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Acropolis of Athens - Quiz
Contributed by: Myers
  • 1. What does the word 'Acropolis' mean in ancient Greek?
A) Golden temple
B) Upper city
C) Fortified tower
D) Central plaza
  • 2. On which hill is the Acropolis of Athens located?
A) Pnyx Hill
B) Mars Hill
C) Hill of the Olive Trees
D) Acropolis Hill
  • 3. Who ordered the construction of the most important monuments on the Acropolis in the 5th century BC?
A) Cleisthenes
B) Herodotus
C) Pericles
D) Socrates
  • 4. What is the main function of the Propylaea in the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Monumental entrance to the Acropolis
B) Portico for merchants
C) Temple dedicated to Athena
D) Theater for dramatic performances
  • 5. What is the most famous temple on the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Temple of Zeus
B) Temple of Athena Nike
C) Parthenon
D) Erechtheion
  • 6. What giant bronze sculpture was located in the Acropolis of Athens and was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
A) Colossus of Rhodes
B) Aphrodite of Cnidus
C) Statue of Zeus in Olympia
D) Frieze of the Panathenaic Games
  • 7. What was the predominant material used in the construction of the buildings on the Acropolis?
A) Concrete
B) Marble
C) Brick
D) Granite
  • 8. Which Greek goddess is the namesake of the city of Athens and protects the Acropolis?
A) Aphrodite
B) Athena
C) Hera
D) Artemis
  • 9. What is the meaning of the word 'Acropolis'?
A) 'Ancient fortress'
B) 'Temple complex'
C) 'Sacred hill'
D) 'Highest point, city'
  • 10. Which legendary figure was Cecropia named after?
A) Hercules
B) Theseus
C) Pericles
D) Cecrops
  • 11. What event caused significant damage to the Parthenon and other buildings in 1687?
A) The Venetian bombardment during the Morean War
B) A flood
C) An earthquake
D) A fire started by Athenians
  • 12. What was the primary material used for the Older Parthenon's construction before it was changed to marble?
A) Marble
B) Piraeus limestone
C) Sandstone
D) Granite
  • 13. What was the Hekatompedon also known as?
A) Older Parthenon
B) Erechtheion
C) Ur-Parthenon
D) Temple of Athena Nike
  • 14. What was the purpose of the well near the northeastern edge of the Acropolis?
A) Stored grain for the city
B) Served as a sacrificial site
C) Provided protected drinking water during sieges
D) Used for religious ceremonies
  • 15. What was the name of the nine-gate wall built around the Acropolis during the Archaic era?
A) Enneapylon
B) Cyclopean Wall
C) Erechtheion
D) Propylaea
  • 16. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during the Second Persian invasion?
A) It remained untouched
B) It was converted into a palace
C) It was expanded
D) It was destroyed
  • 17. What was buried ceremoniously on the Acropolis after the Persian invasion?
A) Scrolls and manuscripts
B) Gold and silver treasures
C) Statuary, cult objects, religious offerings, and unsalvageable architectural members
D) Weapons and armor
  • 18. What was the approximate height of the Acropolis hill above sea level?
A) 150 meters (490 feet)
B) 200 meters (656 feet)
C) 100 meters (328 feet)
D) 250 meters (820 feet)
  • 19. What was the name of the gate built by Peisistratos?
A) Enneapylon
B) Propylaea
C) Cyclopean Gate
D) Erechtheion
  • 20. What was the name of the largest water spring at the northwestern foot of the Acropolis?
A) Pnyx Fountain
B) Erechtheion Well
C) Clepsydra
D) Agora Spring
  • 21. What was the primary material used in the construction of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) Large stone blocks with earth mortar called emplekton
B) Marble and gold
C) Wood and clay
D) Brick and lime
  • 22. What was the approximate length of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) 1,000 meters (3,281 feet)
B) 500 meters (1,640 feet)
C) 760 meters (2,490 feet)
D) 900 meters (2,953 feet)
  • 23. What was the name given to the temple built between 570 and 550 BC?
A) Temple of Athena Nike
B) Erechtheion
C) Older Parthenon
D) Hekatompedon
  • 24. What was the name of the temple referred to as 'ancient temple' by the Pisistratids?
A) Temple of Athena Nike
B) Older Parthenon
C) Arkhaios Neōs
D) Erechtheion
  • 25. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during 406/405 BC?
A) It was converted into a palace
B) It was burnt down
C) It was expanded
D) It remained untouched
  • 26. What was the primary reason for revising the plan to use marble after the Battle of Marathon?
A) Limestone became unavailable
B) Marble was found to be cheaper
C) A new architect was hired
D) Victory allowed for more resources
  • 27. What happened to the Older Parthenon during the Persian invasion in 480 BC?
A) It remained untouched
B) It was burned and looted
C) It was expanded
D) It was converted into a palace
  • 28. What was the primary archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis by 1890?
A) Roman artifacts
B) Persian debris
C) Greek pottery
D) Mycenaean tools
  • 29. Which sculptor was responsible for overseeing the reconstruction of major temples on the Acropolis?
A) Polygnotus
B) Phidias
C) Praxiteles
D) Mys
  • 30. Who began building the Propylaea in 437 BC?
A) Callicrates
B) Phidias
C) Mnesicles
D) Ictinus
  • 31. Which artist decorated the northern wing of the Propylaea with paintings?
A) Phidias
B) Praxiteles
C) Mys
D) Polygnotus
  • 32. What type of columns lined the entrance to the Erechtheion?
A) Corinthian columns
B) Doric columns
C) Ionic columns
D) Composite columns
  • 33. Which unusual architectural feature does the Erechtheion have on its southwest porch?
A) Doric columns
B) Statues of gods
C) Paintings
D) Caryatids
  • 34. What did Athena hold in her left hand according to the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) A spear
B) An olive branch
C) A giant shield
D) A helmet
  • 35. Who decorated Athena's shield on the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) Mys
B) Phidias
C) Polygnotus
D) Praxiteles
  • 36. What was the goddess Artemis represented as in the Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia?
A) A bear
B) An owl
C) A swan
D) A lioness
  • 37. Who erected monuments in front of the NW corner of the Parthenon during the Hellenistic period?
A) Augustus
B) Eumenes II
C) Attalos II
D) Herodes Atticus
  • 38. Who built a grand amphitheater on the south slope of the Acropolis in 161 AD?
A) Herodes Atticus
B) Augustus
C) Eumenes II
D) The Herulians
  • 39. What was the Parthenon converted into during the Ottoman period?
A) A gunpowder magazine
B) A mosque
C) An administrative center
D) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
  • 40. What structure was built to protect the Klepsydra spring during the Greek War of Independence?
A) The Beulé Gate
B) The Frankopyrgos Tower
C) A bulwark named after Odysseas Androutsos
D) A sanctuary for Apollo
  • 41. During the Latin Duchy of Athens, what was the Parthenon used as?
A) A mosque
B) A gunpowder magazine
C) An amphitheater
D) The cathedral
  • 42. What was added to the Acropolis during the Latin Duchy of Athens and later demolished?
A) The Frankopyrgos Tower
B) A minaret inside the Parthenon
C) The Beulé Gate
D) An odeon
  • 43. Who was responsible for constructing a stoa on the south slope similar to that of Attalos in the agora?
A) Eumenes II
B) Herodes Atticus
C) Augustus
D) The Herulians
  • 44. What was the Erechtheum turned into during the Ottoman period?
A) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
B) The governor's private harem
C) An administrative center
D) A mosque with a minaret
  • 45. What was constructed during the 3rd century to restrict entrance in front of the Propylaea?
A) The Beulé Gate
B) A new tower named Frankopyrgos
C) A sanctuary for Apollo
D) An amphitheater by Herodes Atticus
  • 46. In what year was the Parthenon mosque demolished?
A) 1821
B) 1875
C) 1901
D) 1843
  • 47. Who was responsible for the restoration of the Acropolis in the 19th century?
A) Phidias
B) Leo von Klenze
C) Iktinos and Kallikrates
D) Wolf Seidl
  • 48. Where is the Acropolis Museum located in relation to the Parthenon?
A) Directly beneath the Parthenon
B) On the southern slope, 280 metres away
C) Inside the Parthenon
D) To the north of the Parthenon
  • 49. Which structure is east of the entrance and north of the Parthenon?
A) Propylaea
B) Erechtheum
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Odeon of Herodes Atticus
  • 50. What significant event did Greek Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou celebrate on the Acropolis in 1944?
A) End of World War I
B) Restoration of the Parthenon
C) Liberation from the Nazis
D) Independence of Greece
  • 51. When did the Acropolis Restoration Project begin?
A) 2000
B) 1975
C) 1985
D) 1950
  • 52. What is anastylosis in the context of the Acropolis restoration?
A) Using entirely new materials for reconstruction
B) Restoring using reassembled original material
C) Removing all existing structures
D) Covering old structures with modern designs
  • 53. Which festival rivaled the Olympic Games in popularity?
A) Delphic Games
B) Pythian Games
C) Olympic Festival
D) Great Panathenaea
  • 54. How many tons of architectural members were restored?
A) 3000 tons
B) 5000 tons
C) 2675 tons
D) 1500 tons
  • 55. What lithostratigraphic unit is softer and reddish in color?
A) Mount Pentelicus marble
B) Acropolis limestone
C) Athens schist
D) Lykabettos rock
  • 56. Approximately how many million years ago were the original sediments of Athens schist deposited?
A) 30 million years ago
B) 100 million years ago
C) 72 million years ago
D) 50 million years ago
  • 57. Which period does the Acropolis limestone date from?
A) Paleozoic era
B) Triassic period
C) Late Cretaceous period
D) Late Jurassic period
  • 58. How much older is the Acropolis limestone compared to the Athens schist?
A) About 30 million years
B) About 50 million years
C) About 10 million years
D) About 72 million years
  • 59. What natural threat is posed by the instability of the Acropolis limestone?
A) Rock slides
B) Floods
C) Landslides
D) Earthquakes
  • 60. Which measure has NOT been implemented to protect the Acropolis site?
A) Rock bolts
B) Drainage systems
C) Retaining walls
D) Geothermal heating systems
  • 61. Name one of the hills in Athens formed by erosion similar to that of the Acropolis.
A) Hymettus
B) Mount Olympus
C) Lykabettos
D) Parnitha Mountain
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