A) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat B) Teeth provide genetic information directly C) Teeth change shape with age D) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma
A) To classify latent prints at crime scenes B) To detect forged fingerprints C) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval D) To measure ridge density
A) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage B) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers C) Dental features rarely match across victims D) It requires no prior dental records
A) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow B) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics C) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers D) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry
A) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies B) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values C) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable D) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem
A) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval B) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age C) It allows automatic destruction of old records D) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink
A) As pattern-indeterminate B) As an arch pattern C) As a whorl pattern D) As a loop pattern
A) Tented arch B) Composite pattern C) Radial loop D) Plain whorl
A) Ridge count principle B) Principle of individuality C) Ridge density standard D) Principle of permanence
A) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern B) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only C) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis D) Reject the print based solely on the pattern
A) Universality B) Divergence C) Multiplicity D) Permanence
A) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting B) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match C) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences D) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail
A) Apply magnetic powder B) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection C) Use iodine fuming before rolling D) Cut the finger and discard the skin
A) Iodine fuming B) Powder dusting C) Ninhydrin D) Silver nitrate
A) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling B) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion C) Increase pressure to improve contrast D) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled
A) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder B) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed C) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse D) Superglue → black powder → ALS
A) Adhesive tape B) Gel lifter C) Ink transfer D) Heat transfer sheet
A) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate B) Powder converts pores into visible white marks C) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement D) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion
A) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval B) Immediately declare the print an identification C) Proceed directly to comparison D) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on
A) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first B) Conducting blind and independent verification C) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically D) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals
A) Composition B) Spectral Quality C) Exposure Value D) Light Intensity
A) Off-Camera Flash B) Bounce Flash C) Direct Flash D) Rear-Curtain Flash
A) Increased shadow definition B) Minimal textural visibility C) Soft blending of edges D) Lower contrast on surfaces
A) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail B) Produces softer and more diffused illumination C) Enhances only reflective surfaces D) Eliminates the need for a tripod
A) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors B) It avoids lens distortion C) It determines the shutter speed accuracy D) It limits the depth of field range
A) Increase flash synchronization B) Ensure realistic color tones C) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning D) Prevent overexposure
A) Reduce ISO to 100 B) Increase ISO to a higher value C) Narrow the aperture to f/16 D) Use a slower shutter speed
A) Exaggeration Prevention Rule B) Background Neutralization C) Evidence Size Documentation D) Horizontal Composition Rule
A) Wide aperture, auto ISO B) High ISO, fast shutter C) Small aperture, low ISO D) Slow shutter, high ISO
A) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light B) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence C) Increasing shutter time using a tripod D) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows
A) Light intensity remains constant B) Scene orientation is established C) Depth of field is minimized D) Flash reflection is avoided
A) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification B) Match the wavelength with white balance settings C) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background D) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence
A) Low ISO and fast shutter speed B) High ISO and wide aperture C) Narrow aperture with rear flash D) Slow shutter with diffused lighting
A) Telephoto may distort the color temperature B) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships C) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy D) Wide-angle removes depth of field
A) Image sensor B) ISO control C) Memory card slot D) Lens focusing ring
A) Telephoto lens B) Macro lens C) Standard lens D) Ultra-wide lens
A) Disable autofocus B) Raise ISO and narrow aperture C) Increase shutter speed D) Lower ISO and widen aperture
A) Rotating memory dial B) Selecting higher ASA film C) Changing film advance lever D) Adjusting lens mount
A) May remove shadow details entirely B) May shift color temperature drastically C) May increase exposure stability D) May misrepresent the distance between objects
A) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize B) Minimum focusing distance exceeded C) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast D) Image sensor malfunctioned
A) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody B) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing C) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible D) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities
A) The popularity of the analytical instrument used B) The financial value of the toxic substance detected C) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects D) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator
A) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation B) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not C) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances D) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen
A) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood B) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination C) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood D) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test
A) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain B) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` C) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container D) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure
A) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging B) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing C) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container D) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise
A) Sodium bicarbonate infusion B) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) C) High-dose vitamin K therapy D) Activated charcoal only
A) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor B) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not C) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color D) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin
A) A personal diary B) A handwritten personal letter C) A company memo D) A notarized affidavit
A) Stereomicroscope B) VSC C) IR lamp D) ESDA
A) The presence of signature tremors B) Pen pressure inconsistencies C) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink D) Paper fiber uniqueness
A) It measures paper thickness with high precision B) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging C) It detects the weight of ink residue D) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x
A) The writer used excessive pressure when signing B) The document contains natural handwriting variation C) Ink from different batches or pens was used D) The paper is of inferior quality
A) Forgery through tracing B) Freehand imitation C) Natural variation D) Disguised signature
A) Ink used was incompatible B) It is an authentic signature C) The signature may be simulated D) The writer was in a hurry
A) Class characteristics B) Line quality analysis C) Individual characteristics D) Natural variation
A) The paper is counterfeit B) The ink was exposed to moisture C) The lighting technique was incorrect D) Alteration likely occurred
A) Signature stamp or machine signature B) Typewriter output C) Simulation D) Freehand forgery
A) Impairment or loss of motor control B) A natural signature variation C) Possible disguise attempt D) Habitual writing behavior
A) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation B) To observe fatigue in writing C) To assess quality of ink D) To determine paper density
A) A mechanical copying method was used B) The writer used two pens intentionally C) The paper absorbed ink unevenly D) The writing is genuine
A) The signature is authentic with natural variation B) The signature is simulated C) The ink has degraded over time D) The writer was under stress
A) The note is genuine but old B) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials C) The UV lamp is defective D) The security thread has naturally faded
A) The ID is authentic but worn out B) The document was damaged by moisture C) Microprinting is naturally variable D) The hologram was transferred from a real ID
A) Skin conductance B) Pupil dilation C) Eye color D) Blood pressure
A) Subject’s favorite color B) Examiner skill and experience C) Ambient room temperature only D) Length of examination only
A) To directly detect lies about the incident B) To confuse the subject and induce errors C) To determine the subject’s memory capacity D) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison
A) It improves the detection of deception automatically B) Only physical factors matter, not psychological C) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses D) It has no measurable effect
A) Control phase B) Post-test phase C) In-test phase D) Pre-test phase
A) Thermometer B) Galvanometer C) Pneumograph D) Cardiograph
A) Ignore both responses B) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive C) Consider the relevant question deceptive D) Restart the entire test
A) Computer software B) Cardio sensor C) Galvanometer D) Pneumograph
A) To confuse the subject B) To directly confirm deception C) To establish baseline physiological responses D) To test memory retention
A) Only using computer software B) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions C) Only by visual inspection D) By ignoring baseline readings
A) Declare deception immediately B) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors C) Ignore inconsistencies D) Ask more irrelevant questions
A) Conclude deception automatically B) Increase the number of relevant questions C) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy D) Ignore the responses and continue
A) Subject is likely deceptive B) Examiner should add more control questions C) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive D) Subject is definitely truthful
A) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception B) Predict subject’s future behavior C) Measure subject’s memory accuracy D) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence
A) Ballistic chronograph B) Caliper C) Comparison microscope D) Rifling gauge
A) It prevents contamination of evidence B) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition C) It helps in measuring rifling impressions D) It identifies the firearm used
A) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence B) Photographing the suspect C) Comparing bullets in the laboratory D) Testing the firearm immediately
A) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits B) To determine the shooter’s intent C) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases D) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury
A) To identify firearm serial numbers B) To measure bullet speed and trajectory C) To compare rifling impressions D) To document cartridge case markings
A) Disassembling the firearm in open court B) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe C) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing D) Testing bullets in front of the jury
A) Class characteristics B) Individual characteristics C) Internal ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Rifle B) Machine gun C) Handgun D) Shotgun
A) Firing pin B) Cartridge case C) Bullet D) Primer
A) Internal ballistics B) External ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Class characteristics B) Ammunition design C) Internal ballistics D) Individual characteristics
A) External ballistics B) Class characteristics C) Terminal ballistics D) Individual characteristics
A) External ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Forensic ballistics
A) Internal ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) External ballistics D) Firearm classification
A) Bullet B) Gunpowder C) Primer D) Cartridge case
A) Determining class characteristics B) Evaluating firearm classification C) Assessing external ballistics D) Establishing individual characteristics
A) Test fire before collection B) Keep it loaded while packaging C) Hand it to anyone nearby D) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm
A) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion B) To measure bullet velocity accurately C) To assess terminal ballistics D) To determine firearm make and model
A) To test them before court B) To analyze gunpowder separately C) To load them for demonstration D) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings
A) Cleaning them immediately B) Keeping them in open air C) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging D) Polishing them for clarity
A) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. B) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. C) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. D) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise.
A) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. B) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. C) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. D) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. |