mainly by the Portuguese?
A) In the coastal area
B) In the Andean highlands
C) In the southern plains
D) In the Amazon basin
  • 13. What population worked heavily on sugar plantations and mines alongside the Portuguese?
A) Spanish settlers
B) A free Asian labor force
C) A large European indentured servant population
D) A large black slave population
  • 14. Unlike Portuguese Brazil, what did neighboring Spanish possessions have?
A) No coastal settlements
B) Several viceroyalties
C) A single monarch
D) Only one governor
  • 15. What undermined Brazil's sugar age?
A) The exhaustion of gold mines
B) A massive drought
C) The growth of the sugar industry in the Caribbean
D) The abolition of slavery
  • 16. On what types of locations did European powers seize islands to grow sugar and undermine Brazil?
A) The Caribbean
B) The Pacific
C) The Indian Ocean
D) The Mediterranean
  • 17. Where were gold and diamonds discovered and mined through the end of the colonial era?
A) The western borderlands
B) Southern Brazil
C) Northern Brazil
D) The Amazon region
  • 18. What kind of cities were Brazilian cities largely?
A) Mining camps
B) Inland agricultural hubs
C) Mountain fortresses
D) Port cities
  • 19. From which city was the colonial administrative capital moved?
A) Salvador
B) Rio de Janeiro
C) Lisbon
D) São Paulo
  • 20. To which city was the colonial administrative capital moved?
A) Rio de Janeiro
B) Recife
C) Brasília
D) Salvador
  • 21. What caused the colonial administrative capital to be moved?
A) A Spanish invasion
B) An earthquake
C) The rise and fall of export products' importance
D) The discovery of the Amazon river
  • 22. What political structure did Brazil maintain upon independence, unlike Spanish America?
A) A federation of independent states
B) A parliamentary republic
C) A collection of separate colonies
D) A single administrative unit under a monarch
  • 23. What was the name of the monarchy Brazil became upon independence?
A) United States of Brazil
B) Republic of Brazil
C) Empire of Brazil
D) Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil
  • 24. What did Brazil become as a result of remaining a single administrative unit?
A) The only European territory in the Americas
B) The wealthiest nation in the world
C) The largest country in Latin America
D) The most populous Spanish colony
  • 25. What was a core source of cohesion among Spain's vast and multi-ethnic territories?
A) Protestantism and trade
B) The Portuguese language
C) Spanish and Roman Catholicism
D) Local indigenous laws
  • 26. What two elements united Brazilian society?
A) Spanish and Roman Catholicism
B) Indigenous languages and Protestantism
C) French and the sugar trade
D) The Portuguese language and Roman Catholicism
  • 27. What is Brazil noted as in the Americas regarding its language?
A) The only Francophone polity
B) The only Anglophone polity
C) The only Hispanic polity
D) The only Lusophone polity
  • 28. What nation pioneered the European charting of sea routes between continents?
A) Britain
B) Spain
C) France
D) Portugal
  • 29. What process was begun by Portugal's charting of sea routes?
A) Colonization of Asia
B) Industrialization
C) Globalization
D) The Renaissance
  • 30. What fields saw pronounced advancements during the early years of Portuguese exploration?
A) Medicine, mathematics, and weaving
B) Agriculture, metallurgy, and astronomy
C) Printing, architecture, and weaponry
D) Cartography, shipbuilding, and navigational instruments
  • 31. In what year was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed?
A) 1530
B) 1815
C) 1494
D) 1500
  • 32. Who divided the New World between the two Iberian Peninsula kingdoms in 1494?
A) The Treaty of Tordesillas
B) King Manuel I
C) The Pope
D) Pedro Álvares Cabral
  • 33. Which two kingdoms divided the New World in the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A) Spain and France
B) Portugal and England
C) The two kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula
D) Portugal and the Netherlands
  • 34. Which navigator landed in what is now Brazil in 1500?
A) Christopher Columbus
B) Ferdinand Magellan
C) Pedro Álvares Cabral
D) Vasco da Gama
  • 35. In whose name did Pedro Álvares Cabral lay claim to Brazil?
A) King Manuel I of Portugal
B) King John II of Portugal
C) The Pope
D) King Ferdinand of Spain
  • 36. What valuable resource did the Portuguese identify in brazilwood?
A) A medicinal herb
B) A spice for food preservation
C) A building timber
D) A red dye source
  • 37. What did the Portuguese attempt to force indigenous groups in Brazil to do with brazilwood?
A) Cut the trees
B) Transport it to Spain
C) Plant more trees
D) Burn the forests
  • 38. What type of product was brazilwood considered by the Portuguese?
A) A prohibited export
B) An exploitable product
C) An agricultural crop
D) A sacred plant
  • 39. In which century did Portuguese seafarers begin to expand from the Iberian Peninsula?
A) Early fourteenth century
B) Early sixteenth century
C) Early seventeenth century
D) Early fifteenth century
  • 40. What Muslim fortress in North Africa was seized by the Portuguese?
A) Melilla
B) Tangier
C) Ceuta
D) Casablanca
  • 41. What type of fortified commercial settlements did the Portuguese set up?
A) Encomiendas
B) Haciendas
C) Presidios
D) Feitorias
  • 42. Who bore the initial costs of setting up the Portuguese commercial posts?
A) The Catholic Church
B) Private investors
C) The Portuguese Crown
D) Local African rulers
  • 43. Which mariner sailed for Castile to the Caribbean?
A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Christopher Columbus
C) Vasco da Gama
D) Pedro Alvares Cabral
  • 44. According to the Treaty of Tordesillas, land discovered west of the meridian belonged to whom?
A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) The Netherlands
D) France
  • 45. What is the modern name of the place where Cabral arrived in Brazil?
A) Rio de Janeiro
B) Salvador
C) São Vicente
D) Porto Seguro
  • 46. How many ships were in Cabral's fleet when he reached Brazil?
A) 20 ships
B) 3 ships
C) 13 ships
D) 8 ships
  • 47. Approximately how many men were in Cabral's fleet?
A) Exactly 5,000 men
B) Roughly 500 men
C) More than 1,000 men
D) Around 200 men
  • 48. Where was Cabral's fleet originally heading before landing in Brazil?
A) West Africa
B) The Azores
C) India
D) China
  • 49. Whose route around Africa was Cabral following?
A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Christopher Columbus
C) Vasco da Gama
D) Vicente Yáñez Pinzón
  • 50. How many days did Cabral spend safely entering and leaving Brazil?
A) One year
B) Three days
C) Thirty days
D) Ten days
  • 51. Which Spanish navigator came to the northeastern coast of Brazil just a few months before Cabral?
A) Alonso de Ojeda
B) Vicente Yáñez Pinzón
C) Amerigo Vespucci
D) Juan de la Cosa
  • 52. How many Spanish men were killed when Pinzón's men were captured by indigenous people?
A) All of his men
B) Eight men
C) Fifteen men
D) Two men
  • 53. What is a degredado?
A) An indigenous leader
B) A criminal exile
C) A naval captain
D) A royal tax collector
  • 54. Where was brazilwood extracted from?
A) The coastal savannah
B) Dry desert regions
C) Highland mountain ranges
D) The tropical rainforest
  • 55. Who initially performed the work of extracting brazilwood for the Europeans?
A) Portuguese convicts
B) Enslaved Africans
C) Spanish mercenaries
D) The natives
  • 56. Who lived among the Guaianaz tribe near today's São Paulo?
A) Diogo Álvares Correia
B) Vicente Yáñez Pinzón
C) Martim Afonso de Sousa
D) João Ramalho
  • 57. What alternative name was acquired by Diogo Álvares Correia?
A) Caramuru
B) Ramalho
C) Pinzón
D) Cabral
  • 58. Which tribe did Diogo Álvares Correia (Caramuru) live among near today's Salvador?
A) Tupinambá
B) Guaianaz
C) Guarani
D) Yanomami
  • 59. Which European country started sending excursions to Brazil to extract brazilwood, worrying the Portuguese?
A) England
B) France
C) Spain
D) The Netherlands
  • 60. In what year did an expedition led by Martim Afonso de Sousa arrive in Brazil?
A) 1500
B) 1492
C) 1580
D) 1530
  • 61. What was the name of one of the first colonial villages created on the coast by Martim Afonso de Sousa's expedition?
A) Porto Seguro
B) Rio de Janeiro
C) São Vicente
D) Recife
  • 62. Into how many private, hereditary captaincies was the land initially divided?
A) Twelve
B) Fifteen
C) Twenty
D) Ten
  • 63. How did Pernambuco achieve success?
A) Trading spices with India
B) Growing sugarcane
C) Mining for gold
D) Enslaving indigenous native people
  • 64. Who did Tomé de Sousa bring along to set up missions?
A) Spanish soldiers
B) Franciscan monks
C) Jesuit priests
D) Dominican friars
  • 65. What did the Jesuit priests forbid the natives to do?
A) Travel to Europe
B) Learn Portuguese
C) Express their own cultures
D) Grow sugarcane
  • 66. Who did the Portuguese expel with the help of the Jesuits' work?
A) The Spanish
B) The French
C) The Dutch
D) The British
  • 67. Which island's successful colonization inspired the hereditary captaincies system in Brazil?
A) Madeira
B) Azores
C) São Tomé
D) Cape Verde
  • 68. Who owned the successful captaincy of Pernambuco?
A) Duarte Coelho
B) Tomé de Sousa
C) Mem de Sá
D) Martim Afonso de Sousa
  • 69. What city was founded by Duarte Coelho in 1536?
A) Rio de Janeiro
B) Olinda
C) São Vicente
D) Salvador
  • 70. What were the sugarcane mills installed in Pernambuco after 1542 called?
A) Plantations
B) Engenhos
C) Haciendas
D) Fincas
  • 71. In what year did Tomé de Sousa set sail to establish a central government in Brazil?
A) 1565
B) 1556
C) 1549
D) 1534
  • 72. In which state is the city of Salvador located today?
A) São Paulo
B) Bahia
C) Rio de Janeiro
D) Pernambuco
  • 73. Near which bay was the city of Salvador built?
A) Rio de Janeiro Bay
B) Todos os Santos Bay is not mentioned
C) Guanabara Bay
D) All Saints Bay
  • 74. When was the Diocese of São Salvador da Bahia established?
A) 1549
B) 1621
C) 1551
D) 1556
  • 75. What years did Duarte da Costa govern Brazil?
A) 1553–1557
B) 1621–1640
C) 1557–1573
D) 1549–1553
  • 76. Who was the first bishop of Brazil, who was killed and eaten in 1556?
A) Pero Fernandes Sardinha
B) Mem de Sá
C) Duarte Coelho
D) Tomé de Sousa
  • 77. Which indigenous group killed and ate the first bishop of Brazil after a shipwreck?
A) Guarani
B) Caeté
C) Botocudo
D) Tupinambá
  • 78. What years did Mem de Sá govern Brazil?
A) 1549–1553
B) 1763–1775
C) 1553–1557
D) 1557–1573
  • 79. With whose help did Mem de Sá expel the French from France Antarctique?
A) The Spanish navy
B) The Jesuits
C) The local indigenous tribes
D) The Franciscan friars
  • 80. What relation was Estácio de Sá to Mem de Sá?
A) Brother
B) Son
C) Cousin
D) Nephew
  • 81. In what year was the colony divided in two due to its huge size?
A) 1621
B) 1775
C) 1763
D) 1549
  • 82. Which king created the two states of Brasil and Maranhão in 1621?
A) John III
B) Philip II
C) Sebastian I
D) Manuel I
  • 83. In what year was the state of Maranhão further divided into Maranhão e Piauí and Grão-Pará e Rio Negro?
A) 1737
B) 1763
C) 1775
D) 1621
  • 84. What was the capital of Grão-Pará e Rio Negro?
A) São Luís
B) Belém do Pará
C) Rio de Janeiro
D) Salvador
  • 85. What title did governors of Brazil belonging to the high nobility start to use after 1640?
A) Capitão-mor
B) Ouvidor-geral
C) Vice-rei (Viceroy)
D) Governador-Geral
  • 86. In what year was the capital of the State of Brazil transferred from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro?
A) 1621
B) 1763
C) 1775
D) 1549
  • 87. In what year were all Brazilian States unified into the Viceroyalty of Brazil?
A) 1640
B) 1763
C) 1621
D) 1775
  • 88. What was each colonial village and city's council called in Portuguese?
A) Câmara municipal
B) Conselho colonial
C) Assembleia local
D) Câmara dos deputados
  • 89. What responsibilities did colonial city councils have?
A) Regulating commerce, public infrastructure, professional artisans, prisons etc.
B) Setting foreign policy and declaring war on European rivals
C) Managing the sugar export tax revenue for the king
D) Appointing the Governor-General and high magistrates
  • 90. What was the main spiritual justification for the Portuguese conquests?
A) Finding precious metals
B) Spreading the Catholic faith
C) Expanding European trade routes
D) Establishing military outposts
  • 91. In what year was the city of Rio de Janeiro founded with the help of the Jesuits?
A) 1552
B) 1765
C) 1565
D) 1595
  • 92. Where was the first grammar of the Tupi language printed in 1595?
A) São Paulo
B) Rio de Janeiro
C) Salvador
D) Coimbra
  • 93. What were the communities of resettlement created by the Jesuits called?
A) Capitancies
B) Missions
C) Aldeias
D) Reductions
  • 94. Did the Jesuits generally object to the enslavement of African people?
A) Only after 1765
B) Only initially
C) No
D) Yes
  • 95. What unintended negative consequence did the Jesuits bring to the aborigines?
A) Destruction of European architecture
B) Loss of agricultural skills
C) Infectious diseases
D) Forced military conscription
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