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PES SS1 Economics (OBJ) 3rd Term Exam 2025/2026
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  • 1. Cost means the amount of __ spent to produce goods or services.
A) Money
B) Machines
C) People
D) Time
  • 2. The total cost of producing a good is the sum of --- and ---cost.
A) Fixed and Variable cost
B) Old and New cost
C) Big and Small cost
D) Good and Bad cost
  • 3. Cost that does not change with level of output is called __.
A) Variable cost
B) Average cost
C) Fixed cost
D) Total cost
  • 4. Example of fixed cost is __.
A) Fuel for machines
B) Rent of factory
C) Wages of workers
D) Raw materials
  • 5. Cost that changes directly with output is called ---.
A) Opportunity cost
B) Variable cost
C) Social cost
D) Fixed cost
  • 6. Example of variable cost is ---.
A) Salary of manager
B) Cost of raw materials
C) License fee
D) Insurance premium
  • 7. Total cost is calculated as ---.
A) TC= Fixed cost - Variable cost
B) TC= Fixed cost / Variable cost
C) TC=Fixed cost + Variable cost
D) TC= Fixed cost * Variable cost
  • 8. The cost of the next best alternative forgone is called ---.
A) Opportunity cost
B) Marginal cost
C) Average cost
D) Private cost
  • 9. The cost of producing one additional unit of output is ---.
A) Total cost
B) Average cost
C) Marginal cost
D) Fixed cost
  • 10. Average Cost is equal to ---.
A) FC + VC
B) TC / Quantity
C) TC - Quantity
D) TC * Quantity
  • 11. An economic system is the way a country organizes and manages its ---.
A) Resources and production of goods and services
B) Sports
C) Schools
D) Religion
  • 12. In a capitalist economy, the means of production are owned by ---.
A) The government
B) Private individuals
C) Foreigners only
D) The community
  • 13. A major feature of capitalism is ---.
A) Government controls everything
B) Equal distribution of wealth
C) Profit motive
D) No competition
  • 14. Which country practices capitalism?
A) North Korea
B) United States of America
C) China before 1978
D) Cuba
  • 15. In socialism, the major means of production are owned by ---.
A) The state or government
B) Private individuals
C) No one
D) Religious leaders
  • 16. A feature of socialism is ---.
A) Competition
B) Private ownership of factories
C) Equal distribution of wealth
D) Profit maximization
  • 17. Socialism aims to reduce ---.
A) Education
B) Jobs
C) Food production
D) Inequality and exploitation
  • 18. A mixed economy combines features of ---.
A) Socialism and Communalism
B) Capitalism and Socialism
C) Capitalism and Communalism
D) None of the above
  • 19. Nigeria operates a --- economic system.
A) Communalism
B) Pure Socialism
C) Pure Capitalism
D) Mixed Economy
  • 20. A feature of communalism is ---.
A) Profit motive
B) Self-help and cooperation
C) Private ownership
D) Competition
  • 21. A practical example of diminishing marginal utility is ---.
A) Saving more money
B) Buying more cars
C) Eating more and more rice at a sitting
D) Working more hours
  • 22. The law of diminishing marginal utility helps to explain ---.
A) Cost of production
B) The law of supply
C) The law of demand
D) Government revenue
  • 23. If TU from 3 oranges = 30 utils and TU from 4 oranges = 36 utils, then MU of the 4th orange = ---.
A) 36 utils
B) 6 utils
C) 30 utils
D) 9 utils
  • 24. The formula for Marginal Utility is ---.
A) MU = TU * Quantity
B) MU = TU + Quantity
C) MU = TU - Quantity
D) MU = Change in TU / Change in Quantity
  • 25. Utility can be measured in units called ---.
A) Dollars
B) Naira
C) Kilos
D) Utils
  • 26. When Marginal Utility becomes negative, Total Utility ---.
A) Decreases
B) Becomes zero
C) Remains constant
D) Increases
  • 27. When Marginal Utility becomes zero, Total Utility is at its ---.
A) Minimum
B) Maximum
C) Negative
D) Zero
  • 28. Which of these best explains the law of diminishing marginal utility?
A) The 5th cup of water gives more satisfaction than the 1st cup
B) The 1st cup of water gives more satisfaction than the 5th cup
C) All cups give equal satisfaction
D) Water has no utility
  • 29. If TU increases at a decreasing rate, MU is ---.
A) Decreasing
B) Increasing
C) Zero
D) Negative
  • 30. The two main types of utility are ---.
A) Private and Social Utility
B) Total Utility and Marginal Utility
C) Fixed and Variable Utility
D) Cost and Revenue Utility
  • 31. Price determination in a free market is done through the interaction of __.
A) Government and firms
B) Cost and Revenue
C) Buyers and sellers
D) Demand and Supply
  • 32. The price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied is called __.
A) Equilibrium price
B) Fixed price
C) Market price
D) Controlled price
  • 33. At equilibrium price, there is __.
A) High inflation
B) No excess demand or supply
C) Shortage
D) Surplus
  • 34. If demand increases and supply remains constant, equilibrium price will __.
A) Rise
B) Become zero
C) Remain the same
D) Fall
  • 35. If supply increases and demand remains constant, equilibrium price will __.
A) Remain the same
B) Rise
C) Fall
D) Double
  • 36. A situation where quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied leads to __.
A) Glut
B) Surplus
C) Shortage
D) Equilibrium
  • 37. A situation where quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded leads to __.
A) Surplus
B) Price control
C) Shortage
D) Equilibrium
  • 38. The forces that bring the market back to equilibrium are __.
A) Taxation
B) Price mechanism
C) Advertising
D) Government policy
  • 39. In the diagram of demand and supply, equilibrium is where the __ curves intersect.
A) Fixed and Variable
B) Private and Social
C) Cost and Revenue
D) Demand and Supply
  • 40. If the price is above equilibrium price, there will be __.
A) Black market
B) Excess supply
C) Excess demand
D) Shortage
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