A) Double helix B) Triple spiral C) Linear sheet D) Single loop
A) Lipid synthesis B) Genetic instructions C) Catalytic digestion D) Cellular respiration
A) Ribonucleic acid B) Polysaccharide C) Amino acid D) Phospholipid
A) Monosaccharides B) Fatty acids C) Nucleotides D) Polypeptides
A) Guanine B) Cytosine C) Thymine D) Uracil
A) Fructose B) Ribose C) Glucose D) Deoxyribose
A) Ionic bonds B) Hydrogen bonds C) Peptide bonds D) Covalent bonds
A) Ester bond B) Polypeptide bridge C) Glycosidic bond D) Phosphodiester linkage
A) Peptide bonds B) Hydrogen bonds C) Covalent bonds D) Disulfide bonds
A) Guanine B) Uracil C) Cytosine D) Thymine
A) Thymine B) Adenine C) Uracil D) Guanine
A) Monomers and polymers B) Pentoses and hexoses C) Phosphates and sugars D) Pyrimidines and purines
A) Adenine and thymine B) Thymine and cytosine C) Adenine and guanine D) Guanine and cytosine
A) Adenine and guanine B) Thymine and guanine C) Cytosine and adenine D) Thymine and cytosine
A) Non-ringed B) Double-ringed C) Single-ringed D) Triple-ringed
A) Double-ringed B) Branched C) Single-ringed D) Chain-like
A) Parallel B) Perpendicular C) Concentric D) Antiparallel
A) The sequence of four nucleobases B) The alternating phosphate groups C) The width of the double helix D) The buoyant density of the polymer
A) Replication B) Translation C) Transcription D) Duplication
A) Sugars B) Phosphates C) Amino acids D) Nucleotides
A) Transcription B) Replication C) Duplication D) Translation
A) Plasmids B) Ribosomes C) Chromosomes D) Nucleoli
A) During DNA replication B) During base-stacking C) During translation D) During transcription
A) On cell membranes B) In the cytoplasm C) In the ribosomes D) Inside the cell nucleus
A) Ribosomes and vacuoles B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) Mitochondria and chloroplasts
A) Within chloroplasts B) Inside mitochondria C) Inside the cell nucleus D) In the cytoplasm
A) Branched B) Circular C) Helical D) Linear
A) Transport proteins B) Chromatin proteins C) Enzymatic proteins D) Contractile proteins
A) Collagens B) Insulins C) Histones D) Keratins
A) Nucleoside B) Nucleic acid C) Polynucleotide D) Nucleotide
A) Nucleotide B) Nucleobase C) Polynucleotide D) Nucleoside
A) 34 ångströms B) 3.3 ångströms C) 22 ångströms D) 10 ångströms
A) Symmetrical B) Left-handed C) Bidirectional D) Right-handed
A) 3.4 g/cm3 B) 1.7 g/cm3 C) 1.0 g/cm3 D) 10.0 g/cm3
A) Ribose B) Galactose C) 2-deoxyribose D) Glucose
A) Triose B) Hexose C) Pentose D) Tetrose
A) Second and fourth carbon atoms B) Fourth and sixth carbon atoms C) First and second carbon atoms D) Third and fifth carbon atoms
A) Amino group B) Methyl group C) Phosphate group D) Hydroxyl group
A) Hydrogen group B) Phosphate group C) Carboxyl group D) Hydroxyl group
A) The orientation of the 3′ and 5′ carbons B) The double helix pitch C) The buoyant density of the polymer D) The presence of purines only
A) Covalent bonds and ionic interactions B) Hydrogen bonds and base-stacking interactions C) Hydrophobic tails and lipid bilayers D) Peptide bonds and disulfide bridges
A) Phosphodiester linkages B) Peptide linkages C) Glycosidic bonds D) Base-stacking interactions
A) Nucleic acids B) Enzymes C) Polysaccharides D) Steroids
A) They convert into RNA B) They fuse together C) They shorten D) They separate
A) Three B) One C) Two D) Four
A) Purines and pyrimidines B) Histones and chromatin C) Amino acids and proteins D) Sugar and phosphate groups
A) Hydrogen bond B) Peptide bond C) Phosphodiester bond D) Glycosidic bond
A) Eukaryotes B) Animals C) Plants D) Prokaryotes
A) Fused five- and six-membered rings B) Six-membered rings C) Fused six- and seven-membered rings D) Five-membered rings
A) 2,6-Diaminopurine B) Uracil C) 7-Methylguanine D) 5-methylcytosine
A) Escherichia coli B) Bacteriophage T4 C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A) 1925 B) 1905 C) 1984 D) 1953
A) Producing artificial nucleic acid analogues B) Replicating viral DNA C) Acting as a molecular immune system protecting from viruses D) Synthesizing new cell walls
A) Cell wall synthesis B) Gene expression C) Viral replication D) Ribosome assembly
A) N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine B) Base J C) 7-Methylguanine D) 5-Hydroxycytosine
A) 5-Methylcytosine B) 7-Deazaguanine C) Deoxyarchaeosine D) N6-methyadenine
A) α-Glutamythymidine B) 7-Deazaguanine C) N4-methylcytosine D) 5-Dihydroxypentauracil
A) 5-Formylcytosine B) 7-Methylguanine C) Uracil D) N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine
A) 2,6-Diaminopurine B) α-Putrescinylthymine C) 7-Deazaguanine D) N4-methylcytosine
A) Deoxyarchaeosine B) 5-Carboxylcytosine C) Base J D) N6-methyadenine
A) 5-Hydroxycytosine B) 5-Methylcytosine C) 5-Carboxylcytosine D) 5-Glycosylhydroxymethylcytosine
A) 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxyuracil B) N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine C) 7-Methylguanine D) 5-Hydroxycytosine
A) Base J B) 5-Methylcytosine C) α-Glutamythymidine D) α-Putrescinylthymine
A) α-Glutamythymidine B) α-Putrescinylthymine C) N4-methylcytosine D) Deoxyarchaeosine
A) 7-Deazaguanine B) 2,6-Diaminopurine C) N6-methyadenine D) Base J
A) 5-Glycosylhydroxymethylcytosine B) 5-Dihydroxypentauracil C) N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine D) 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxyuracil
A) α-Glutamythymidine B) 7-Methylguanine C) 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxyuracil D) 5-Carboxylcytosine
A) Base J B) 7-Deazaguanine C) 2,6-Diaminopurine D) Deoxyarchaeosine
A) Hydrogen bonds B) Transcription factors C) Base pairs D) Twin helical strands
A) Due to covalent bonding variations B) Because of adenine and thymine ratios C) Because of high temperature D) The strands are not symmetrically located with respect to each other
A) Minor groove B) Major groove C) Watson-Crick groove D) Hoogsteen groove
A) Hoogsteen form B) A form C) Ordinary B form D) Z form
A) The primary form in B-DNA B) Exclusive to transcription factors C) Rare variations D) Very common variations
A) Enzymes that form covalent bonds B) Minor groove binding proteins C) Mechanical force or high temperature D) Low temperature or transcription factors
A) All information is duplicated on each strand B) Hoogsteen base pairs must form C) The major groove must widen D) Covalent bonds must be broken
A) Transcription B) Melting C) Annealing D) Replication
A) Less stable B) More stable C) Unstable D) Equally stable
A) The telomere ends B) The TATAAT Pribnow box C) The ribosomal RNA gene core D) The centromere region
A) Yes, a rigid rod shape B) Yes, a spherical conformation C) Yes, a perfect helix D) No
A) 6.27 Gigabase pairs B) 16,569 base pairs C) 220 million base pairs D) 6.37 Gigabase pairs
A) 6.41 picograms B) 85 picograms C) 208.23 picograms D) 6.51 picograms
A) 85 mm B) 205.00 cm C) 6.37 cm D) 208.23 cm
A) 220 million B) 500 million C) 16,569 D) 6.37 billion
A) 16,569 mm B) 208 cm C) 85 mm D) 6.51 cm
A) 220 million B) 500 C) 16,569 D) 6.37 billion
A) 500 B) 100 C) 5 D) 1,500,000
A) 100 B) 16,569 C) 500 D) 1,500,000
A) 500 B) 100 C) 220 million D) 100,000
A) 100% B) 50% C) 10% D) 90%
A) Regulate egg cell mitochondria B) Produce 220 million base pairs C) Form closed circular molecules D) Encode a second protein
A) 6.41 picograms B) 205.00 picograms C) 6.51 picograms D) 16,569 picograms
A) 220 million base pairs B) 6.27 Gigabase pairs C) 16,569 base pairs D) 6.37 Gigabase pairs
A) Positive supercoiling B) Reverse supercoiling C) Negative supercoiling D) Neutral supercoiling
A) Alternative supercoiling B) Paracrystalline supercoiling C) Negative supercoiling D) Positive supercoiling
A) No supercoiling B) Slight negative supercoiling C) Extreme positive supercoiling D) Slight positive supercoiling
A) Patterson polymerases B) Bessel enzymes C) Topoisomerases D) Methylases
A) James Watson and Francis Crick B) Topoisomerase researchers C) Wilkins et al. D) Patterson
A) A-DNA B) Z-DNA C) B-DNA D) Left-handed DNA
A) Methylation B) Hydration C) Topoisomerase cleavage D) Bessel transformation
A) Sulfur B) Arsenic C) Carbon D) Nitrogen |