A) Police officers impose judicial penalties B) Law enforcement gathers evidence while the judiciary independently adjudicates the case C) Police officers decide the guilt of suspects D) Judges direct police officers on how to conduct every investigation
A) Community participation B) Separation of powers C) Integrity and fairness D) Judicial economy
A) Fair administration of justice B) Community policing C) Correctional treatment D) Rehabilitation
A) To supervise all correctional facilities B) To independently determine cases according to law and evidence C) To prosecute all suspects D) To investigate every reported crime
A) Presumption of innocence B) Police discretion C) Judicial supremacy D) Retribution
A) Criminal cases are decided by private individuals B) Civil cases never involve courts C) Civil actions always result in imprisonment D) Criminal prosecution generally involves an offense against the State or public order
A) Judicial review B) Legislative supremacy C) Proportionality and respect for human rights D) Community sovereignty
A) Judicial notice B) Due process C) Equal protection only D) Double jeopardy
A) Procedural due process B) Equal protection C) Substantive due process D) Double jeopardy
A) Right to counsel B) Double jeopardy C) Substantive due process D) Procedural due process
A) Presumption of innocence B) Double jeopardy C) Equal protection D) Self-incrimination
A) Exempting government officials from criminal prosecution B) Giving favored treatment to politically influential suspects C) Applying the law fairly to persons similarly situated D) Allowing police officers to choose which laws apply
A) Police power B) Equal protection C) Due process D) Double jeopardy
A) Interpreting laws B) Adjudicating criminal cases C) Determining legal controversies D) Conducting routine criminal investigation
A) Representing the State in criminal cases B) Imposing the final sentence on a convicted offender C) Evaluating evidence for prosecution D) Conducting preliminary investigation when authorized by law
A) Determination of guilt B) Reintegration C) Custody of offenders D) Rehabilitation
A) Adjudication B) Prosecution C) Investigation D) Rehabilitation
A) A person reports a crime to the police B) A prosecutor dismisses a complaint C) A person commits a crime for the first time D) A convicted offender returns to criminal behavior after previously being punished for an offense
A) It allows offenders to avoid accountability B) It eliminates the need for courts C) It seeks to prepare offenders for lawful and productive reintegration into society D) It guarantees that every offender will be acquitted
A) Reintegration B) Adjudication C) Investigation D) Prosecution
A) Supervising convicted offenders B) Arresting a suspect after a crime has been committed C) Presenting evidence during trial D) Conducting visible patrols in areas identified as vulnerable to criminal activity
A) Imposing a sentence B) Conducting rehabilitation programs C) Determining the constitutionality of a statute D) Gathering and analyzing information to establish the facts and circumstances of an offense
A) To determine the final sentence B) To establish facts relevant to the offense C) To exercise judicial authority D) To replace the prosecutor
A) The accused must always prove that he is innocent B) The judge must investigate the accused personally C) The police must impose the appropriate punishment D) The prosecution must establish the accused's guilt beyond reasonable doubt
A) Order the police to impose punishment B) Convict because the prosecutor believes the accused is guilty C) Acquit because guilt was not established beyond reasonable doubt D) Convict because arrest creates a presumption of guilt
A) It is the standard necessary for every criminal conviction B) It is equivalent to proof beyond reasonable doubt C) It is a reasonable basis for believing that a crime has been committed and that the person involved may be responsible D) It guarantees the guilt of the accused
A) Automatic conviction B) Final guilt C) A sufficient legal basis for the issuance of the warrant D) Completion of the criminal trial
A) Community control B) Due process and presumption of innocence C) Administrative convenience D) Police discretion
A) Judicial supremacy B) Double jeopardy C) Legislative immunity D) Voluntariness and constitutional safeguards
A) A police officer refuses all external review B) An officer is automatically immune from liability because of official position C) A police officer determines his own punishment D) An officer is investigated for an alleged violation of law or regulations
A) Judicial review B) Political neutrality only C) Retribution D) Integrity
A) An official accepts money in exchange for favorable treatment B) An officer follows established procedures C) A court renders a decision based on evidence D) A prosecutor evaluates evidence objectively
A) Consistent enforcement of laws B) Favoritism toward influential individuals C) Transparent disciplinary proceedings D) Respect for constitutional rights
A) Appellate review B) Sentencing C) Adjudication D) Crime prevention
A) It applies only to convicted offenders B) It seeks to reduce the occurrence of crime before offenses happen C) It begins only after conviction D) It is exclusively performed by courts
A) Prosecutorial discretion B) Community participation in crime prevention C) Correctional custody D) Judicial review
A) Correctional institution B) Court C) Prosecutor's office D) Police department
A) Judicial independence and due process B) Police supremacy C) Executive interference D) Community control
A) Executive control B) Judicial independence C) Community supremacy D) Police discretion
A) Police agencies may create criminal statutes B) Criminal justice functions are distributed among constitutionally recognized branches and institutions C) One government branch performs all criminal justice functions D) Courts may exercise unlimited executive authority
A) Separation of powers B) Correctional independence C) Police authority D) Absolute judicial power
A) Legislative B) Executive C) Correctional D) Judicial
A) Community B) Legislative C) Judicial D) Executive
A) Judicial B) Executive C) Non of the above D) Legislative
A) Police supremacy B) Administrative convenience C) Rule of law D) Executive privilege
A) Police officers may override constitutional limitations B) Government officials may act according to personal judgment regardless of law C) Laws apply only to private citizens D) All persons and institutions, including government authorities, are subject to the law
A) Public anger B) Immediate punishment C) Due process and the rule of law D) Media opinion
A) Ignoring constitutional safeguards to obtain convictions B) Applying the law fairly while protecting the rights of the accused and the interests of society C) Convicting every arrested person D) Giving harsher punishment solely because of public demand
A) Courts should follow the decisions of police investigators B) Each pillar should perform its legally assigned function while coordinating with the others and respecting constitutional rights C) Community members should determine the guilt and punishment of offenders D) Law enforcement should control all other pillars
A) Community participation B) Presumption of innocence C) Correctional rehabilitation D) Police efficiency
A) Punishing a suspect immediately after arrest B) Allowing police officers to impose penalties C) Giving the accused a fair opportunity to be heard according to established legal procedures D) Allowing the media to determine guilt
A) Use the evidence because conviction is the objective B) Ignore the defect because the accused is probably guilty C) Observe ethical and legal duties and avoid relying on fabricated evidence D) Ask the court to convict based on the police report alone
A) Giving harsher treatment to unpopular individuals B) Giving preferential treatment to politically influential suspects C) Applying legal standards without regard to personal relationships D) Allowing public opinion to determine prosecution
A) Executive supremacy B) Police discretion C) Community control D) Judicial independence
A) The community has authority over all government institutions B) The judiciary controls all five pillars C) Each pillar performs identical functions D) The performance of one pillar can affect the effectiveness of the others
A) Interdependence of the criminal justice pillars B) Correctional independence C) Judicial supremacy D) Separation of the community
A) Gather facts and evidence in accordance with law B) Decide whether the accused should be convicted C) Determine the final guilt of the suspect D) Impose the sentence
A) Serve as the correctional officer B) Represent the State and evaluate and present evidence according to law C) Impose imprisonment D) Personally determine the accused's guilt
A) Conduct routine police patrols B) Conduct correctional counseling C) Determine criminal liability through judicial proceedings D) Investigate every reported crime
A) It determines probable cause for warrants B) It enacts criminal statutes C) It focuses primarily on arrest and investigation D) It focuses on custody, treatment, rehabilitation, and reintegration of offenders
A) Adjudication B) Retribution C) Rehabilitation D) Investigation
A) Citizens impose criminal sentences B) Citizens determine guilt C) Citizens participate in programs designed to reduce conditions associated with crime D) Citizens issue search warrants
A) Prosecution B) Adjudication C) Reintegration D) Investigation
A) Rehabilitation completely eliminates accountability B) Modern corrections may combine lawful punishment with efforts to reform and reintegrate offenders C) Rehabilitation means that offenders are automatically released D) Punishment and rehabilitation can never coexist
A) Judiciary B) Prosecution C) Corrections D) Community
A) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology B) Bureau of Corrections C) Philippine National Police D) National Bureau of Investigation
A) Bureau of Corrections B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology C) Department of Justice D) Supreme Court
A) The person should automatically be treated as a convicted prisoner B) Detention before conviction does not by itself establish guilt C) The person may be punished without trial D) The person has already been found guilty
A) Freedom of religion and assembly B) Right to be informed and right to counsel C) Right to property and education D) Right to travel and suffrage
A) A person refuses to provide compelled testimony that would incriminate him B) A police officer refuses to investigate C) A prosecutor refuses to file a case D) . A person refuses to obey a lawful court order unrelated to testimony
A) Supremacy of law enforcement B) Separation of functions among criminal justice agencies C) Community adjudication D) Judicial delegation of police powers
A) Judicial independence B) Correctional rehabilitation C) Impartial administration of justice D) Police discretion
A) Judicial review B) Presumption of innocence C) Double jeopardy D) Police power
A) Police discretion B) Community supremacy C) Executive control D) Judicial independence
A) Proof beyond reasonable doubt is required before any investigation can begin. B) Probable cause concerns whether there is sufficient basis to proceed, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is required for conviction. C) Probable cause is sufficient for conviction, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is needed only for arrest. D) Both standards require exactly the same level of certainty.
A) Community participation B) Judicial supremacy C) Police power D) Presumption of innocence
A) Reintegration B) All of the above C) Rehabilitation D) Integrity
A) Using official position to avoid disciplinary proceedings B) Refusing to disclose misconduct because of institutional reputation C) Submitting to lawful investigation regarding an alleged abuse of authority D) Ignoring complaints against fellow officers
A) Rehabilitation B) Adjudication C) Investigation D) Retribution
A) Deterrence B) Reintegration C) Prosecution D) Adjudication
A) Corrections B) Community C) Judiciary D) Prosecution
A) Crime control always prevails over individual rights. B) Police authority is unlimited during criminal investigations C) Constitutional rights apply only after conviction. D) Law enforcement must operate within constitutional and legal limitations.
A) A prosecutor gives preferential treatment to a political ally. B) A judge decides a case according to personal preference. C) A government official ignores a law because of his position. D) A police officer follows established legal procedures despite pressure from influential individuals.
A) Right against self-incrimination B) Double jeopardy C) Judicial review D) Equal protection
A) Procedural due process B) Substantive due process C) Equal protection D) Double jeopardy
A) Substantive due process B) Right to counsel C) Procedural due process D) Double jeopardy
A) Equal protection B) Double jeopardy C) Freedom of assembly D) Right to information
A) Right to counsel B) Right to suffrage C) Right to travel D) Right to property
A) Right to assembly B) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution C) Protection against compelled self-incrimination and coercive interrogation D) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt
A) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution B) Judicial control over investigation C) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution D) Supremacy of police authority
A) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt B) Police discretion C) Public opinion D) Administrative efficiency
A) A police officer examines physical evidence B) Separation of powers and checks and balances C) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution D) A correctional officer supervises an inmate
A) Police supremacy B) Community sovereignty C) Judicial absolutism D) Separation of powers and checks and balances
A) Adjudication B) Correctional treatment C) Prosecution D) Crime prevention
A) The police perform all criminal justice functions. B) The community independently determines guilt and punishment. C) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar. D) The police properly investigate a case, the prosecutor evaluates it, the court adjudicates it, corrections handles the offender, and the community supports prevention and reintegration.
A) Each pillar operates completely independently. B) The judiciary controls all investigative decisions. C) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar. D) The community is responsible for preserving evidence.
A) Corrections should determine whether the offender is guilty. B) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. C) Punishment should be the sole purpose of corrections. D) Convicted offenders should automatically be released.
A) Community control B) Integrity and adherence to the rule of law C) Institutional disloyalty D) Judicial supremacy
A) Every person arrested is eventually convicted. B) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law. C) Courts disregard procedural requirements to increase conviction rates. D) Police officers determine guilt to expedite cases.
A) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. B) To protect society and maintain peace and order while ensuring justice, lawful procedures, protection of rights, and appropriate treatment of offenders C) To maximize the number of convictions regardless of circumstances D) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law. |