A) Segregation B) Disjunction C) Aneuploidy D) Nondisjunction
A) Only meiosis I B) Only mitosis C) Meiosis I, meiosis II, or mitosis D) Only meiosis II
A) Turner syndrome B) Edwards syndrome C) Patau syndrome D) Down syndrome
A) X0 B) XYY C) XXY D) XXX
A) Increased metabolic rate B) Decrease in cytoplasm volume C) Presumed loss of cohesin over time D) Reduced temperature
A) Natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC) B) Cyclin B C) Luteinizing hormone D) Cdc25B
A) Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) B) Cyclin B C) Protein kinase A (PKA) D) Adenylyl cyclase
A) Induces meiotic arrest B) Spurs oocyte maturation C) Activates PDE3A D) Increases cAMP levels
A) Exo1 B) Spo11 C) Mre11 D) Sae2
A) Inhibits APC/C B) Represses IME1 C) Major meiotic regulator D) Activates Cdc25
A) PKA B) Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) C) Cdc25B D) WEE2
A) Down syndrome B) Edwards syndrome C) Jacobs syndrome D) Klinefelter syndrome
A) Ubiquitin-dependent pathway B) CSF pathway C) Double Holliday junction (dHJ) pathway D) Synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA)
A) Trisomy of chromosome 18 B) Monosomy of X chromosome C) Trisomy of chromosome 21 D) Trisomy of chromosome 13
A) Increase cGMP transport B) Reduce cGMP transport C) Stabilize gap junctions D) Promote NPPC production
A) Yeast and mice B) Wood-feeding cockroaches C) Parabasalids and oxymonads D) Humans and primates
A) Cryptocercus B) Homo sapiens C) Saccharomyces cerevisiae D) Mus musculus
A) 1 B) 23 C) 46 D) 10
A) 1.2-fold B) 2-fold C) 3-fold D) 1.6-fold
A) At the nucleolus B) At the centromeres C) At the mid-point of the chromosome D) At the telomeres
A) At the kinetochores B) At the telomeres C) At the heterochromatin D) At the centromeres
A) 0.1% B) 10% C) 1% D) 100%
A) 10 million bp B) 1 million bp C) 1,000 bp D) 100,000 bp
A) Exactly 23 B) Fewer than 50 C) Exactly 100 D) At least 200
A) 10 times B) 27 times C) 42 times D) 200 times
A) 15 times B) 42 times C) 27 times D) 50 times
A) 5–30% B) 90–100% C) 1–2% D) 50–100%
A) 1–2 B) 5–10 C) 20–30 D) 100–200
A) They disappear B) They stabilize C) They shorten D) They lengthen
A) It is synthesized B) It is protected C) It is doubled D) It is degraded
A) Yes, once B) Only in plant cells C) Yes, twice D) No
A) Diploid B) Haploid C) Tetraploid D) Triploid
A) Four B) Six C) Two D) Eight
A) Rotated by 90 degrees B) Identical C) Rotated by 180 degrees D) Parallel
A) They fuse B) They segregate C) They replicate D) They condense
A) Sister chromosomes B) Centrosomes C) Homologous pairs D) Tetrads
A) Two daughter cells B) One diploid cell C) Four daughter cells D) DNA replication
A) Spindle fibers B) Nuclear envelopes C) Centrosomes D) Cytoplasmic bridges
A) They lengthen B) They replicate C) They shorten D) They dissolve
A) It doubles B) It reforms C) It disappears D) It grows
A) Sister separation B) Moving through C) Two poles D) Crossing over
A) Anaphase I B) Metaphase I C) Prometaphase D) Diakinesis
A) Cohesin complexes B) Centrosomes C) Nuclear membrane D) Chiasmata
A) Bipolar attachments dissolve B) Nucleoli disappear C) Cohesin is cleaved D) Independent assortment finishes
A) Microtubules B) Centrosomes C) Kinetochores D) Chromosomes
A) Exactly 2 B) Over 200 C) About 40 D) Approximately 80
A) Spherical B) Circular C) Barrel shaped D) Linear
A) A kinetochore plate B) A nuclear envelope C) An aster D) A centrosome
A) Chiasmata attachment B) Unipolar attachment C) Bipolar attachment D) Equatorial attachment
A) Nucleolar reformation B) Tension C) Centrosome alignment D) Vesicle fusion
A) Oscar Hertwig B) August Weismann C) Edouard Van Beneden D) Thomas Hunt Morgan
A) 1911 B) 1883 C) 1890 D) 1876
A) Thomas Hunt Morgan B) Oscar Hertwig C) J.B. Farmer D) August Weismann
A) Sea urchin B) Ascaris roundworm C) Drosophila melanogaster D) Bacteria
A) Greek B) German C) Latin D) French
A) Doubling B) Replication C) Division D) Lessening
A) August Weismann B) Flemming C) Thomas Hunt Morgan D) Koernicke
A) G2 phase B) S phase C) G1 phase D) Prophase I
A) Ribosome B) Nucleus C) Chromosome D) Centromere
A) G2 phase B) G1 phase C) S phase D) Prophase
A) G2 phase B) Interkinesis C) Telophase I D) Prophase I
A) Diploid B) Zygote C) Gamete D) Haploid
A) Sister chromatids B) Spindles C) Homologs D) Polar bodies
A) Binary fission B) Spindle apparatus C) Crossovers D) Sister chromatids
A) Four B) Two C) None D) One
A) Gametes B) Spores C) Polar bodies D) Ovum
A) Bdelloid rotifers B) Bacteria C) Fungi D) Archaea
A) Meiosis B) Spore formation C) Binary fission D) Parthenogenesis
A) Binary fission B) Mitosis C) Meiosis D) Horizontal gene transfer
A) Increasing the number of diploid cells B) Producing gametes C) Creating identical somatic cells D) Replacing damaged tissue
A) Polar body B) Zygote C) Sperm cell D) Ova
A) Excessive recombination B) S-phase duplication C) Sister chromatid cohesion D) Aneuploidy
A) Homologous recombination B) Chromosome deletion C) Sister chromatid synthesis D) Mitotic division
A) Diploids B) Tetrads C) Chromatin D) Haploids
A) Homologous pair B) Sister chromatid C) Tetrad D) Haploid cell
A) Double threads B) Paired threads C) Thin threads D) Thick threads
A) ~100 nm B) ~400 nm C) ~800 nm D) ~200 nm
A) Leptonema B) Diplonema C) Zygonema D) Pachynema
A) Gene conversion B) Recombination C) Synapsis D) Crossing over
A) ~1000 nm B) ~100 nm C) ~50 nm D) ~400 nm
A) Paired threads B) Separated threads C) Thin threads D) Thick threads
A) Pachytene B) Diplotene C) Leptotene D) Zygotene
A) Pachynema B) Leptonema C) Zygonema D) Dictyotene
A) Viral organisms B) Prokaryotic organisms C) Bacterial organisms D) Eukaryotic organisms
A) As multicellular B) As exclusively sexual C) As asexual D) As viral pathogens
A) Obligate asexual reproduction B) No genetic exchange C) Binary fission only D) Facultative sex
A) Schizosaccharomyces pombe B) Bombyx mori C) Homo sapiens D) Volvox carteri
A) Preventing mutation B) Increasing chromosome number C) Accelerating cell division D) Repairing DNA damage
A) Chromosomal deletions B) Double-strand breaks C) Base pair substitutions D) Point mutations
A) Heat shock B) Antioxidants C) Synaptonemal complexes D) Hydrogen peroxide
A) Hydrogen peroxide B) Antioxidants C) Heat shock D) Recombinational enzymes
A) Redundant B) Dictyate C) Achiasmate D) Synaptonemal
A) Diplontic B) Sporic C) Haplodiplontic D) Haplontic
A) During gamete formation B) During the mitotic phase C) Pre-gametic D) Post-zygotic
A) Ova B) Spermatozoa C) Spores D) Zygotes
A) Oocytes B) Follicle cells C) Spermatogonia D) Germinal vesicles
A) Somatic shell B) Polar body C) Spindle D) Germinal vesicle
A) FSH B) Nanos C) DAZL D) Retinoic acid
A) Spermatogenesis B) Folliculogenesis C) Dictyate stage D) Atresia
A) Germinal vesicle B) Seminiferous tubules C) Anterior pituitary D) Primitive kidney |