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Galileo thermometer - Quiz
Contributed by: Lucas
  • 1. What does a Galileo thermometer contain besides several glass vessels of varying density?
A) Pure mercury
B) Compressed air
C) Solid wax
D) A clear liquid
  • 2. How do the individual floats move in a Galileo thermometer as temperature changes?
A) They dissolve completely
B) They rise or fall in relation to density
C) They spin rapidly in circles
D) They change their color
  • 3. Whose principle is the Galileo thermometer based on?
A) Vincenzo Viviani
B) Isaac Newton
C) Evangelista Torricelli
D) Galileo Galilei
  • 4. What principle discovered by Galileo is the thermometer based on?
A) Objects expand when cooled
B) The density of a liquid changes in relation to its temperature
C) Pressure is inversely proportional to volume
D) Light travels faster than sound
  • 5. Did Galileo invent the Galileo thermometer?
A) Only the glass vessels
B) Yes
C) Only the outer tube
D) No
  • 6. What earlier thermometer device did Galileo actually invent?
A) The alcohol thermostat
B) The mercury barometer
C) Galileo's air thermometer
D) The digital thermometer
  • 7. What is a more accurate name for Galileo's air thermometer?
A) Barograph
B) Thermoscope
C) Pyrometer
D) Hydrometer
  • 8. By what year was Galileo's air thermometer invented?
A) 1603
B) 1990
C) 1684
D) 1666
  • 9. Which group actually invented the instrument now known as a Galileo thermometer?
A) The Berlin Physics Institute
B) Accademia del Cimento of Florence
C) The French Academy of Sciences
D) The Royal Society of London
  • 10. Who was a pupil of Galileo and a member of the Accademia del Cimento?
A) Newton
B) Leopoldo
C) Torricelli
D) Viviani
  • 11. Who was a pupil of Torricelli and a member of the Accademia del Cimento?
A) Viviani
B) Galileo
C) Leopoldo
D) Celsius
  • 12. In what year were details of the thermometer published in the Saggi di naturali esperienze?
A) 1603
B) 1666
C) 1990
D) 1684
  • 13. In what year was the English translation of the Saggi di naturali esperienze published?
A) 1990
B) 1684
C) 1700
D) 1666
  • 14. How did the 1684 English translation describe the device?
A) Fast and erratic
B) Hot and heavy
C) Slow and lazy
D) Bright and shiny
  • 15. What is an alternative Italian name for the invention reflecting its slow nature?
A) Sfera colorata
B) Termometro rapido
C) Termometro lento
D) Vetro denso
  • 16. What was the outer vessel originally filled with in the historical description?
A) Rectified spirits of wine
B) Boiling water
C) Liquid nitrogen
D) Pure mercury
  • 17. What was 'rectified spirits of wine' in the historical outer vessel?
A) Pure fermented grape juice
B) Melted animal fat
C) A concentrated solution of ethanol in water
D) A thick mineral oil
  • 18. How were the weights of the glass bubbles adjusted historically?
A) By melting the glass completely
B) By grinding a small amount of glass from the sealed end
C) By adding tiny lead shots inside
D) By painting them with heavy metals
  • 19. Why was a small air space left at the top of the main vessel historically?
A) To make the thermometer float
B) To prevent light reflection
C) To allow for the liquor to rarefy
D) To keep the glass cool
  • 20. Which institution revived the Galileo thermometer in the modern era?
A) The Louvre Museum
B) Smithsonian Institution
C) Science Museum of Florence
D) Natural History Museum, London
  • 21. When did the Natural History Museum in London start selling a version of the thermometer?
A) 1890s
B) 2000s
C) 1950s
D) 1990s
  • 22. What are the small glass bulbs in a Galileo thermometer partly filled with?
A) Metal shavings
B) Solid plastic beads
C) Colored gas
D) Different-colored liquids
  • 23. What is the composition of the liquids inside the small glass bulbs mainly?
A) Ethanol
B) Kerosene
C) Water
D) Mercury
  • 24. What purpose do the small percents of alcohol inside the bulbs serve?
A) They make the liquid freeze faster
B) They power the thermometer
C) They are not important for the functioning
D) They change the bulb size
  • 25. How are the effective densities of the hand-blown bulbs adjusted after being sealed?
A) By heating the glass
B) By changing the outer liquid
C) By adding air through a valve
D) Using metal tags hanging from beneath them
  • 26. Why doesn't the expansion of materials inside the bulbs affect the thermometer's operation?
A) Because the metal tags absorb the heat
B) Because the liquid inside never expands
C) Because the outer tube is open to the air
D) Because these materials are sealed inside a glass bulb of approximately fixed size
  • 27. What is the clear liquid in which the bulbs are submerged usually made of?
A) Organic compounds
B) Melted sugar syrup
C) Pure distilled water
D) Liquid mercury
  • 28. Name two organic compounds mentioned as being used for the clear holding fluid.
A) Olive oil or motor oil
B) Water or vinegar
C) Acetone or glycerin
D) Ethanol or kerosene
  • 29. How does the density of the clear liquid change?
A) It varies with temperature
B) It changes with atmospheric pressure only
C) It changes with time of day
D) It remains completely constant
  • 30. What does the fixed size of the outer tube ensure for the outer clear liquid?
A) It will remain at room temperature
B) It will never evaporate
C) It will be in gas-liquid equilibrium
D) It will turn into a solid
  • 31. What happens to the equilibrium density of liquids like ethanol with an increase in temperature?
A) It fluctuates randomly
B) It stays the same
C) It decreases
D) It increases
  • 32. What effect does the decreasing density of ethanol with increased temperature have on the bulbs?
A) It causes the bulbs to shatter
B) It causes the bulbs to rise or sink
C) It causes the bulbs to magnetize
D) It makes the bulbs change color
  • 33. What happens to the bulbs as the temperature rises?
A) They will remain completely still
B) They will dissolve into the liquid
C) They will sink one by one
D) They will float to the top all at once
  • 34. Why do the bulbs sink as the temperature rises?
A) Because the metal tags fall off
B) Because the outer tube shrinks
C) Because they become heavier from absorbing heat
D) According to their individual density as the clear holding fluid's density gradually changes
  • 35. Where might all the bulbs be eventually if the surrounding temperature is high enough?
A) At the base of the tube
B) Floating outside the tube
C) At the very top of the tube
D) Stuck to the sides of the glass
  • 36. What happens to the bulbs as the temperature falls?
A) They cluster in the middle
B) The reverse happens, until they can all be at the top
C) They break due to cold
D) They sink faster to the bottom
  • 37. What is stamped on the metal tags attached to each bulb?
A) A temperature
B) A manufacturer name
C) A density value
D) A serial number
  • 38. How do you read the environment temperature if a bulb is in the centre of the column?
A) That gives a close approximation of the environment temperature
B) You must add ten degrees to it
C) It indicates the minimum temperature
D) It cannot be determined
  • 39. How is the temperature determined if there are some bulbs at the top and some at the base but none in between?
A) By taking the sum of all bulbs
B) The average of the lowest bulb at the top and the highest at the base
C) By reading the lowest bulb at the base
D) By reading the highest bulb at the top
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