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Isaac Newton - Quiz
Contributed by: Costello
  • 1. When was Isaac Newton born?
A) 1643
B) 1701
C) 1756
D) 1572
  • 2. Which field of study is Isaac Newton best known for contributing to?
A) Physics
B) Economics
C) Psychology
D) Biology
  • 3. What is Newton's first law of motion commonly known as?
A) Law of Thermodynamics
B) Law of Inertia
C) Law of Relativity
D) Law of Gravity
  • 4. What mathematical concept did Isaac Newton co-develop with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz?
A) Geometry
B) Algebra
C) Calculus
D) Statistics
  • 5. Isaac Newton served as the President of which royal society?
A) Royal Society of Physics
B) Royal Society of Sciences
C) Royal Society of Edinburgh
D) Royal Society of London
  • 6. What fruit is often associated with the legend of Newton discovering the theory of gravity?
A) Pear
B) Apple
C) Banana
D) Orange
  • 7. What was the title of Newton's first major scientific work that detailed his discoveries about the nature of colors?
A) A Brief History of Time
B) On the Origin of Species
C) Principia
D) Opticks
  • 8. What title did Isaac Newton hold when he was Master of the Royal Mint?
A) Chancellor
B) Treasurer
C) Warden
D) Keeper
  • 9. What was the approximate year when Newton passed away?
A) 1698
B) 1785
C) 1753
D) 1727
  • 10. Newton's work 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica' introduced which theory?
A) Electromagnetism
B) Universal Gravitation
C) Special Relativity
D) Quantum Mechanics
  • 11. What color is most commonly associated with Newton's experiments on light?
A) Red
B) White
C) Black
D) Green
  • 12. What title was Newton given by the English parliament in 1705?
A) High Councilor
B) Master of the Mint
C) Chief Scientist
D) Royal Tutor
  • 13. What was Isaac Newton's mother's maiden name?
A) Ayscough
B) Jones
C) Johnson
D) Smith
  • 14. What was the title of the book in which Newton outlined his laws of motion?
A) Principia
B) De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium
C) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
D) Elements
  • 15. In what year was Isaac Newton's 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica' first published?
A) 1699
B) 1687
C) 1704
D) 1715
  • 16. What significant scientific method did Isaac Newton contribute to and refine?
A) The theoretical method
B) The experimental method
C) The scientific method
D) The observational method
  • 17. Who shared credit with Isaac Newton for formulating infinitesimal calculus?
A) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
B) Leonhard Euler
C) Carl Friedrich Gauss
D) Albert Einstein
  • 18. What type of telescope did Isaac Newton build?
A) Radio telescope
B) Reflecting telescope
C) Infrared telescope
D) Refracting telescope
  • 19. What effect did Newton first theorize that involves the reflection of light?
A) Rayleigh scattering
B) Goos–Hänchen effect
C) Fresnel diffraction
D) Snell's law
  • 20. Which political party was Isaac Newton associated with during his time as a Member of Parliament?
A) Tories
B) Whigs
C) Conservatives
D) Labour Party
  • 21. What did Newton theorize about the shape of the Earth?
A) A perfect sphere
B) An oblate spheroid
C) An irregular shape
D) A prolate spheroid
  • 22. What mathematical concept did Newton generalize to any real number?
A) The binomial theorem
B) Fermat's Last Theorem
C) Pythagorean theorem
D) Euclidean geometry
  • 23. What was one of Newton's contributions to numerical integration?
A) Monte Carlo method
B) Simpson's rule
C) Newton–Cotes formulas
D) Gaussian quadrature
  • 24. What did Newton introduce that is related to the study of fluid dynamics?
A) Laminar flow
B) Turbulent flow
C) Newtonian fluid
D) Reynolds number
  • 25. What was Newton's role at the Royal Society from 1703 to 1727?
A) Member
B) Founder
C) President
D) Secretary
  • 26. On what date was Isaac Newton born according to the Julian calendar?
A) 31 October 1642
B) 4 January 1643
C) 25 December 1642
D) 29 February 1642
  • 27. Where was Isaac Newton born?
A) Oxford, England
B) London, England
C) Cambridge, England
D) Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Lincolnshire
  • 28. How old was Isaac Newton when his father died?
A) Five years old
B) Three months old
C) Ten years old
D) One year old
  • 29. What did Newton's mother attempt to make him?
A) A lawyer
B) A mathematician
C) A farmer
D) A schoolteacher
  • 30. What motivated Isaac Newton to become the top-ranked student?
A) Curiosity about science
B) Interest in mathematics
C) Encouragement from his mother
D) A desire for revenge against a schoolyard bully
  • 31. What subjects were taught at The King's School in Grantham?
A) Medicine, philosophy, and theology
B) Engineering, architecture, and design
C) Physics, chemistry, and biology
D) Latin, Ancient Greek, and mathematics
  • 32. In which college at the University of Cambridge did Isaac Newton study?
A) King's College
B) Queens' College
C) St John's College
D) Trinity College
  • 33. What role did Isaac Newton initially take on at Cambridge to pay for his studies?
A) Fellow of the college
B) Subsizar, performing valet duties
C) Tutor
D) Librarian
  • 34. Who was Isaac Newton's predecessor as Lucasian Professor?
A) William Ayscough
B) Isaac Barrow
C) Thomas Street
D) John Wallis
  • 35. In which year was Isaac Newton elected a Fellow of the Royal Society?
A) 1699
B) 1687
C) 1672
D) 1665
  • 36. Who originally published the Geographia Generalis in 1650?
A) John Dugdale
B) Isaac Newton
C) Bernhardus Varenius
D) Shaw
  • 37. In what year did Isaac Newton begin his work on calculus?
A) 1699
B) 1687
C) 1671
D) 1664
  • 38. What term is used to refer to Newton's version of calculus?
A) Differential Calculus
B) Analytical Geometry
C) Fluxions
D) Integral Calculus
  • 39. Which problem did Newton solve in a night, pioneering the field of calculus of variations?
A) Newton–Pepys problem
B) The brachistochrone curve problem
C) Minimal resistance problem
D) Cubic plane curves classification
  • 40. What did Newton's private manuscript from 1664-66 contribute to?
A) Geometric probability
B) Numerical integration
C) Coordinate geometry
D) Calculus of variations
  • 41. Who was the Swiss mathematician close to Newton who started writing a new version of Principia?
A) John Keill
B) Simon Stevin
C) Jacob Bernoulli
D) Nicolas Fatio de Duillier
  • 42. What was Newton's estate value at the time of his death?
A) Exactly £20,000
B) Over £50,000
C) Under £10,000
D) Around £30,000
  • 43. Who served as Newton's hostess in social affairs at his Jermyn Street house?
A) His half-niece, Catherine Barton
B) His niece from Cranbury Park
C) A servant
D) Queen Anne
  • 44. Which physicist praised Newton by stating 'Never was the supremacy of intellect so justly established and so fully confessed'?
A) Jean-Baptiste Biot
B) Peter Rowlands
C) Albert Einstein
D) Edward Andrade
  • 45. Which mathematical concept did Newton introduce that is still widely used in physics?
A) Power series
B) Polar coordinates
C) Dot notation
D) Bipolar coordinates
  • 46. In which year did Isaac Newton first formulate an empirical law of cooling?
A) 1672
B) 1701
C) 1744
D) 1687
  • 47. In which poll did Isaac Newton rank as the greatest Briton in 2003?
A) University of Cambridge students
B) Royal Society
C) Time magazine
D) BBC World
  • 48. What material did Newton use to make his first reflective mirrors for the telescope?
A) Silver
B) Copper
C) Speculum metal
D) Glass
  • 49. Which philosopher considered Newton a central figure in modern philosophy?
A) Baruch Spinoza
B) Johann Jakob Brucker
C) René Descartes
D) David Hume
  • 50. What religious denomination was Isaac Newton born into?
A) Puritan
B) Anglican
C) Catholic
D) Jewish
  • 51. What did Newton classify into four types, later proven to be all possible by James Stirling?
A) Linear transformations
B) Geometric shapes
C) Cubic plane curves
D) Quadratic equations
  • 52. Where did Isaac Newton's body lie in state?
A) Westminster Abbey
B) St. Paul's Cathedral
C) The Royal Society headquarters
D) His home in London
  • 53. Which university is putting all of Newton's known writings on alchemy online?
A) Cambridge University
B) Indiana University
C) Harvard University
D) Oxford University
  • 54. What was the title of John Flamsteed's work that Newton used in his studies?
A) Principia Mathematica
B) Opticks
C) Philosophiæ Naturalis
D) Historia Coelestis Britannica
  • 55. Who was the first scientist to be knighted before Newton?
A) Francis Bacon
B) Edmond Halley
C) Robert Hooke
D) Galileo Galilei
  • 56. Who frequently asserted that Isaac Newton was the greatest genius who ever lived?
A) Albert Einstein
B) Joseph-Louis Lagrange
C) James Clerk Maxwell
D) Thomas Jefferson
  • 57. Who ranked physicists on a logarithmic scale with Newton at 0?
A) Stephen Hawking
B) Albert Einstein
C) James Jeans
D) Lev Landau
  • 58. What did Newton's burning mirror reportedly achieve in terms of radiant energy?
A) 50 W cm⁻², dimmer than the Sun
B) 100 W cm⁻², equal to the Sun's intensity
C) 460 W cm⁻², brighter than a thousand Suns
D) 200 W cm⁻², half as bright as the Sun
  • 59. What term did Isaac Newton coin in his work related to celestial mechanics?
A) Gravitational constant
B) Centripetal force
C) Inertia
D) Kepler's laws
  • 60. What did Newton's analysis and resynthesis of white light owe a debt to?
A) Quantum mechanics
B) Relativity
C) Corpuscular alchemy
D) Wave theory
  • 61. What standard did Britain effectively move to after Newton's change?
A) A bimetallic standard
B) The silver standard
C) A paper currency standard
D) Its first gold standard
  • 62. In what year was the Israel collection of Newton's papers inscribed by UNESCO on its Memory of the World International Register?
A) 2020
B) 2015
C) 2007
D) 2012
  • 63. What percentage of coins did Newton estimate were counterfeit during the Great Recoinage of 1696?
A) 50 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 30 percent
  • 64. Which Founding Father considered Newton one of the three greatest men who ever lived?
A) Benjamin Franklin
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) George Washington
D) John Adams
  • 65. In which year did William Stukeley record a conversation with Newton about the apple story?
A) 1666
B) 1816
C) 1752
D) 1727
  • 66. Which English poet wrote a famous epitaph for Isaac Newton?
A) Alexander Pope
B) William Shakespeare
C) Samuel Taylor Coleridge
D) John Milton
  • 67. What was the outcome that Newton chose in his correspondence with Samuel Pepys over the probability problem?
A) Outcome C: eighteen dice tossed with at least three sixes appearing
B) Outcome A: six dice tossed with at least one six appearing
C) None of the above
D) Outcome B: twelve dice tossed with at least two sixes appearing
  • 68. In which century did Newton observe the Magnus effect?
A) 20th century
B) 17th century
C) 18th century
D) 19th century
  • 69. What did Newton use to approximate partial sums of the harmonic series?
A) Taylor series
B) Logarithms
C) Finite differences
D) Power series
  • 70. What was the name of the method Newton developed for solving simultaneous equations?
A) Newton-Cotes formulas
B) Taylor series
C) Fluxions
D) Gaussian elimination
  • 71. Who was Newton's first biographer that interpreted his manuscripts?
A) David Brewster
B) Thomas Burnet
C) John Maynard Keynes
D) Stephen Snobelen
  • 72. What did Newton's scientific method emphasize over speculative reasoning?
A) Observable data
B) Theoretical conjectures
C) Hypotheses
D) Mathematical proofs
  • 73. Who sought Newton's advice on a critical New Testament edition?
A) David Brewster
B) Thomas Tenison
C) John Mill
D) Henry More
  • 74. Whose work later incorporated Newton's empirical law of cooling?
A) Denis Diderot
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Joseph Fourier
D) Heinrich Magnus
  • 75. What did Newton's scientific method transform theoretical questions into?
A) Empirically solvable ones
B) Purely mathematical problems
C) Hypothetical conjectures
D) Philosophical inquiries
  • 76. What term was used in seventeenth-century England for what we now call alchemy?
A) Chemistry
B) Alchemy
C) Chymistry
D) Mysticism
  • 77. In which year did Newton observe that a prism refracts different colors at different angles?
A) 1699
B) 1685
C) 1671
D) 1666
  • 78. What was the percentage of Newton's library dedicated to mathematics?
A) 3%
B) 7.2%
C) 15%
D) 10%
  • 79. Which Enlightenment intellectual was influenced by Newton's portrayal as a philosophical figure?
A) Voltaire
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) Jean le Rond d'Alembert
D) John Locke
  • 80. Who defended Newton's position in a famous correspondence?
A) Thomas Burnet
B) Samuel Clarke
C) Henry More
D) John Maynard Keynes
  • 81. Who encouraged and financially supported the publication of Newton's 'Principia'?
A) Robert Hooke
B) Edmond Halley
C) John Flamsteed
D) David Brewster
  • 82. Which philosopher described Newton as 'a very valuable man not only for his wonderful skill in Mathematicks but in divinity too and his great knowledge in the Scriptures where in I know few his equals'?
A) Pierre-Simon Laplace
B) Thomas Burnet
C) John Locke
D) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
  • 83. Who ranked Newton alongside Carl Friedrich Gauss and Archimedes as the three greatest mathematicians of all time?
A) Donald M. Davis
B) Walter Crosby Eells
C) E.T. Bell
D) Clifford A. Pickover
  • 84. Who described Newton as 'the central figure in the history of science'?
A) Stephen Hawking
B) James Jeans
C) Guillaume de l'Hôpital
D) Peter Rowlands
  • 85. What did Newton propose about the interaction between optical reflection and refraction?
A) Refraction occurs without reflection.
B) They arise from interactions across the entire surface.
C) Reflection is more important than refraction.
D) They are independent phenomena.
  • 86. Who claimed that Newton had no commerce with women?
A) Voltaire
B) Samuel Pepys
C) Catherine Barton
D) John Conduitt
  • 87. What famous expression did Newton use in the second edition of 'Principia' to reject hypotheses not implied by phenomena?
A) Cogito, ergo sum
B) Hypotheses non fingo
C) E pur si muove
D) Sic transit gloria mundi
  • 88. Which physicist kept a picture of Isaac Newton on his study wall alongside Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell?
A) Albert Einstein
B) Niels Bohr
C) Erwin Schrödinger
D) Richard Feynman
  • 89. What percentage of Newton's library was dedicated to theology?
A) 40%
B) 27.2%
C) 15%
D) 10%
  • 90. Who was the serial counterfeiter that Isaac Newton successfully prosecuted?
A) William Chaloner
B) Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax
C) Robert Lucas, 3rd Baron Lucas of Shenfield
D) Thomas Neale
  • 91. Where did Newton spend some time toward the end of his life?
A) Trinity College, Cambridge
B) Cranbury Park, near Winchester
C) London
D) Oxford University
  • 92. Who called Newton's Principia 'the first and greatest work ever written about theoretical physics'?
A) Joseph-Louis Lagrange
B) Ludwig Boltzmann
C) James Jeans
D) Stephen Hawking
  • 93. In which year were two unpublished pages of Newton's notes on Jan Baptist van Helmont's book auctioned online?
A) 2000
B) 2020
C) 2015
D) 1990
  • 94. What did Newton use to describe the effect that would become known as gravity?
A) Gravitas (weight)
B) Force
C) Mass
D) Acceleration
  • 95. What problem did Newton's reflecting telescope solve?
A) Astigmatism
B) Diffraction
C) Chromatic aberration
D) Interference
  • 96. What was Newton's contribution to the theory of finite differences?
A) He introduced fractional indices for it.
B) He formulated Bézout's theorem for it.
C) He developed Gaussian elimination for it.
D) He is regarded as the single most significant contributor.
  • 97. What term did Newton use to describe the multicolored image produced by a prism?
A) color array
B) spectrum
C) chromatic display
D) prismatogram
  • 98. In which year did Newton publish 'Opticks'?
A) 1687
B) 1704
C) 1699
D) 1675
  • 99. How did Newton's method use provisionally accepted propositions?
A) To establish unchangeable laws
B) To reject all previous scientific theories
C) To guide research through successive approximations
D) To avoid empirical testing
  • 100. What theological position did Isaac Newton side with, according to his writings?
A) Trinitarianism
B) Arianism
C) Deism
D) Socinianism
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