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Stoicism - Quiz
Contributed by: Daly
  • 1. According to the Stoics, what is the nature of all beings (ὄντα)?
A) Immaterial
B) Abstract
C) Spiritual
D) Material
  • 2. Which of the following is considered an incorporeal (asomata) by the Stoics?
A) Pneuma
B) Substance
C) Time
D) Matter
  • 3. How many incorporeals (asomata) did the Stoics identify?
A) Two
B) Eight
C) Four
D) Six
  • 4. What status do the Stoics deny to universals?
A) Causality
B) Existence
C) Materiality
D) Subsisting
  • 5. What is the 'Substance' (ὑποκείμενον) category defined as?
A) A relative position
B) A specific size
C) Primary matter
D) A temporal relation
  • 6. What serves as the physical ingredient (pneuma) that informs matter?
A) Void
B) Place
C) Quality
D) Time
  • 7. Which category describes particular characteristics like size, shape, and posture?
A) Somehow disposed
B) Quality
C) Substance
D) Somehow disposed in relation to something
  • 8. Which category involves characteristics related to other phenomena?
A) Substance
B) Quality
C) Somehow disposed in relation to something
D) Somehow disposed
  • 9. The Stoics believed that if an object is red, it is because:
A) It lacks substance
B) A universal red body entered the object
C) It is an incorporeal entity
D) It is merely a mental construct
  • 10. Which ancient philosopher influenced the Stoic idea that an object is hot because of a universal body?
A) Socrates
B) Epicurus
C) Plato
D) Anaxagoras
  • 11. What are the four Stoic categories?
A) Substance, Quality, Somehow disposed, Somehow disposed in relation to something
B) Body, Soul, Mind, Breath
C) Time, Place, Void, Sayable
D) Material, Immaterial, Subsisting, Universal
  • 12. Which of these is NOT an incorporeal according to the text?
A) Place
B) Void
C) Sayable
D) Substance
  • 13. What is meant by the term 'ousia' in the context of Stoic categories?
A) Universal quality
B) Formless substance
C) Time
D) Breath
  • 14. How do Stoics define an argument?
A) A collection of five indemonstrable syllogisms
B) A list of paradoxes requiring resolution
C) A set of variables representing truth values
D) A compound or system of premises and a conclusion
  • 15. What is the second premise in the example: 'If it is day, it is light; It is day; Therefore it is light'?
A) It is light
B) If it is day
C) It is day
D) Therefore it is light
  • 16. How many basic argument forms did Chrysippus list?
A) Six
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
  • 17. What is the name given to Chrysippus's basic argument forms?
A) Themata
B) Variables
C) Paradoxes
D) Indemonstrables
  • 18. Which logical form is described as 'modus tollens' in the text?
A) The second indemonstrable
B) The first indemonstrable
C) The fourth indemonstrable
D) The third indemonstrable
  • 19. What can be used to reduce complex syllogisms to indemonstrables?
A) Assertibles
B) Themata
C) Liar paradoxes
D) Variables
  • 20. How many themata survived according to the text?
A) Four
B) Three
C) Two
D) One
  • 21. What is the 'first thema' also known as?
A) A rule of antilogism
B) A chain syllogism rule
C) The cut rule
D) The principle of double negation
  • 22. What was the function of the third thema?
A) A rule for the Sorites paradox
B) A way to identify variables
C) A cut rule for chain syllogisms
D) A method for defining assertibles
  • 23. Who introduced a simpler method for reducing syllogisms?
A) Chrysippus
B) Sextus Empiricus
C) Zeno of Citium
D) Antipater of Tarsus
  • 24. What is the 'Liar paradox'?
A) A chain syllogism rule
B) A variation of the fourth indemonstrable
C) A question about grains of wheat
D) A man says he is lying
  • 25. What does the Sorites paradox challenge?
A) The rule of antilogism
B) The idea of true or false via vagueness
C) The definition of an assertible
D) The existence of indemonstrable arguments
  • 26. What is the 'Sorites' paradox also known as?
A) Liar
B) Cut
C) Assertible
D) Heap
  • 27. What was Stoicism originally called?
A) Panaetiusism
B) Zenonism
C) Socratism
D) Cynicism
  • 28. Who was the founding father of the Cynics?
A) Socrates
B) Panaetius
C) Zeno
D) Antisthenes
  • 29. Who followed Cleanthes as the leader of the Stoic school?
A) Marcus Aurelius
B) Panaetius
C) Epictetus
D) Chrysippus
  • 30. Which phase of Stoicism includes Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius?
A) The Middle Stoa
B) The Classical Stoa
C) The Late Stoa
D) The Early Stoa
  • 31. Which phase of Stoicism includes Panaetius and Posidonius?
A) The Late Stoa
B) The Middle Stoa
C) The Early Stoa
D) The Roman Stoa
  • 32. How much of the works from the first two phases of Stoicism survived?
A) All major works.
B) No complete works.
C) Only fragments of letters.
D) The complete works of Chrysippus.
  • 33. Which texts are the only Stoic works to have survived?
A) The letters of Cleanthes.
B) Greek texts from the Early Stoa.
C) Roman texts from the Late Stoa.
D) The lecture notes of Zeno.
  • 34. When did Stoicism originate?
A) 4th century CE
B) Hellenistic period
C) Modern era
D) Renaissance period
  • 35. What is the Stoic term for universal reason?
A) Eudaimonia
B) Nature
C) Stoa
D) Logos
  • 36. Which of the following is NOT one of the three Stoic disciplines?
A) Physics
B) Metaphysics
C) Ethics
D) Logic
  • 37. What is the primary goal of Stoic ethics?
A) Wealth
B) Power
C) Pleasure
D) Eudaimonia
  • 38. How do Stoics view passions and anxieties?
A) Misguided reactions
B) Ultimate truth
C) Divine gifts
D) Necessary emotions
  • 39. What was the Stoa Poikile?
A) A school of medicine
B) A Roman government office
C) A painted colonnade
D) A sacred temple
  • 40. Which Roman Emperor was a Stoic adherent?
A) Augustus
B) Nero
C) Julius Caesar
D) Marcus Aurelius
  • 41. Stoic logic was primarily based on what?
A) Mathematical formulas
B) Imagery
C) Propositions
D) Terms
  • 42. What philosophical tradition did Stoicism emerge from?
A) Aristotelianism
B) Cynic tradition
C) Epicureanism
D) Platonism
  • 43. When did Stoicism experience a decline?
A) After Christianity became the state religion
B) Immediately after Zeno died
C) During the Renaissance
D) During the time of Marcus Aurelius
  • 44. What movement revived Stoicism during the Renaissance?
A) Gnosticism
B) Humanism
C) Scholasticism
D) Neostoicism
  • 45. Modern cognitive therapies were inspired by which philosophy?
A) Platonism
B) Epicureanism
C) Gnosticism
D) Stoicism
  • 46. Which of these traits is considered the highest good in Stoic ethics?
A) Monistic physics
B) Rational discourse
C) Public influence
D) Virtue
  • 47. Stoics claimed to be the most what of all ancient Western schools?
A) Experimental
B) Mystical
C) Systematic
D) Wealthy
  • 48. What is the Stoic term for the part of philosophy that examines reason?
A) Logike
B) Physike
C) Dialektike
D) Ethike
  • 49. According to the Stoics, what is required to achieve a happy life?
A) Physical strength
B) Divine intervention
C) Logical thought
D) Wealth accumulation
  • 50. What subject did the Stoics believe was impossible to understand without logic?
A) Mathematics
B) Astronomy
C) Biology
D) Ethics
  • 51. What field, alongside language and grammar, was included in the Stoic study of logic?
A) Medicine
B) Rhetoric
C) Painting
D) Music
  • 52. From which school of philosophy did Stoic logic originate?
A) Megarian school
B) Platonic academy
C) Peripatetic school
D) Epicurean school
  • 53. Under which school of philosophers did Zeno of Citium study?
A) The Academics
B) The Cynics
C) The Megarians
D) The Epicureans
  • 54. What type of logic did Chrysippus create?
A) Syllogistic logic
B) Mathematical logic
C) Inductive logic
D) Propositional logic
  • 55. What is the status of the original logical writings of Chrysippus?
A) Stored in the Library of Alexandria
B) Widely available in Greek
C) Almost entirely lost
D) Perfectly preserved
  • 56. What is another name for Stoic logic used in the text?
A) Dialectic
B) Grammatica
C) Epistemology
D) Rhetorica
  • 57. How do we know about the logical system of Chrysippus today?
A) Through accounts by later authors
B) Through oral traditions
C) Through archaeological excavations
D) Through original manuscripts
  • 58. What is the smallest unit in Stoic logic?
A) An assertible
B) A connective
C) A syllogism
D) A proposition
  • 59. How is the 'or' connective used by the Stoics classified?
A) Negated
B) Exclusive
C) Conditional
D) Inclusive
  • 60. What was the pseudo-conditional form added by later Stoics?
A) More p than q
B) Either p or not q
C) Since p then q
D) Because p then q
  • 61. What does a causal assertible look like?
A) Both p and q
B) If p then q
C) Since p then q
D) Because p then q
  • 62. What is the comparative assertible also known as?
A) Conditional
B) Conjunctive
C) Dissertive
D) Modal
  • 63. What is the term for the Stoic concept of approving or rejecting an impression?
A) Episteme
B) Phantasia
C) Katalepsis
D) Synkatathesis
  • 64. What is the Stoic term for opinion or hesitant approval?
A) Katalepsis
B) Episteme
C) Logos
D) Doxa
  • 65. Who can achieve true knowledge or 'episteme' according to the Stoics?
A) The passive matter
B) The common person
C) The Stoic sage
D) The primordial fire
  • 66. What term describes the Stoic belief that the divine is the totality of the Universe?
A) Pantheism
B) Solipsism
C) Dualism
D) Atheism
  • 67. What is the Stoic term for the destructive conflagration of the Universe?
A) Synkatathesis
B) Katalepsis
C) Ekpyrosis
D) Logos
  • 68. Which of these is NOT one of the four cardinal virtues mentioned in the text?
A) Prudence
B) Humility
C) Temperance
D) Fortitude
  • 69. How do Stoics classify external things like health and wealth?
A) Absolute evils
B) Essential virtues
C) Adiaphora
D) The foundation of happiness
  • 70. What is the Stoic term for the individual's will?
A) Apatheia
B) Eupatheia
C) Logos
D) Prohairesis
  • 71. According to the text, what is the best indicator of an individual's philosophy?
A) How they behave
B) Their social standing
C) What they say
D) Their formal education
  • 72. What is the state of being free from passions called?
A) Eudaimonia
B) Prohairesis
C) Logos
D) Apatheia
  • 73. Which term describes the rational, clear-headed emotional impulses experienced by a sage?
A) Prohairesis
B) Eupatheia
C) Apatheia
D) Adiaphora
  • 74. Which of the following is listed as a sub-passion under 'Fear'?
A) Rage
B) Envy
C) Malice
D) Timidity
  • 75. What is the Stoic view on the nature of the universe?
A) A chaotic battle between gods
B) A series of random events
C) A rigidly deterministic single whole
D) An illusion created by the mind
  • 76. What does the wise person experience when a genuine good is present?
A) Delight
B) Lust
C) Joy
D) Distress
  • 77. Which of the following is considered a good-feeling (eupatheia)?
A) Anger
B) Jealousy
C) Distress
D) Wish
  • 78. What does the term 'Adiaphora' refer to?
A) Things that are neither good nor bad
B) The passions
C) The four cardinal virtues
D) The processes of nature
  • 79. Which of these is a sub-feeling of 'Wish'?
A) Good intent
B) Rapture
C) Fright
D) Sadness
  • 80. Under what circumstances did the Stoics consider suicide to be permissible?
A) Whenever a person feels significant sadness
B) When circumstances prevent living a virtuous life
C) As a primary method of escaping poverty
D) After a person reaches a certain age
  • 81. Which philosophical school adopted Aristotle's logic in late antiquity?
A) The Neoplatonists
B) The Modernists
C) The Scholastics
D) The Stoics
  • 82. Who defended Aristotle's categories by arguing they should be seen as expressions rather than metaphysical realities?
A) Porphyry
B) Chrysippus
C) Boethius
D) Plotinus
  • 83. Who redeveloped propositional logic in the 12th century?
A) Aristotle
B) Peter Abelard
C) Boethius
D) Porphyry
  • 84. When was knowledge about Stoic logic as a complete system finally regained?
A) The 18th century
B) The 15th century
C) The 20th century
D) The 12th century
  • 85. How did the early Church Fathers view Stoicism?
A) As a primary religious text
B) As an outdated political system
C) As a pagan philosophy
D) As the foundation of the Church
  • 86. Which historical figure is credited with founding the Neostoicism movement?
A) Marcus Aurelius
B) Gottlob Frege
C) Justus Lipsius
D) Immanuel Kant
  • 87. Whose writings did Justus Lipsius primarily rely on for his work?
A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Seneca
D) Epictetus
  • 88. Who emphasized the work of Epictetus in his writing?
A) Justus Lipsius
B) Pierre Charron
C) Guillaume du Vair
D) Carl Prantl
  • 89. Which 20th-century logician began the reappraisal of Stoic logic?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) George Boole
C) Jan Łukasiewicz
D) Augustus De Morgan
  • 90. According to Susanne Bobzien, whose logic is remarkably similar to that of Chrysippus?
A) Gottlob Frege
B) Augustus De Morgan
C) Pierre Charron
D) Justus Lipsius
  • 91. Which modern technology is linked to the methods of reasoning studied by Chrysippus?
A) Steam engines
B) Digital computers
C) Mechanical clocks
D) Radio transmitters
  • 92. Whose 19th-century code is noted for being based on the relations studied by Chrysippus?
A) Carl Prantl
B) Jan Łukasiewicz
C) George Boole
D) Benson Mates
  • 93. What is the term Hadot uses to describe the constant practice and training of Stoics?
A) Topoi
B) Askēsis
C) Meditations
D) Discourses
  • 94. Which of the following did Epictetus identify as a type of act in his Discourses?
A) Memory
B) Conscience
C) Judgment
D) Perception
  • 95. According to Hadot, which Stoic act corresponds to physics?
A) Desire
B) Topoi
C) Judgment
D) Inclination
  • 96. According to Hadot, which Stoic act corresponds to ethics?
A) Desire
B) Judgment
C) Logic
D) Inclination
  • 97. Which modern therapeutic approach was directly inspired by Stoic philosophy?
A) Humanistic therapy
B) Rational emotive behavior therapy
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Gestalt therapy
  • 98. Who is credited with the quotation: 'It's not the events that upset us, but our judgments about the events'?
A) Albert Ellis
B) Chrysippus
C) Epictetus
D) Zeno of Citium
  • 99. The abbreviation SVF stands for which collection?
A) Scientific Verification of Fragments
B) Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta
C) Stoic Virtues Foundation
D) Standard Volumes of Facts
  • 100. Who published the Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta between 1903 and 1905?
A) Maximilian Adler
B) Albert Ellis
C) Hans von Arnim
D) Aaron T. Beck
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