A) Monoculture planting B) Soil erosion C) Animal overgrazing D) Road construction
A) Water erosion B) Thermal degradation C) Seismic activity D) Volcanic ash deposition
A) By reducing soil temperature B) By promoting plant growth C) By increasing impermeable surfaces D) By increasing soil aeration
A) Overgrazing of animals B) Organic composting C) Crop rotation D) Drip irrigation
A) About 75% B) About 10% C) About 50% D) About 38%
A) More than 6 billion people B) About 1 billion people C) More than 2 billion people D) About 4 billion people
A) Reduced by over 75% B) Reduced by 50% C) Reduced by 10% D) Reduced by 5%
A) 80–100% B) 10–50% C) 1–5% D) 50–80%
A) Exactly 25% B) More than 50% C) Less than 10% D) Between 5% and 20%
A) Western Europe B) North America C) Developing countries D) Developed countries
A) 40.5% B) 2.1% C) 8.2% D) 50.0%
A) Mud flows and floods B) Tornadoes and hurricanes C) Tsunamis and wildfires D) Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
A) Glacial melting B) Desalination C) Eutrophication D) Soil alkalization
A) Agricultural inputs and industrial, urban, and road pollutants B) Only natural organic matter C) Fish nutrients D) Pure mineral deposits
A) US$44 billion B) US$915 million C) US$400 billion D) US$700 million
A) About US$400 billion B) About US$10 billion C) About US$1 trillion D) About US$44 billion
A) 2004 B) 1984 C) 1974 D) 1994
A) Central America B) Eastern Australia C) Densely populated South Asia D) Northern Europe
A) Permaculture gardening B) Monoculture planting C) Crop rotation D) Agroforestry
A) Sustainable forestry B) Improper agriculture practices C) Hydroponic farming D) Urban planning
A) Cover cropping B) No-till farming C) Tilling or plowing D) Mulching
A) Enhanced biodiversity B) Soil nutrient enrichment C) Increased crop yield D) Soil erosion acceleration
A) It has no impact on food security B) It improves food security C) It reduces food security D) It eliminates food shortages
A) Floods can degrade soil, and soil degradation can cause floods B) Soil prevents floods, and floods create soil C) Floods improve soil, and soil repairs floods D) There is no relationship between floods and soil
A) Dissolved calcium and magnesium B) Plankton and algae C) Freshwater and oxygen D) Pesticides and fertilizers
A) Because they have no ecological effect B) Because they disappear instantly C) Because they are completely natural D) Because of the multiplicity of the products and their broad spectrum of action
A) Perturbation B) Stabilization C) Enhancement D) Multiplication
A) Mutation B) Duplication C) Flourishing D) Disappearance
A) Increased species adaptation B) Expansion of ecosystems C) Animal migration and population boom D) Biodiversity loss and animal extinction
A) Pedolysis B) Retrogression C) Humification D) Climax
A) Retrogression B) Pedolysis C) Climax D) Succession
A) Pioneer species B) Bare rock outcrops C) Vegetation D) Original rock
A) Pioneer species B) Herbaceous vegetation C) Lichens and mosses D) Secondary communities
A) Pioneer species B) Mineral horizons C) Secondary communities D) Climax vegetation
A) Pioneer species B) Natural physical states C) Climax vegetation D) Human activity
A) 50% B) 33% C) 23% D) 25%
A) 23% B) 25% C) 50% D) 33%
A) 33% B) 23% C) 25% D) 50%
A) Secondary communities B) Shrubs C) Climax vegetation D) Pioneer species
A) B horizons B) Bare rock outcrops C) Peat bogs D) Herbaceous vegetation
A) Lichens B) Forest C) Bare rock D) Mosses
A) The A horizon B) The bedrock C) The C horizon D) The B horizon
A) Primary plant communities B) Pioneer horizons C) Climax vegetation horizons D) Mineral horizons (B horizons)
A) Retrogression B) Pedolysis C) Pioneer stage D) Climax
A) "Humus horizon" B) "Natural potential" C) "Bare rock outcrop" D) "Secondary community"
A) The erosion of the A horizon B) The removal of mineral nutrients C) The evolution towards climax D) The process of soil degradation
A) Strictly uniform across all biomes B) Consistently over a million years C) Always exactly one hundred years D) Very variable
A) The Pygmy forest sequence in Mendocino County, California B) The International Food Policy Research Institute soil map C) The University of Bonn pastureland D) The peat bogs of Washington
A) Through intensive human activity B) Naturally C) Via rapid soil erosion D) Through the creation of peat bogs
A) Older soils B) Soils dominated by pioneer species C) Soils in the earliest stages of succession D) Younger soils with only an A horizon
A) Climax B) Peat bog C) Pedolysis D) Biome
A) Biorhexistasy B) Continental drift C) Plate tectonics D) Natural selection
A) Chemically B) Thermally C) Radioactively D) Mechanically
A) Homeostasis B) Biostasy C) Catastrophism D) Rhexistasy
A) Fine clay particles B) Rich organic humus C) Dense vegetation mats D) Coarse detrital materials
A) Synthesis B) Metamorphosis C) Rhexistasy D) Biostasy
A) Horizontal displacement B) Ascending circulation C) Stagnant pooling D) Descending leaching
A) Neither, it is always stable B) No, it is always partial C) Yes D) No, it is always total
A) Leafy tree roots B) Humus layers C) Nothing D) The upper horizons
A) Clearing B) Establishing biostasy C) Planting grasses D) Building root barriers
A) Abusive cuts B) Pioneer condition avoidance C) Natural avalanche prevention D) Water barrier maintenance
A) Ascending circulation support B) Humus addition C) Wind barrier construction D) Litters raking
A) Long-term goals B) Government regulations C) Short-term benefits D) High financial costs
A) Northeast India B) Southern Cambodia C) Central Vietnam D) Northern Thailand
A) Synthetic chemical fertilizers B) Organic matter from termite mounds C) Sand and gravel mixtures D) Crushed limestone and volcanic ash
A) Chlorite B) Bentonite C) Illite D) Kaolinite
A) Quartz B) Smectite C) Kaolin D) Mica
A) Bangkok Agricultural Institute B) Chiang Mai University C) Khon Kaen University D) Thailand Science Research Council
A) 500 kg B) 200 kg C) 50 kg D) 100 kg
A) 73% B) 100% C) 50% D) 18%
A) 2008 B) 2005 C) 2010 D) 1998
A) Ten years B) Five years C) Three years D) One year
A) 1,000 farmers B) 250 farmers C) 500 farmers D) 100 farmers
A) 5% higher B) 73% higher C) 18% higher D) 35% higher
A) Vegetables B) Rubber trees C) Rice D) Corn
A) 200 farmers B) 400 farmers C) 20,000 farmers D) 250 farmers
A) A further 400 farmers B) A further 200 farmers C) A further 250,000 farmers D) A further 20,000 farmers |