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Bystander effect - Quiz
Contributed by: Parkin
  • 1. What is the bystander effect?
A) An instinctual response to assist in any emergency situation.
B) A study that shows people are more likely to help when alone.
C) A behavior that encourages individuals to intervene in group settings.
D) A phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present.
  • 2. In which year was the term 'bystander effect' first introduced?
A) 1982.
B) 1975.
C) 1968.
D) 1990.
  • 3. Which factor contributes to the bystander effect?
A) Rapid decision-making skills.
B) Diffusion of responsibility.
C) Strong individualistic values.
D) Heightened sense of personal responsibility.
  • 4. What is the 'diffusion of responsibility' concept in the context of the bystander effect?
A) People respond more efficiently in groups rather than alone.
B) People selectively assign responsibility to others in emergency situations.
C) People feel less personal responsibility to respond when others are present.
D) People feel more personal responsibility to respond when others are present.
  • 5. What is the 'noticing' step in the bystander intervention process?
A) Being aware of an emergency situation.
B) Deciding whether to intervene.
C) Assessing the risks involved.
D) Taking direct action to help.
  • 6. How does the bystander effect influence emergency response time?
A) It has no effect on emergency response time.
B) It speeds up emergency response time.
C) It only affects individual response time.
D) It delays emergency response time.
  • 7. What can individuals do to overcome the bystander effect?
A) Rely on social norms to guide behavior.
B) Assume someone else will help and walk away.
C) Avoid getting involved in emergency situations.
D) Take personal responsibility and intervene.
  • 8. How can increasing awareness of the bystander effect help reduce its impact?
A) Encouraging people to solely rely on group decision-making.
B) Ignoring the presence of others in emergency situations.
C) Educating individuals about the phenomenon and its consequences.
D) Promoting an individualistic attitude in group settings.
  • 9. In the experiment by LatanĂ© and Rodin, what was the percentage of people who helped when alone?
A) Seventy percent
B) Forty percent
C) Fifty percent
D) Ninety percent
  • 10. According to a 2011 meta-analysis, in what type of emergencies is the bystander effect most likely to occur?
A) Non-dangerous emergencies
B) Non-emergency situations
C) All types of emergencies
D) Dangerous emergencies
  • 11. What percentage of bystanders intervened in conflicts according to Philpot et al. (2019)?
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) Over 90%
  • 12. What principle suggests that bystanders look to others to interpret an emergency?
A) Social comparison
B) Social influence
C) Social identity
D) Social facilitation
  • 13. What type of intervention involves directly assisting the victim?
A) Passive intervention
B) Detour intervention
C) Indirect intervention
D) Direct intervention
  • 14. In what type of situations was the bystander effect attenuated according to the 2011 meta-analysis?
A) All situations
B) Non-dangerous situations
C) Dangerous situations
D) Non-emergency situations
  • 15. What factor can delay a person's decision to assist another in need?
A) Low consequence
B) High ambiguity
C) Group cohesiveness
D) Environmental familiarity
  • 16. How does familiarity with the environment affect a bystander's likelihood to help?
A) Increases likelihood
B) Has no effect
C) Decreases likelihood
D) Causes confusion
  • 17. What effect does priming a social context have on helping behavior?
A) Encourages helping behavior
B) Has no effect
C) Increases urgency
D) May inhibit helping behavior
  • 18. Which group was most likely to respond to a hurt victim in Rutkowski et al.'s experiment?
A) Two member high cohesive group
B) Four member high cohesive group
C) Four member low cohesive group
D) Two member low cohesive group
  • 19. Which stage involves children considering possible benefits and costs before acting?
A) Noticing that something is wrong
B) Feeling empathy
C) Condensing motives for action
D) Interpreting a need for help
  • 20. Who eventually entered the water to save Raymond Zack?
A) A Coast Guard member
B) A good samaritan
C) A firefighter
D) A police officer
  • 21. On what date did the murder of Kitty Genovese occur?
A) October 24, 2009
B) March 13, 1964
C) December 25, 1964
D) May 30, 2011
  • 22. What psychological concept suggests that individuals in a group may lose their sense of individual accountability?
A) Group polarization
B) Social facilitation
C) Deindividuation
D) Conformity
  • 23. What was the screen name of the female victim in the experiment?
A) Sally Harmen
B) Suzanne Harmen
C) Susan Harmen
D) Suzy Harmen
  • 24. What was the mean response time when no specific person was called out for help?
A) 60.00 seconds
B) 45.00 seconds
C) 51.53 seconds
D) 36.38 seconds
  • 25. In the 2005 experiment, when were bystanders more likely to help an injured person?
A) If the person was wearing a liked football jersey
B) If the person was wearing a plain shirt
C) If the person was wearing a disliked football jersey
D) If the person was wearing a neutral shirt
  • 26. What year was the study by the International Ombudsman Association published?
A) 2011
B) 2009
C) 2010
D) 2008
  • 27. How does shared group-level psychological relationship affect helping behavior?
A) Causes confusion
B) Has no effect
C) Always inhibits helping
D) Can encourage helping
  • 28. Which program is used by American universities to improve bystander attitudes in cases of rape?
A) The Green Dot program
B) The Red Flag program
C) The Blue Light program
D) The InterAct Sexual Assault Prevention program
  • 29. What was the screen name of the male victim in the experiment?
A) Jake Harmen
B) James Harmen
C) Jake Smith
D) John Harmen
  • 30. What was found to predict helping behavior when social identification was controlled?
A) Empathy no longer predicted helping
B) Group size predicted helping
C) Social identification predicted helping
D) Empathy predicted helping
  • 31. What was one of the physical consequences suffered by Jane Doe after the assault?
A) Loss of hearing
B) Amnesia
C) Broken bones
D) Scars from cigarette burns on her back
  • 32. What term describes children thinking others are just playing rather than in distress?
A) Pluralistic ignorance
B) Empathic anger
C) Social status scanning
D) Moral deliberation
  • 33. What was Raymond Zack doing when he entered the waters off Robert Crown Memorial Beach?
A) Swimming
B) Standing neck deep in water
C) Fishing
D) Sailing
  • 34. Which of the following is a contextual ingredient influencing children's behavior according to Thornberg?
A) Peer pressure
B) Compliance with rules
C) Gender stereotypes
D) Fear of punishment
  • 35. What cultural characteristic did Boet KotzĂ© testify about in the S. vs. Sibisi case?
A) Personal accountability
B) Cultural isolation
C) Collective consciousness
D) Individualism
  • 36. What did an article published in American Psychologist in 2007 reveal about the Kitty Genovese case?
A) The story had been exaggerated by the media
B) There were more than 38 eyewitnesses
C) The attacker was immediately caught
D) The police were not called at all
  • 37. What study year did Robert Thornberg conduct research on children as bystanders?
A) 2010
B) 2012
C) 2007
D) 2005
  • 38. What was the mean response time when a specific person was called out for help?
A) 60.00 seconds
B) 51.53 seconds
C) 45.00 seconds
D) 36.38 seconds
  • 39. How long after the initial 911 call was the suspect arrested?
A) 3 minutes
B) 15 minutes
C) 10 minutes
D) 5 minutes
  • 40. What theory explains the effect of shared identity on empathy and helping behavior?
A) Social identity theory
B) Social comparison theory
C) Cognitive dissonance theory
D) Self-categorization theory
  • 41. How long did the sexual assault on the SEPTA train last?
A) 50 minutes
B) Nearly 40 minutes
C) 30 minutes
D) 20 minutes
  • 42. What is the final stage in Thornberg's model of moral deliberation as a bystander?
A) Feeling empathy
B) Noticing
C) Interpreting
D) Acting
  • 43. What concept was introduced in South African courts to make convictions more just?
A) Extenuating circumstances
B) Justifiable reasons
C) Mitigating factors
D) Reasonable doubt
  • 44. Which stage involves children paying selective attention to their environment?
A) Interpreting a need for help
B) Acting
C) Noticing that something is wrong
D) Feeling empathy
  • 45. How many online chat groups were observed in the experiment?
A) 300
B) 100
C) 500
D) 400
  • 46. What is the name of the ABC primetime show that tests the bystander effect?
A) Bystander Intervention: Reality Check
B) What Would You Do? The Series
C) The Bystander Effect: Live
D) Primetime: What Would You Do?
  • 47. What ultimately caused Raymond Zack to collapse in the water?
A) Hypothermia
B) Heart attack
C) Dehydration
D) Drowning
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