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Six Sigma - Quiz
Contributed by: Woolley
  • 1. According to John Dodge, is the use of Six Sigma appropriate in a research environment?
A) Only for pure research
B) No
C) Only in basic research
D) Yes
  • 2. What does John Dodge state that Six Sigma's intense focus on reducing variability does to the discovery process?
A) Enhances it
B) Waters it down
C) Improves it
D) Speeds it up
  • 3. According to John Dodge, what side of discovery is stifled under Six Sigma?
A) The documented side
B) The commercial side
C) The serendipitous side
D) The analytical side
  • 4. What nature of brainstorming does John Dodge say is stifled under Six Sigma?
A) Free-wheeling
B) Metric-driven
C) Measured
D) Structured
  • 5. According to John Dodge, where does Six Sigma work best?
A) Incremental innovation when there's an expressed commercial goal
B) Pure basic research
C) Unstructured brainstorming environments
D) Blue skies research projects
  • 6. Whose introduction of Six Sigma at 3M had the effect of stifling creativity?
A) Andy Neely's
B) James McNerney's
C) Yasar Jarrar's
D) John Dodge's
  • 7. What publication reported the removal of Six Sigma from 3M's research function?
A) Going Lean
B) Cranfield School report
C) Design News
D) BusinessWeek
  • 8. Which school's professors are cited as saying Six Sigma leads to incremental innovation at the expense of blue skies research?
A) Stanford Graduate School
B) Cranfield School of Management
C) Harvard Business School
D) Wharton School
  • 9. What book explores the phenomenon of Six Sigma leading to incremental innovation at the expense of blue skies research?
A) BusinessWeek
B) Six Sigma Success
C) Design News
D) Going Lean
  • 10. According to the book Going Lean, what approach is described as related to Six Sigma?
A) Academic rigor
B) Free-wheeling brainstorming
C) Blue skies research
D) Lean dynamics
  • 11. What did data in the book Going Lean show about Ford's 6 Sigma program?
A) It enhanced blue skies research
B) It eliminated all variability
C) It greatly increased commercial success
D) It did little to change its fortunes
  • 12. Who criticized Six Sigma for potentially unduly dominating an organization's culture?
A) John Dodge and James McNerney
B) BusinessWeek editors
C) Yasar Jarrar and Andy Neely
D) Latzko and Ford
  • 13. What does much of the Six Sigma literature lack, according to Jarrar and Neely?
A) Case studies from GE
B) Website illustrations
C) Academic rigor
D) Commercial goals
  • 14. What is presented as the strongest evidence for Six Sigma's success?
A) Government statistics
B) Academic peer-reviewed journals
C) Documented case studies
D) Engineered metric reports
  • 15. Apart from leading organizations like GE and Motorola, how are most Six Sigma case studies illustrated?
A) In academic textbooks
B) In peer-reviewed journals
C) In government archives
D) On websites
  • 16. How are most documented cases of Six Sigma described aside from those from GE and Motorola?
A) Empirically proven
B) Sketchy
C) Extremely rigorous
D) Systemic
  • 17. What do the majority of website-illustrated case studies fail to mention?
A) The name of the company involved
B) The date of implementation
C) Specific Six Sigma methods that were used
D) The commercial goal
  • 18. According to Latzko (1995), what does management rely on that lulls them into the idea that something is being done about quality?
A) Six Sigma criteria
B) Blue skies research
C) Academic rigor
D) Lean dynamics
  • 19. According to Latzko (1995), when management relies on Six Sigma criteria, any resulting improvement is considered what?
A) Empirical
B) Guaranteed
C) Systemic
D) Accidental
  • 20. Who puts forward most of the evidence for Six Sigma's success?
A) Wharton School professors
B) Cranfield School faculty
C) Independent academic researchers
D) Consultants and people with vested interests
  • 21. Instead of making true improvements with Six Sigma, what does the text suggest people might just be getting skilled at?
A) Reducing variability
B) Telling stories
C) Conducting pure research
D) Brainstorming freely
  • 22. Achieving sustained quality improvement requires commitment from whom?
A) Only the entry-level manufacturing staff
B) The entire organization, particularly top-level management
C) External consultants exclusively
D) The customer base alone
  • 23. What did lean management and Six Sigma both get influenced by?
A) Medieval guild practices
B) Nineteenth-century railway operations
C) Japanese business culture
D) Ancient agricultural traditions
  • 24. Whose responsibility is it to prioritize areas of improvement?
A) Regulatory government bodies
B) Management of the organization
C) Suppliers of raw materials
D) External auditors
  • 25. Which thinker inspired the project methodologies used in Six Sigma?
A) Max Weber
B) Henry Ford
C) W. Edwards Deming
D) Frederick Winslow Taylor
  • 26. Which cycle inspired Six Sigma project methodologies?
A) Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle
B) Forecast-Execute-Review Cycle
C) Analyze-Design-Deploy Cycle
D) Design-Build-Test-Release Cycle
  • 27. How many phases do Six Sigma project methodologies have?
A) Seven phases
B) Three phases
C) Five phases
D) Ten phases
  • 28. What is DMADV used for?
A) Daily customer support operations
B) Routine financial auditing
C) Projects aimed at creating new product or process designs
D) Improving existing business processes
  • 29. What is the first phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Analyze
B) Define
C) Measure
D) Improve
  • 30. What is the second phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Measure
B) Control
C) Improve
D) Define
  • 31. What is the third phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Measure
B) Define
C) Analyze
D) Control
  • 32. What is the fourth phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Control
B) Define
C) Improve
D) Analyze
  • 33. What is the fifth phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Analyze
B) Control
C) Measure
D) Improve
  • 34. During the Measure phase of DMAIC, what is calculated?
A) The 'as-is' process capability
B) The ultimate financial return on investment
C) The executive compensation package
D) The future state defect rate
  • 35. What is another term for mistake proofing used in the Improve phase?
A) Andon
B) Poka yoke
C) Kaizen
D) Kanban
  • 36. What is set up during the Improve phase to establish process capability?
A) Long-term visual workplaces
B) Customer feedback forms
C) Initial brainstorming sessions
D) Pilot runs
  • 37. What is the purpose of the Control phase in DMAIC?
A) Ensure any deviations from the target are corrected before they result in defects
B) Identify the voice of the customer
C) Investigate cause and effect relationships
D) Calculate the 'as-is' process capability
  • 38. How long is the DMAIC process repeated?
A) Only for exactly one week
B) Until management decides to cancel all projects
C) Until the budget is completely exhausted
D) Until the desired quality level is obtained
  • 39. What step do some organizations add to the beginning of DMAIC?
A) Ignore
B) Outsource
C) Terminate
D) Recognize
  • 40. What acronym is formed when the Recognize step is added to DMAIC?
A) DPMO
B) RDMAIC
C) PDSA
D) DMADV
  • 41. Who introduced Six Sigma?
A) Jack Welch
B) Henry Ford
C) Bill Smith
D) Frederick Taylor
  • 42. At which company was Six Sigma introduced?
A) Toyota
B) Motorola
C) General Electric
D) Honeywell
  • 43. In what year was Six Sigma introduced?
A) 1986
B) 1991
C) 1995
D) 2005
  • 44. What does Six Sigma aim to minimize in manufacturing and business processes?
A) Variability
B) Innovation
C) Technology
D) Productivity
  • 45. When did Motorola register Six Sigma as a service mark?
A) June 11, 1991
B) January 1, 1986
C) October 15, 1995
D) December 28, 1993
  • 46. When did Motorola register Six Sigma as a trademark?
A) November 20, 2005
B) December 28, 1993
C) June 11, 1991
D) July 4, 1998
  • 47. How much in savings did Motorola attribute to Six Sigma by 2005?
A) Over $1 billion
B) Over $350 million
C) Over $50 million
D) Over $17 billion
  • 48. Which company was an early adopter of Six Sigma along with Motorola?
A) Apple
B) Microsoft
C) Toyota
D) Honeywell
  • 49. Which company made Six Sigma central to its business strategy in 1995?
A) Motorola
B) General Electric
C) Ford
D) Honeywell
  • 50. Who was the CEO of General Electric in 1995 who championed Six Sigma?
A) Elon Musk
B) Bill Smith
C) Jeff Bezos
D) Jack Welch
  • 51. How much in cost savings did General Electric announce in 1998 thanks to Six Sigma?
A) $5 billion
B) $17 billion
C) $10 million
D) $350 million
  • 52. Approximately what fraction of Fortune 500 organizations had begun Six Sigma initiatives by the late 1990s?
A) All of them
B) About one quarter
C) About two thirds
D) About one tenth
  • 53. In what year was the ISO standard defining a Six Sigma process published?
A) 1993
B) 2011
C) 1986
D) 2005
  • 54. What profession did Bill Smith have?
A) Sales manager
B) Engineer
C) Human resources specialist
D) Accountant
  • 55. What did GE's cost savings from Six Sigma eventually grow to exceed?
A) $1 billion
B) $17 billion
C) $500 million
D) $100 million
  • 56. What is the abbreviation for defects per million opportunities?
A) SDO
B) FPMO
C) DPM
D) DPMO
  • 57. Who explained the ± 1.5 sigma shift?
A) Kaoru Ishikawa
B) Mikel Harry
C) Bill Smith
D) W. Edwards Deming
  • 58. What Greek letter represents the mean?
A) θ (theta)
B) μ (mu)
C) λ (lambda)
D) σ (sigma)
  • 59. What distribution was proposed in 2004 as suitable for non-normal process data?
A) The standard normal distribution
B) The generalized lambda distribution
C) The Poisson distribution
D) The binomial distribution
  • 60. In the DMADV methodology, what does the letter 'C' in CTQ stand for?
A) Customer
B) Critical
C) Consistent
D) Capable
  • 61. What system does Six Sigma's elite ranking terminology resemble?
A) Academic degree hierarchies
B) Military ranking structures
C) Martial arts systems like judo
D) Corporate board designations
  • 62. Who draws Champions from upper management?
A) Master Black Belts
B) Executive Leadership
C) The CEO alone
D) Black Belts
  • 63. Whose mentors are the Champions?
A) Executive Leadership
B) Green Belts
C) Master Black Belts
D) Black Belts
  • 64. Who identifies Master Black Belts?
A) Black Belts
B) The CEO
C) Champions
D) Executive Leadership
  • 65. Who acts as in-house coaches on Six Sigma and devotes all of their time to it?
A) Yellow Belts
B) Executive Leadership
C) Green Belts
D) Master Black Belts
  • 66. Which practitioners take up Six Sigma implementation along with their other job responsibilities?
A) Black Belts
B) Champions
C) Green Belts
D) Master Black Belts
  • 67. What belt color is used for employees with basic training in Six Sigma tools who generally participate in projects?
A) Orange belt
B) Yellow belt
C) Green belt
D) White belt
  • 68. Which belt is used for those locally trained in the concepts who do NOT participate in the project team?
A) Orange belt
B) Yellow belt
C) White belt
D) Green belt
  • 69. Which belt is mentioned to be used for special cases?
A) Green belt
B) White belt
C) Yellow belt
D) Orange belt
  • 70. In what decade did many organizations start offering Six Sigma certifications to their employees?
A) The 1990s
B) The 1980s
C) The 2000s
D) The 1970s
  • 71. How do processes generally perform in the long term compared to the short term, according to experience?
A) Identically
B) Not as well
C) Better
D) More predictably
  • 72. What term did Mikel Harry use to describe his method of stacking discs?
A) Sigma-shifting
B) Stack-tuning
C) Benderizing
D) Harrying
  • 73. According to Mikel Harry's idea, how often do all processes shift 1.5 sigma?
A) Every 100 samples
B) Every 50 samples
C) Every 10 samples
D) Every 1000 samples
  • 74. How many defective parts per million opportunities (DPMO) does a widely accepted 6 sigma process produce?
A) 1.5
B) 3.4
C) 4.5
D) 6.0
  • 75. What do the figures in the provided table assume regarding specification limits?
A) A one-sided specification limit
B) Symmetric specification limits
C) No specification limits
D) A two-sided specification limit
  • 76. What is the short-term Cpk value mentioned for 1 sigma before the shift?
A) 1.00
B) 0.33
C) 0.50
D) -0.17
  • 77. In what type of organizations does Six Sigma mostly find application?
A) Small organizations
B) Large organizations
C) Non-profit organizations
D) Government agencies only
  • 78. According to Thomas Pyzdek and John Kullmann, companies with how many employees are less suited to standard Six Sigma?
A) More than 500
B) Fewer than 100
C) Fewer than 500
D) More than 1,000
  • 79. Can small to mid-size organizations successfully use Six Sigma tools and techniques?
A) Only if they have black belts
B) Only if they hire consultants
C) No
D) Yes
  • 80. Construction waste was reduced by what percentage at Tianjin Xianyi Construction Technology?
A) 24%
B) 67%
C) 10.4%
D) 26.2%
  • 81. By what percentage did Bank of America decrease customer issues using Six Sigma?
A) 67%
B) 10.4%
C) 26.2%
D) 24%
  • 82. Which financial company eliminated non-received renewal credit cards using Six Sigma?
A) JPMorgan Chase
B) Bank of America
C) GE Capital
D) American Express
  • 83. What variation did Six Sigma help reduce in financial institutions?
A) Initial investment
B) Customer satisfaction
C) Collector performance
D) Construction time
  • 84. How does Six Sigma ensure quality control in the supply chain?
A) By changing the schematic diagram for the supply chain
B) By reducing delivery times
C) By increasing the number of suppliers
D) By lowering quality standards
  • 85. By how much was patients' preparation time reduced in multiple cases at the MD Anderson Cancer Center?
A) 20 minutes
B) 60 minutes
C) 10 minutes
D) 40 minutes
  • 86. When was Lean Six Sigma adopted at Stanford hospitals?
A) 2010
B) 2002
C) 1995
D) 2003
  • 87. When was Lean Six Sigma introduced at Red Cross hospitals?
A) 2003
B) 2010
C) 2002
D) 1995
  • 88. How many common failure factors were found in academic literature from 56 papers between 1995 and 2013?
A) 10
B) 100
C) 56
D) 34
  • 89. Who described Six Sigma as "a basic version of quality improvement" with "nothing new there"?
A) Joseph M. Juran
B) Philip B. Crosby
C) Stanford researchers
D) The Wall Street Journal
  • 90. According to Joseph M. Juran, what did the American Society for Quality long ago establish certificates for?
A) Six Sigma Black Belts
B) Healthcare administrators
C) Reliability engineers
D) Supply chain managers
  • 91. Who stated that the Six Sigma standard does not go far enough and permits all microchips to be defective?
A) MD Anderson Cancer Center
B) Joseph M. Juran
C) The Red Cross
D) Philip B. Crosby
  • 92. According to a Fortune article, what percentage of 58 large companies with Six Sigma programs trailed the S&P 500?
A) 58%
B) 91%
C) 100%
D) 50%
  • 93. Who was the analysis cited in the Fortune article attributed to?
A) Charles Holland
B) An anonymous CEO
C) A Fortune journalist
D) Donald J. Wheeler
  • 94. Which consulting firm does Charles Holland work for?
A) Process Dynamics
B) Six Sigma Institute
C) Qualpro
D) S&P Global
  • 95. In Six Sigma, more attention is typically paid to reducing variation and searching for what?
A) Workforce creativity
B) Double-loop learning
C) Significant factors
D) Disruptive technologies
  • 96. What is paid less attention to, which could altogether eliminate the need for reducing variation?
A) Significance testing
B) P-value calculations
C) Developing robustness
D) Exploratory model building
  • 97. Which oft-mentioned theory seems to be flawed if looked at in detail?
A) S&P 500 trailing theory
B) Qualpro improvement process
C) Double-loop learning
D) Transfer Function
  • 98. Which publication featured a 2006 article critical of Six Sigma's single paradigmatic orientation?
A) Statistical Science Review
B) Qualpro Journal of Quality
C) USA Army Logistician
D) Fortune magazine
  • 99. Who dismissed the 1.5 sigma shift as goofy because of its arbitrary nature?
A) A USA Army Logistician writer
B) An unnamed Fortune analyst
C) Donald J. Wheeler
D) Charles Holland
  • 100. What has the fact that a '6 sigma' process has a 4.5 sigma long-term defect rate led several commentators to call Six Sigma?
A) A complete double-loop learning tool
B) A confidence trick
C) A disruptive technology
D) A flawless statistical model
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