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John C. Calhoun - Quiz
Contributed by: Collins
  • 1. How many interpretations of Congressional power regarding slavery emerged in the 1840s?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Four
D) Two
  • 2. According to the 'free-soil doctrine', who had the power to outlaw slavery in the territories?
A) Congress
B) Local voters
C) The Supreme Court
D) State governors
  • 3. What did the popular sovereignty position argue regarding slavery in the territories?
A) The President should decide
B) Voters living there should decide
C) Congress should decide
D) The federal government should ban it
  • 4. What did the 'Calhoun doctrine' state regarding slavery in the territories?
A) The Supreme Court could outlaw it
B) Only the citizens could outlaw it
C) Only Congress could outlaw it
D) Neither Congress nor local citizens could outlaw it
  • 5. What role did Calhoun argue the federal government played in the territories?
A) Trustee or agent of the sovereign states
B) Absolute ruler of the territories
C) A neutral observer with no role
D) The primary landowner
  • 6. According to Calhoun, what was the federal government obliged not to do regarding the states?
A) Tax them unequally
B) Accept their laws
C) Discriminate among them
D) Form alliances with them
  • 7. What did Calhoun believe citizens had the right to take into any territory?
A) Only their families
B) Only agricultural tools
C) Only gold and silver
D) Their property
  • 8. In which month and year did Calhoun deliver a Senate speech explaining his doctrine?
A) March 1850
B) February 1847
C) December 1848
D) January 1845
  • 9. What did Calhoun argue would be a violation of the Constitution?
A) Permitting slavery in new territories
B) Expanding the power of the Supreme Court
C) Enacting laws that deprive citizens of taking property into territories
D) Allowing territories to vote on statehood
  • 10. According to historian Hermann von Holst, what was the government's duty under the Calhoun Doctrine?
A) Act as if the existence of slavery in territories did not concern them
B) Legislate the morality of slavery
C) Actively promote the spread of slavery
D) Enforce abolition in the territories
  • 11. Which political party did the Free Soil forces merge into around 1854?
A) Whig Party
B) Democratic Party
C) Libertarian Party
D) Republican Party
  • 12. Who used Calhoun's arguments in the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford case?
A) Hermann von Holst
B) Roger B. Taney
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) Robert R. Russell
  • 13. What did Roger B. Taney rule in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?
A) The federal government could not prohibit slavery in any territory
B) The federal government had total authority over slavery
C) Local voters had the final say on slavery
D) Congress had the power to ban slavery in territories
  • 14. What prompted Calhoun to advocate for a standing army after the war?
A) The President ordered him to expand the military.
B) He wanted to occupy the Northeast states.
C) The militia had proven itself to be unreliable.
D) He wanted to invade neighboring countries.
  • 15. In 1816, what specific type of vessel did Calhoun propose for the navy?
A) Wooden schooners
B) Submarines
C) Ironclad warships
D) Steam frigates
  • 16. Why did Calhoun emphasize domestic manufacturing?
A) Congress demanded high tariffs on all goods.
B) The British blockade had cut off imports.
C) He wanted to reduce the power of the Northeast.
D) He believed in a primitive economy.
  • 17. How did an observer describe Calhoun's speaking style in the House?
A) Elegant and closely confined to the subject.
B) Loud and musical.
C) Charismatic and humorous.
D) Hesitant and unorganized.
  • 18. How did Calhoun improve his naturally poor voice?
A) He used mechanical amplification devices.
B) He hired a professional vocal coach.
C) Through systematic self-discipline and practice.
D) He avoided public speaking entirely.
  • 19. What did historian Russell Kirk mean by calling Calhoun the 'Cast-iron Man'?
A) He was easily offended by critics.
B) He was inflexible and stubborn in all policies.
C) He was reserved and his passion was contained.
D) He was physically strong and athletic.
  • 20. What did John Quincy Adams note about Calhoun in 1821?
A) He was above sectional and factious prejudices.
B) He was secretly plotting against the President.
C) He was a divisive figure in the Union.
D) He lacked basic understanding of philosophy.
  • 21. How many men declined the offer to be Secretary of War before Calhoun took the role?
A) Two
B) One
C) Six
D) Four
  • 22. In what year did Calhoun create the Bureau of Indian Affairs?
A) 1817
B) 1824
C) 1821
D) 1819
  • 23. Who was appointed as the first head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs?
A) William H. Crawford
B) Thomas McKenney
C) James Monroe
D) Jacob Brown
  • 24. How did Calhoun respond to General Jackson's invasion of Florida?
A) He advocated for censuring Jackson.
B) He resigned in protest.
C) He praised Jackson for his patriotism.
D) He immediately joined the invasion.
  • 25. Which treaty resulted in the annexation of Florida?
A) Treaty of Ghent
B) Adams–Onís Treaty
C) Treaty of Missouri
D) Treaty of 1812
  • 26. Who did Calhoun appoint to lead the army to create a better command structure?
A) Jacob Brown
B) Thomas McKenney
C) William H. Crawford
D) James Tallmadge Jr.
  • 27. In what year did John C. Calhoun marry Floride Bonneau Colhoun?
A) 1813
B) 1811
C) 1810
D) 1812
  • 28. Who was Floride Bonneau Colhoun's father?
A) Andrew Pickens
B) William Lowndes
C) John E. Colhoun
D) Thomas Green Clemson
  • 29. How many children did John C. Calhoun and his wife have?
A) Ten
B) Eight
C) Nine
D) Twelve
  • 30. What religious tradition was Calhoun raised in?
A) Unitarian
B) Catholic
C) Orthodox Presbyterian
D) Episcopal
  • 31. In 1821, Calhoun became a founding member of which church?
A) All Souls Unitarian Church
B) The Episcopal Church
C) The Presbyterian Church
D) The Charleston High Society Church
  • 32. How did historian Merrill D. Peterson describe Calhoun's writing attempts?
A) He was prone to extreme sarcasm
B) He refused to write anything but legal briefs
C) He wrote beautiful love sonnets
D) Every line began with 'whereas'
  • 33. Which congressional district did Calhoun win in 1810?
A) Kentucky's 6th congressional district
B) South Carolina's 1st congressional district
C) South Carolina's 6th congressional district
D) South Carolina's 4th congressional district
  • 34. Who did Calhoun defeat to win his seat in the House of Representatives?
A) Daniel Webster
B) John Randolph of Roanoke
C) John Archer Elmore
D) Henry Clay
  • 35. Calhoun was a leader of which group that pushed for war with Britain?
A) The Federalists
B) The Jeffersonians
C) War Hawks
D) The Anti-War Coalition
  • 36. On what date did the United States declare war on Britain?
A) December 24, 1812
B) June 18, 1812
C) June 18, 1814
D) January 1, 1812
  • 37. What nickname did a colleague give Calhoun for his work on the war effort?
A) The Iron Orator
B) The Architect of War
C) The War Hawk
D) The young Hercules
  • 38. In which year did Calhoun begin his political career in the House of Representatives?
A) 1810
B) 1812
C) 1824
D) 1804
  • 39. What illness caused John C. Calhoun's death in 1850?
A) Pneumonia
B) Influenza
C) Smallpox
D) Tuberculosis
  • 40. Who was the other vice president mentioned as having resigned from the position?
A) Andrew Jackson
B) Spiro Agnew
C) Daniel Webster
D) John Tyler
  • 41. Calhoun served as Secretary of War under which president?
A) John Tyler
B) James Monroe
C) Andrew Jackson
D) John Quincy Adams
  • 42. Which of these was a member of the 'Great Triumvirate' alongside Calhoun?
A) James K. Polk
B) Tapping Reeve
C) Timothy Dwight
D) Henry Clay
  • 43. What nickname was given to Calhoun later in life due to his rigid defense of Southern beliefs?
A) The cast-iron man
B) The Iron Senator
C) The Nullifier
D) The Great Compromiser
  • 44. Which college did Calhoun attend where he graduated as valedictorian in 1804?
A) Tapping Reeve Law School
B) Princeton University
C) Harvard University
D) Yale College
  • 45. What political concept did Calhoun advocate to protect minority rights against majority rule?
A) Universal suffrage
B) Concurrent majority
C) Federalist supremacy
D) Nationalist modernization
  • 46. What was the name of the estate where Calhoun owned dozens of slaves?
A) Abbeville Plantation
B) Mount Vernon
C) Fort Hill
D) Monticello
  • 47. Which state was Calhoun initially relying on for support during the 1824 election?
A) Pennsylvania
B) New York
C) South Carolina
D) Georgia
  • 48. How many electoral votes did Calhoun receive to become vice president in 1824?
A) 182
B) 112
C) 150
D) 261
  • 49. Besides Calhoun, who was the only other man to serve as vice president under two different presidents?
A) John Adams
B) George Clinton
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) James Madison
  • 50. Which Cabinet member supported the Eatons and eventually became a primary rival to Calhoun?
A) Martin Van Buren
B) Samuel D. Ingham
C) Thomas Hart Benton
D) John Eaton
  • 51. Which political issue, besides the Petticoat affair, caused a rift between Jackson and Calhoun?
A) The war with Great Britain
B) The purchase of Florida
C) The expansion of the Supreme Court
D) The Nullification Crisis
  • 52. Who was the editor of the newspaper where Calhoun published his controversial correspondence?
A) John Forsyth
B) Samuel D. Ingham
C) Duff Green
D) William B. Lewis
  • 53. Under what pseudonym or context was 'South Carolina Exposition and Protest' composed?
A) Under the direction of John Quincy Adams.
B) Anonymously.
C) Under the name of Andrew Jackson.
D) Publicly signed by the South Carolina legislature.
  • 54. Who wrote the bill that became the Tariff of 1832?
A) Louis McLane.
B) John Quincy Adams.
C) Gulian C. Verplanck.
D) Henry Clay.
  • 55. Which bill empowered the President to use military force to ensure compliance with federal law?
A) The Force Bill.
B) The Seminole Act.
C) The Tariff of 1828.
D) The Union Preservation Act.
  • 56. To whom did John C. Calhoun send his resignation letter as vice president?
A) Martin Van Buren
B) Andrew Jackson
C) Robert Y. Hayne
D) Edward Livingston
  • 57. How many tie-breaking votes did Calhoun cast as vice president?
A) 12
B) 31
C) 45
D) 10
  • 58. Which politician was considered to be an 'apostle of northern nationalism' during the debates?
A) Robert Y. Hayne
B) Martin Van Buren
C) Henry Clay
D) Daniel Webster
  • 59. What did Calhoun accuse Jackson of during the Bank War?
A) Ignorance about financial matters
B) Over-reliance on Biddle
C) Trying to form a new political party
D) Too much support for the Bank
  • 60. Who eventually surpassed Calhoun's record for tie-breaking votes as vice president?
A) Henry Clay
B) Martin Van Buren
C) Kamala Harris
D) John Niven
  • 61. Whose death created the vacancy that led to Calhoun's appointment as Secretary of State?
A) William Henry Harrison
B) Richard Pakenham
C) Benjamin Tappan
D) Abel P. Upshur
  • 62. Who leaked the details of the treaty negotiations and supporting documents to the press?
A) Sam Houston
B) Benjamin Tappan
C) Richard Pakenham
D) John Tyler
  • 63. Which foreign power did Tyler fear would gain influence in Texas?
A) Russia
B) France
C) Spain
D) Great Britain
  • 64. What was the final vote count for the rejection of the treaty in the Senate?
A) 20–30
B) 25–25
C) 10–40
D) 16–35
  • 65. What was the political status of John Tyler when he became president?
A) Former Democrat
B) Independent
C) Whig
D) Republican
  • 66. Where was the 1844 Democratic Convention held?
A) Charleston, South Carolina
B) Nashville, Tennessee
C) Baltimore, Maryland
D) Washington, D.C.
  • 67. What did Calhoun's supporters threaten to do at the 1844 convention?
A) Boycott the state of Maryland
B) Bolt the proceedings
C) Start a new political party
D) Support Henry Clay
  • 68. Which document of Calhoun's was identified with proslavery extremism?
A) Pakenham letter
B) The Nullification Proclamation
C) The Washington Globe
D) The South Carolina Exposition
  • 69. What was James K. Polk's political background?
A) A Virginia Senator
B) A South Carolina diplomat
C) A New York governor
D) A Tennessee politician
  • 70. Which organ did Calhoun want to dissolve as a condition for endorsing Polk?
A) The Texas Annexation Committee
B) The Washington Globe
C) The Pakenham Correspondence
D) The Democratic National Committee
  • 71. Who headed the Washington Globe?
A) James K. Polk
B) Francis Preston Blair
C) John Tyler
D) Martin Van Buren
  • 72. When did the Texas Republic approve the annexation treaty?
A) May 1844
B) March 1845
C) October 1845
D) December 1845
  • 73. When was Texas admitted as the 28th state of the Union?
A) December 29, 1845
B) March 1, 1845
C) January 1, 1846
D) October 1, 1845
  • 74. What was Calhoun's stance on the Mexican–American War?
A) Indifferent
B) Supported
C) Opposed
D) Neutral
  • 75. What was the '54–40 or fight' slogan associated with?
A) The Compromise of 1850
B) The Oregon boundary dispute
C) The Nashville Convention
D) The Mexican–American War
  • 76. How was the Oregon boundary dispute resolved?
A) United States acquisition of all territory
B) A naval blockade
C) Splitting the area at the 49th parallel
D) British acquisition of all territory
  • 77. Which event did Calhoun help organize to discuss Southern secession?
A) Washington summit
B) Nashville Convention
C) Senate floor debate
D) Constitutional Convention
  • 78. What term did Calhoun use to describe slavery?
A) Peculiar institution
B) Necessary evil
C) Southern heritage
D) Economic foundation
  • 79. What were the Southern radicals who pushed states' rights to the extreme called?
A) Secessionists
B) Expansionists
C) Unionists
D) Fire-Eaters
  • 80. Where was John C. Calhoun originally interred?
A) St. Paul's Episcopal Church
B) Congressional Cemetery
C) Fort Hill plantation
D) St. Philip's Churchyard
  • 81. Historian Lee H. Cheek Jr. contrasts Calhoun's republicanism with what tradition?
A) Quaker
B) Puritan
C) Anglican
D) Methodist
  • 82. Who taught Calhoun that social standing depended on slave ownership?
A) Thomas Green Clemson
B) James Madison
C) Patrick Calhoun
D) Thomas Jefferson
  • 83. What term did Calhoun famously use to describe slavery in his 1837 Senate speech?
A) Necessary evil
B) Temporary arrangement
C) Economic burden
D) Positive good
  • 84. What punishment did Calhoun order for his runaway slave, Alick?
A) Exile
B) 100 lashes
C) 30 lashes
D) 10 lashes
  • 85. How long did Calhoun want Alick kept in jail?
A) One day
B) One week
C) One year
D) One month
  • 86. How many years did Calhoun predict it would take for the Union to be destroyed?
A) Five years
B) Twenty years
C) Twelve years
D) Fifty years
  • 87. What policy did Calhoun oppose that sought to limit slavery in western territories?
A) Kansas-Nebraska Act
B) Compromise of 1850
C) Missouri Compromise
D) Wilmot Proviso
  • 88. Calhoun felt that slavery prevented society from measuring self-worth solely by what?
A) Money
B) Education
C) Political power
D) Land ownership
  • 89. How many Southern congressmen signed the 'Address of the Southern Delegates'?
A) More than 80%.
B) Less than 10%.
C) Fewer than 40%.
D) Exactly 50%.
  • 90. Who described Calhoun as 'the Marx of the master class'?
A) John Niven
B) Richard Hofstadter
C) Irving Bartlett
D) Charles E. Merriam
  • 91. Who was Calhoun College at Yale renamed after in 2017?
A) John F. Kennedy
B) Peter Salovey
C) Grace Hopper
D) Charles M. Wiltse
  • 92. Where is Calhoun commemorated at Yale besides the former Calhoun College?
A) The main stadium
B) The library entrance
C) Harkness Tower
D) The president's office
  • 93. Which university renamed its Honors College to remove John C. Calhoun's name in 2020?
A) Harvard University
B) University of South Carolina
C) Yale University
D) Clemson University
  • 94. In what year was a Confederate postage stamp featuring Calhoun printed but never released?
A) 1870
B) 1850
C) 1865
D) 1862
  • 95. Who portrayed John C. Calhoun in the 1997 film Amistad?
A) Daniel Day-Lewis
B) Tommy Lee Jones
C) Arliss Howard
D) Morgan Freeman
  • 96. What was the name of the Minneapolis community band that changed its name to distance itself from Calhoun?
A) The Dakota Lakes Band
B) The Calhoun Symphonic Band
C) Minneapolis Heritage Band
D) Calhoun-Isles Community Band
  • 97. How high was the statue of Calhoun erected in Charleston in 1896?
A) 115 feet
B) 200 feet
C) 25 feet
D) 50 feet
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