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CLJ2 HREDUC - Quiz
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Right to speedy disposition
C) Substantive due process
D) Procedural due process
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Police power
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) . Bill of Attainder
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection clause
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Free speech is restricted
B) Substantive due process is upheld
C) Due process is denied
D) Equal protection is violated
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Unfair trial procedure
B) A law punishing a lawful activity
C) Denial of appeal
D) Lack of notice before hearing
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Ex post facto limitation
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Judicial review
B) Procedural due process
C) Equal protection
D) Substantive due process
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Habeas corpus
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Judicial review
B) Equal protection
C) Due process
D) Delegated legislation
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Equal protection of laws
B) Reverse discrimination
C) Substantive due process
D) Administrative discretion
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Favor majority
B) Promote executive power
C) Be based on reasonable distinction
D) Be arbitrary
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Bill of Rights
D) Substantive due process
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Due process only
B) Ex post facto prohibition
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) Majority approves
B) . It favors the rich
C) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
D) . It applies the same to foreigners only
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Special privilege
B) Executive intervention
C) Right to fair hearing
D) Equal protection
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Both procedural & substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Police power
D) Substantive due process
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
B) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
C) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
D) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Police power
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Procedural due process
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Procedural due process
B) Police power
C) Separation of powers
D) Equal protection
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Equality of treatment
B) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
C) Burden of proof
D) Court procedure
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Admissible if voluntary
B) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
C) Inadmissible as evidence
D) Acceptable if notarized
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) Neither; threat is allowed
B) RA 9745 only-begotten
C) RA 7438 only
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) Yes, if lawyer agrees
B) Yes, for security reasons
C) No; unless recorded
D) No; consultation must be private
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Is fluent in only
B) Understands
C) Was taught formally
D) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Proceed only after bail posting
B) Inform him in local language only
C) Notify embassy or consular office
D) Detain until translator is available, no notice
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Not torture
B) Valid interrogation strategy
C) Administrative misconduct only
D) Mental/psychological torture
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if voluntarily given
B) Valid if recorded
C) Admissible if affirmed in court
D) Inadmissible
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Only RA 7438
B) Only RA 9745
C) Neither
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) By counsel alone
B) Verbally before investigator
C) In writing, in presence of counsel
D) By arresting officer certification
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
B) Yes, if handwritten
C) Yes, even without counsel
D) No; custodial rights violated
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) Only after arraignment
B) Only if bail is approved
C) After evidence is gathered
D) From the moment of arrest
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Physical torture
B) Threat only
C) Lawful custodial pressure
D) Adjustment technique
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Suspension of rights
B) Immediate confession
C) No interview allowed
D) Presence of a social worker
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
B) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
C) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
D) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Family members
B) Law enforcement or persons in authority
C) Private institutions only
D) Witnesses
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Inadmissible due to coercion
B) Valid if lawyer signs
C) Valid if translated properly
D) Admissible due to signature
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) RA 7438 only
B) RA 9745 only
C) None; silence isn't mandatory
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
B) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
C) Delay counsel to secure confession
D) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Permission from arresting officer
B) Verbal report to media
C) Signed confession only
D) Immediate medical examination of victim
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Admissible if serious crime
B) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
C) Valid if recorded on video
D) Admissible if homeowner absent
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Inadmissible for lack of basis
B) Valid if contraband is seen
C) Admissible only if witness present
D) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Valid if related to same suspect
B) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
C) Allowed if property is adjacent
D) Valid if crime is ongoing
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be demanded by complainant
B) Items must be uniquely valuable
C) Items must be tagged immediately
D) Items must be in plain view
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Signed by barangay officer
B) Consent is free and informed
C) Lawyer is present
D) Daytime
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid under plain view doctrine
B) Valid only with consent
C) Invalid without barangay witness
D) Invalid due to lack of warrant
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Valid because weapons are dangerous
B) Valid if same room
C) Valid only if in plain view
D) Automatically invalid
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
B) Valid only if victim requests
C) Valid search incident to arrest
D) Valid if evidence is later found
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Forward to prosecutor
B) Ask informant first
C) Immediately review
D) Obtain warrant
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Reason for search
B) Items OR persons sought
C) Type of building
D) Only address of area
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) No; must be for one offense
B) Valid only in daytime
C) Yes if crimes related
D) Yes if signed by prosecutor
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Valid if guest is foreign
B) Invalid; privacy applies
C) Legal if items are visible
D) Legal with hotel permission
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Admissible if confession follows
B) Inadmissible
C) Admissible if relevant
D) Valid if approved by prosecutor
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Suspect previously convicted
B) Crime committed in officer’s presence
C) Anonymous tip reported crime
D) Suspect found near crime hours later
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
B) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
C) Police must always obtain consent
D) Only stolen items may be seized
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Plain view
B) Hot pursuit
C) Protective sweep
D) General warrant
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid due to correct address
B) Valid if documented
C) Inadmissible
D) Valid if signed by witness
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if offense is serious
B) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
C) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
D) Invalid; no personal determination
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid with witness signatures
B) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
C) Valid; landlord owns property
D) Valid if crime suspected
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid if suspect is armed
B) Valid only with barangay chief present
C) Invalid because house is private
D) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) Allowed due to freedom of information
B) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
C) Violates right to privacy despite public status
D) Protected speech because official is public figure
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Privacy of participants
B) Prior restraint for national security
C) Seditious liability only
D) Speech always unrestricted
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Freedom of speech
B) Right to privacy
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of contract
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Immunity clause
C) Right to travel
D) Freedom of speech
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Exempt if done off-campus
B) Not protected; threats unprotected
C) Protected speech
D) Protected by privacy rights
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Banning criticism of officials
B) Prohibiting media reporting
C) Censoring academic journals
D) Restricting obscenity distribution
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies only in civil cases
B) Applies
C) Applies only with counsel
D) Does not apply
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid only at night
B) Valid if neighbors complain
C) Invalid; privacy violated
D) Valid; public safety
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Criminal act against free speech
B) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
C) Violation of privacy rights
D) Protected against self-incrimination
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected; testimonial
B) Not protected; physical evidence
C) Protected unless with warrant
D) Protected only with counsel present
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Prior restraint ban
B) Strict scrutiny
C) Clear and present danger
D) Overbreadth doctrine
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Invalid; not in court
B) Invalid; weapon is property
C) Valid; testimonial link
D) Invalid if witness present
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Academic privilege
B) Reduced expectation of privacy
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of speech
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Overly restrictive
B) Prior restraint
C) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
D) Censorship
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Granted if notarized
B) Denied; transparency interest
C) Automatic exemption
D) Granted; personal property
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; requires three witnesses
B) Yes; counsel always needed
C) No; voluntary statements allowed
D) No; police can compel silence
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Legal; public concern
B) Protected editorial
C) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
D) Allowed under fair comment
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) All physical tests
B) Mandatory registration
C) Compelled testimonial evidence
D) All searches
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Invalid; no clear danger shown
B) Valid if online
C) Valid; all protests can be banned
D) Valid arrest
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Privacy absolute
B) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
C) Protected unless public demands
D) Protected if no confession
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Data
D) Writ of Amparo
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Habeas Data only
B) Habeas Corpus only
C) Amparo
D) Injunction
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Habeas Data
B) Prohibition
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Prohibition
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Quo Warranto
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Certiorari
C) Habeas Data only
D) Amparo
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Habeas Data
B) Quo Warranto
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Mandamus
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Certiorari
D) Amparo
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Mandamus
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Injunction
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Certiorari
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Quo Warranto
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Injunction
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Habeas Data only
C) Injunction
D) Amparo
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Writ of Kalikasan
C) Writ of Habeas Data
D) Writ of Amparo
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