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Epic of Gilgamesh - Quiz
Contributed by: Coles
  • 1. What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?
A) A Roman historical chronicle written in Latin
B) A religious text from ancient Egypt focusing on the afterlife
C) A collection of Greek myths compiled during the Hellenistic period
D) An epic from ancient Mesopotamia that is the world's oldest surviving example of narrative literature
  • 2. How many Sumerian poems about Gilgamesh form the beginning of his literary history?
A) Ten
B) Three
C) Five
D) Seven
  • 3. Gilgamesh was the king of which ancient city?
A) Nineveh
B) Uruk
C) Babylon
D) Ur
  • 4. To which time period might some of the original Sumerian poems date?
A) Akkadian Empire (c. 2300 BCE)
B) First Babylonian Dynasty (c. 1750 BCE)
C) Neo-Assyrian Empire (c. 700 BCE)
D) Third Dynasty of Ur (c. 2100 BCE)
  • 5. What is the title of the 'Old Babylonian' version of the epic based on its incipit?
A) Shūtur eli sharrī
B) Izdubar
C) Athra-Hasis
D) Sha naqba īmuru
  • 6. During which century does the 'Old Babylonian' version date?
A) 21st century BCE
B) 12th century BCE
C) 7th century BCE
D) 18th century BCE
  • 7. Who compiled the later Standard Babylonian version of the epic?
A) George Smith
B) Sîn-lēqi-unninni
C) Paul Haupt
D) Austen Henry Layard
  • 8. What is the incipit of the Standard Babylonian version?
A) Athra-Hasis
B) Izdubar
C) Shūtur eli sharrī
D) Sha naqba īmuru
  • 9. How many tablets make up the Standard Babylonian version?
A) 5 tablets
B) 12 tablets
C) 20 tablets
D) 8 tablets
  • 10. Approximately how much of the Standard Babylonian version has been recovered?
A) About two-thirds
B) Almost all of it
C) Only a few fragments
D) About one-half
  • 11. In which king's library ruins were some of the best copies of the epic discovered?
A) Sargon
B) Nebuchadnezzar
C) Hammurabi
D) Ashurbanipal
  • 12. What kind of man was Enkidu upon creation by the gods?
A) A mighty king
B) A divine priest
C) A wise scribe
D) A wild man
  • 13. Why did the gods create Enkidu?
A) To help Gilgamesh conquer foreign lands
B) To build the walls of Uruk
C) To guard the Cedar Forest
D) To stop Gilgamesh from oppressing his people
  • 14. How does Enkidu become civilized?
A) By drinking sacred water from a temple
B) Through a battle with Gilgamesh
C) By learning to read cuneiform
D) Through sexual initiation with Shamhat
  • 15. What does Enkidu do after traveling to Uruk?
A) Challenges Ishtar to combat
B) Begins ruling the city alongside Gilgamesh
C) Destroys the city walls in anger
D) Challenges Gilgamesh to a test of strength
  • 16. How long is the journey to the Cedar Forest made by Gilgamesh and Enkidu?
A) Three days
B) Forty days
C) Twelve days
D) Six days
  • 17. Who is the guardian of the Cedar Forest?
A) Izdubar
B) Humbaba
C) Enmebaragesi
D) Utnapishtim
  • 18. What tree do Gilgamesh and Enkidu cut down in the Cedar Forest?
A) The immortal cypress
B) The sacred cedar
C) The holy oak
D) The royal palm
  • 19. Which goddess sends the Bull of Heaven to punish Gilgamesh?
A) Shamhat
B) Inanna
C) Tiamat
D) Ishtar
  • 20. Why does Ishtar send the Bull of Heaven?
A) Because Enkidu entered Uruk
B) Because the cedar forest was destroyed
C) Because Gilgamesh spurned her advances
D) Because Gilgamesh killed Humbaba
  • 21. How do the gods decide to punish Enkidu after he and Gilgamesh kill the Bull of Heaven?
A) Sentence him to death by giving him a fatal illness
B) Strip him of his civilization and memories
C) Exile him to the ends of the earth
D) Turn him back into a wild beast
  • 22. What prompts Gilgamesh to undertake a journey to discover the secret of eternal life?
A) The loss of his kingdom in Uruk
B) A prophecy given by the gods in a dream
C) Fear of Ishtar's revenge
D) Distress over Enkidu's death
  • 23. Who are the only humans to survive the flood triggered by the gods whom Gilgamesh meets?
A) Sîn-lēqi-unninni and his family
B) Utnapishtim and his wife
C) Enmebaragesi and his daughter
D) Ashurbanipal and his queen
  • 24. What does Utnapishtim tell Gilgamesh about life and death?
A) Life will never be found because death is man's share set by the gods
B) Only those who defeat the gods may live forever
C) Life is easily preserved through wisdom and good deeds
D) Eternal life can be attained by drinking from a secret spring
  • 25. Which later Greek hero is mentioned as having Gilgamesh as a prototype?
A) Odysseus
B) Perseus
C) Heracles (Hercules)
D) Achilles
  • 26. Whose epics did the Epic of Gilgamesh serve as an influence for?
A) Sumerian epics
B) Roman epics
C) Homeric epics
D) Virgil's epics
  • 27. Who discovered about 15,000 fragments of Assyrian cuneiform tablets in Nineveh?
A) Theodore Kwasman and Samuel Noah Kramer
B) Austen Henry Layard, Hormuzd Rassam, and W. K. Loftus
C) R. Campbell Thompson and Hobby Lobby
D) George Smith, Paul Haupt, and Peter Jensen
  • 28. In what decade were the cuneiform tablets discovered in the Library of Ashurbanipal?
A) Late 1930s
B) Early 1850s
C) Early 1890s
D) Late 1870s
  • 29. Who was hired by the British Museum in the late 1860s to study the discovered fragments?
A) Samuel Noah Kramer
B) Theodore Kwasman
C) George Smith
D) Paul Haupt
  • 30. In what year did George Smith read translated fragments before the Society of Biblical Archaeology?
A) 1891
B) 1900
C) 1852
D) 1872
  • 31. What was the title of George Smith's 1876 fuller translation publication?
A) The Chaldaean Account of Genesis
B) Sha naqba īmuru
C) The Epic of Izdubar
D) Shūtur eli sharrī
  • 32. What name was initially used to reintroduce the central character of Gilgamesh before his name could be pronounced accurately?
A) Ashurbanipal
B) Enmebaragesi
C) Izdubar
D) Athra-Hasis
  • 33. Who collected the cuneiform text in 1891?
A) Paul Haupt
B) Peter Jensen
C) R. Campbell Thompson
D) George Smith
  • 34. Who provided a comprehensive edition of the text nine years after Paul Haupt's collection?
A) Peter Jensen
B) Austen Henry Layard
C) Theodore Kwasman
D) Samuel Noah Kramer
  • 35. Who updated the work of Paul Haupt and Peter Jensen in 1930?
A) George Smith
B) Hormuzd Rassam
C) W. K. Loftus
D) R. Campbell Thompson
  • 36. Over the two decades following 1930, who reassembled the Sumerian poems?
A) Samuel Noah Kramer
B) Peter Jensen
C) Paul Haupt
D) Theodore Kwasman
  • 37. Who discovered a piece believed to have contained the first lines of the epic in the British Museum storeroom in 1998?
A) Hormuzd Rassam
B) George Smith
C) Samuel Noah Kramer
D) Theodore Kwasman
  • 38. Between which years is the fragment discovered by Theodore Kwasman dated?
A) 600 BCE and 100 BCE
B) 2100 BCE and 1800 BCE
C) 1300 BCE and 1000 BCE
D) 1850 CE and 1900 CE
  • 39. In what year was the fragment found that Theodore Kwasman later examined in 1998?
A) 1930
B) 1878
C) 1891
D) 1852
  • 40. What is the father of one of Gilgamesh's adversaries mentioned in the legends, whose associated artifacts lend credibility to Gilgamesh's historical existence?
A) Ashurbanipal of Nineveh
B) Sîn-lēqi-unninni of Uruk
C) Utnapishtim of Shuruppak
D) Enmebaragesi of Kish
  • 41. Into which country was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet imported illegally in the early 2000s?
A) United States
B) France
C) Germany
D) United Kingdom
  • 42. In what year was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet purchased by a US antiquities dealer while encrusted with dirt and unreadable?
A) 2007
B) 1998
C) 2003
D) 2014
  • 43. When was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet sold with a false letter regarding its provenance?
A) 2014
B) 2003
C) 2019
D) 2007
  • 44. Which organization privately purchased the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet in 2014 for display at the Museum of the Bible?
A) Hobby Lobby
B) The Fragmentarium project
C) The British Museum
D) The Society of Biblical Archaeology
  • 45. In which city is the Museum of the Bible located?
A) London
B) Nineveh
C) Washington, D.C.
D) New York
  • 46. In what year was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet seized by US officials?
A) 2021
B) 2003
C) 2019
D) 2014
  • 47. To which country was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet returned in September 2021?
A) Turkey
B) Iraq
C) Iran
D) Syria
  • 48. In what year was the Fragmentarium project established?
A) 2015
B) 1998
C) 2003
D) 2014
  • 49. What technology has been used by the Fragmentarium project since 2015 to add additional epic segments?
A) Machine learning analysis
B) Infrared photography
C) Digital translation algorithms
D) Carbon dating scanners
  • 50. By what date had machine learning analysis led to new segments of the epic being included in English translations?
A) August 2024
B) January 2015
C) December 2019
D) September 2021
  • 51. In which years were the print English translations containing new segments from the Fragmentarium project published?
A) 1891 and 1900
B) 2020 and 2021
C) 1872 and 1875
D) 2014 and 2019
  • 52. What is the geographic origin of the Epic of Gilgamesh?
A) Ancient Greece
B) The Indus Valley
C) Ancient Egypt
D) Ancient Mesopotamia
  • 53. In what language were the independent Sumerian stories of Gilgamesh later combined into an epic?
A) Akkadian
B) Sumerian
C) Babylonian
D) Assyrian
  • 54. What does the incipit Sha naqba īmuru translate to literally?
A) He Who Saw the Deep(s)
B) The Foundation of the Land
C) Surpassing All Other Kings
D) He Who Sees the Unknown
  • 55. Who was Shamhat in relation to Enkidu?
A) The queen of Uruk
B) The goddess who created him
C) The woman of his sexual initiation
D) The guardian of the Cedar Forest
  • 56. What did Gilgamesh and Enkidu do in the Cedar Forest besides cutting down the cedar?
A) Killed the Bull of Heaven
B) Found the secret of eternal life
C) Slew its guardian, Humbaba
D) Built a temple for Ishtar
  • 57. Which of the following characters is associated with a flood narrative similar to Utnapishtim?
A) Athra-Hasis
B) Enmebaragesi
C) Humbaba
D) Sîn-lēqi-unninni
  • 58. What publication did George Smith release in 1875 and 1876?
A) The first translation of the Old Babylonian version
B) A comprehensive edition of Sumerian poems
C) A machine learning analysis of cuneiform
D) Fuller translations of the discovered fragments
  • 59. How are the earliest Sumerian poems now generally considered?
A) A single complete epic
B) A historical chronicle
C) Distinct stories
D) A collection of letters
  • 60. What term is used in the text to describe gaps in the texts?
A) Stanzas
B) Steles
C) Lacunae
D) Cuneiform
  • 61. Despite several revised versions based on new discoveries, what is the status of the epic?
A) It is fully restored
B) It remains incomplete
C) It is completely deciphered
D) It has been lost again
  • 62. What is the most recent Akkadian version also referred to as?
A) Original Sumerian version
B) Ur Dynasty version
C) Standard Babylonian version
D) Deep River version
  • 63. How many main versions of the epic have been partially reconstructed from diverse sources?
A) Twelve
B) Two
C) Five
D) Three
  • 64. What is an alternative title for the Old Babylonian version?
A) Lord of the Epic
B) Surpassing all other kings
C) The Twelve Tablets
D) He who saw the deep
  • 65. In what year was the Standard Babylonian version discovered?
A) 1300
B) 1000
C) 1835
D) 1853
  • 66. Who compiled the Standard Babylonian version?
A) Lins Brandão
B) Utnapishtim
C) Hormuzd Rassam
D) Sin-leqi-unninni
  • 67. What major issue did Sin-leqi-unninni bring to the foreground?
A) Mortality
B) Warfare
C) Wealth
D) Agriculture
  • 68. Which scholar viewed the standard version as 'sapiential literature'?
A) Ashurbanipal
B) Hormuzd Rassam
C) Sin-leqi-unninni
D) Lins Brandão
  • 69. Brandão's idea of the work as 'sapiential literature' comes from which region?
A) Europe
B) Middle East
C) North Africa
D) Asia Minor
  • 70. With whom did Gilgamesh meet to learn mysteries about Ea?
A) Enkidu
B) Uta-Napishti
C) Sin-leqi-unninni
D) Ashurbanipal
  • 71. Who is Ea associated with in the context of the fountain of wisdom?
A) Warfare
B) Agriculture
C) Wisdom
D) The Underworld
  • 72. In which other Babylonian epic can the story of Utnapishtim be found?
A) Atra-Hasis
B) Enuma Elish
C) Gilgāmeš
D) Erra
  • 73. What is another name for the Standard version of the epic?
A) Surpassing all other kings
B) iškar Gilgāmeš
C) Sapiential literature
D) ša naqba īmuru
  • 74. How many tablets comprise the well-crafted epic excluding the sequel?
A) 10
B) 7
C) 12
D) 11
  • 75. In Tablet 12, who does Gilgamesh send to the Underworld?
A) Utnapishtim
B) Enkidu
C) Sin-leqi-unninni
D) Ea
  • 76. In what form does Enkidu return from the Underworld in Tablet 12?
A) Monster
B) God
C) Animal
D) Spirit
  • 77. What poetic feature is extensively used across sets of two or three adjacent lines?
A) Metaphor
B) Rhyme
C) Parallelism
D) Alliteration
  • 78. The poetic parallelism in the epic is similar to that found in what texts?
A) Epic of Atra-Hasis
B) Hebrew Psalms
C) Sumerian flood tales
D) Ashurbanipal's library records
  • 79. Who translated the text and insisted on its relationship to Genesis by giving it the title 'Izdubar-Nimrod'?
A) Martin Litchfield West
B) Neil MacGregor
C) George Smith
D) Alfred Jeremias
  • 80. Who stated in 1966 that 'Greek literature is a Near East literature'?
A) Martin Litchfield West
B) George Smith
C) Alfred Jeremias
D) Lins Brandão
  • 81. What term does Lins Brandão use to describe how the poem would have been placed on a stele?
A) Narû
B) Misanthrope
C) Antediluvian
D) Izdubar
  • 82. What responsibility did the reader or scribe have regarding the 'narû' text?
A) Destroy the stele after reading
B) Add new adventures of Gilgamesh
C) Translate it into Greek heroic poetry
D) Pass the text on without omitting or adding anything
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