- 1. How many German soldiers were freed up for the Western Front by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) Half a million
B) Two million
C) A million
D) Five hundred thousand
- 2. Which historian claimed the treaty sowed the seeds for the Cold War?
A) Vladimir Lenin
B) Adolf Joffe
C) Spencer Tucker
D) Leon Trotsky
- 3. Where did Lenin move the Soviet government immediately after the treaty?
A) Kiev
B) Moscow
C) Petrograd
D) Minsk
- 4. Who assassinated German Ambassador Wilhelm von Mirbach in 1918?
A) German revolutionaries
B) Left SRs
C) Bolshevik soldiers
D) Tsarist diplomats
- 5. What was the primary goal of Russian ambassador Joffe while in Germany?
A) Securing food supplies
B) Spying on the military
C) Distributing propaganda to trigger a revolution
D) Negotiating new borders
- 6. On what date did the Bolshevik legislature (VTsIK) annul the treaty?
A) 13 November 1918
B) 14 November 1918
C) 11 November 1918
D) 4 November 1918
- 7. Which treaty ended the Polish–Soviet War?
A) Treaty of Rapallo
B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
C) Treaty of Riga
D) Armistice of 11 November
- 8. What action did the Ottoman Empire take in May 1918 that broke the treaty?
A) Invading Ukraine
B) Invading the First Republic of Armenia
C) Assassinating Joffe
D) Seizing communications centers
- 9. Which agreement in 1922 saw Germany accept the nullification of the Brest-Litovsk treaty?
A) Nazi-Soviet pact
B) Treaty of Rapallo
C) Armistice of 1918
D) Treaty of Riga
- 10. Which group saw the lands lost by Bolshevik Russia as an opportunity to set up independent states?
A) Tsarist bureaucrats
B) Non-Russians inhabiting those lands
C) The Allied Powers
D) Left SRs
- 11. What did the Allied Powers fear the terms of the treaty represented?
A) A boost for the Bolshevik economy
B) The end of German expansionism
C) A peaceful resolution to the war
D) A warning of what to expect if the Central Powers won
- 12. In what year did the Soviet Union invade Poland according to the Nazi-Soviet pact?
A) 1941
B) 1940
C) 1939
D) 1938
- 13. What happened to Joffe and his staff on 5 November 1918?
A) They were arrested by the Tsar
B) They were executed
C) They joined the German government
D) They were ejected from Germany
- 14. Which newspaper printed the VTsIK Decision to annul the treaty?
A) Petrograd News
B) Pravda
C) The Russian Gazette
D) Izvestia
- 15. What territory did the Soviet Union occupy in 1940 as part of its westward border expansion?
A) The Balkans
B) Sweden
C) Germany
D) Estonia
- 16. Which Ottoman leader insisted on the return of territories surrendered in the Russo-Turkish War?
A) Enver Pasha
B) Talaat Pasha
C) Mustafa Kemal
D) Djemal Pasha
- 17. Which territories were to be returned to the Ottoman Empire under the treaty?
A) Ardahan, Kars, and Batumi
B) Crimea, Odessa, and Kiev
C) Baku, Tbilisi, and Yerevan
D) Tabriz, Erzurum, and Van
- 18. Who had effective control of the Caucasus territories at the time of the treaty?
A) Ottoman and British forces
B) Armenian and Georgian forces
C) Russian and German forces
D) Azerbaijani and Turkish forces
- 19. What were the Caucasus districts required to do regarding Russian troops?
A) Clear them without delay
B) Form a military alliance
C) Invite them to stay
D) Disarm them immediately
- 20. With which country were the Caucasus districts encouraged to agree upon reorganization?
A) France
B) Great Britain
C) Germany
D) Ottoman Empire
- 21. How much compensation in German marks did the Soviets agree to pay?
A) Twelve billion
B) Three billion
C) Nine billion
D) Six billion
- 22. What percentage of the Baku oil field output did the Soviets agree to sell to Germany?
A) 25%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 75%
- 23. How many secret clauses were included in the Soviet-German financial agreement?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Five
D) Ten
- 24. What was one purpose of the secret clauses in the August 1918 agreement?
A) The exchange of prisoners of war
B) The annexation of Finland
C) German military action against Entente forces
D) The sale of grain to Germany
- 25. Which troops were specifically marked for expulsion from Baku in the secret clauses?
A) Russian loyalist troops
B) Ottoman troops
C) French troops
D) British troops
- 26. Who signed the treaty on behalf of Soviet Russia?
A) Grigori Sokolnikov
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Vladimir Lenin
D) Ludendorff
- 27. Which of these was NOT a signatory to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) Ottoman Empire
B) United Kingdom
C) Austria-Hungary
D) Bulgaria
- 28. What percentage of the former Russian Empire's operational coal mines were taken by the treaty?
A) 34%
B) 90%
C) 54%
D) 25%
- 29. Who was the German figure who detailed the plan for German influence in ceded territories?
A) Ludendorff
B) Grigori Sokolnikov
C) Adolf Friedrich
D) Wilhelm Karl
- 30. What was the proposed name for the entity comprising Latvia and Estonia?
A) Greater Lithuania
B) United Baltic Duchy
C) New Prussia
D) German Protectorate East
- 31. Who was the Duke appointed as the nominal ruler of Lithuania?
A) Ludendorff
B) Grigori Sokolnikov
C) Adolf Friedrich
D) Wilhelm Karl
- 32. What percentage of Russia's population was lost due to the treaty?
A) 89%
B) 25%
C) 54%
D) 34%
- 33. Which country did Bessarabia unite with after the treaty's aftermath?
A) Finland
B) Poland
C) Romania
D) Bulgaria
- 34. What percentage of Russia's railways was lost according to the treaty?
A) 34%
B) 89%
C) 54%
D) 26%
- 35. Which of these countries was NOT part of the Central Powers at the time of the treaty?
A) Ottoman Empire
B) Bulgaria
C) Russia
D) Germany
- 36. Who was the initial head of the Soviet delegation to the Brest-Litovsk negotiations?
A) Vladimir Lenin
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Georgy Chicherin
D) Adolph Joffe
- 37. What percentage of the former Russian Empire's industrial land was lost under the terms of the treaty?
A) 54%
B) 89%
C) 26%
D) 34%
- 38. What formula did Leon Trotsky announce on 10 February 1918 regarding the peace negotiations?
A) Peace at any price
B) No war – no peace
C) Surrender all territories
D) Immediate mobilization
- 39. Which movement gained a unifying cause due to the controversial nature of the treaty in Russia?
A) The Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
B) The Red Guards
C) The Provisional Government
D) The White movement
- 40. What percentage of Russia's coalfields was lost under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) 54%
B) 89%
C) 26%
D) 34%
- 41. Who replaced Leon Trotsky as foreign minister after his resignation?
A) Adolph Joffe
B) Nikolai Bukharin
C) Georgy Chicherin
D) Karl Radek
- 42. Where were the peace negotiations held?
A) Vienna
B) Petrograd
C) Berlin
D) Brest-Litovsk
- 43. What document did Lenin sign on 8 November 1917 to propose an end to the war?
A) Milyukov note
B) April Theses
C) Order No. 1
D) Decree on Peace
- 44. Which country's independence was confirmed by the Soviet government in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) Finland
B) Belarus
C) Poland
D) Ukraine
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