- 1. What is the main ingredient in pho broth?
A) Beef bones
B) Vegetable broth
C) Chicken bones
D) Pork bones
- 2. What type of noodles are used in pho?
A) Egg noodles
B) Rice noodles
C) Wheat noodles
D) Buckwheat noodles
- 3. How is pho traditionally eaten?
A) With a fork
B) From a straw
C) With hands only
D) With chopsticks and a spoon
- 4. What time of day is pho typically consumed in Vietnam?
A) Midnight snack
B) Breakfast
C) Dinner
D) Afternoon snack
- 5. What is the traditional pho garnish that provides crunch?
A) Green onions
B) Jalapeños
C) Bean sprouts
D) Cilantro
- 6. What kind of broth is typically used in vegetarian pho?
A) Chicken broth
B) Vegetable broth
C) Bone broth
D) Beef broth
- 7. Which region of Vietnam is pho most commonly associated with?
A) Northern Vietnam
B) Central Vietnam
C) Southern Vietnam
D) Western Vietnam
- 8. How is pho pronounced?
A) Fuh
B) Fo
C) Poe
D) Fee
- 9. In which century did phở first appear in written records?
A) 18th century
B) 19th century
C) 21st century
D) 20th century
- 10. Which city is credited with the creation of traditional Vietnamese phở?
A) Nam Định
B) Hanoi
C) Hue
D) Saigon
- 11. Which of the following is NOT a common meat used in phở?
A) Pork
B) Beef
C) Chicken
D) Water buffalo
- 12. What is the date designated as the 'Day of Pho' in Vietnam?
A) January 1
B) November 11
C) October 10
D) December 12
- 13. Which of these regions is NOT believed to have influenced the development of phở?
A) Vietnamese
B) Chinese
C) Indian
D) French
- 14. Which city has a style of phở known for its sweet broth?
A) Da Nang
B) Hanoi
C) Saigon
D) Huế
- 15. What was the traditional use of water buffaloes in Vietnam before the French colonial period?
A) Farming
B) Meat production
C) Leather production
D) Transportation
- 16. Which of the following dishes is similar to phở and found in China?
A) bánh mì
B) pad thai
C) sushi
D) ngau naam ho fun
- 17. What was the name of the first Vietnamese-owned phở stand in Hanoi?
A) Quạt Row
B) Bờ Hồ
C) Cát Tường
D) Đồng Row
- 18. What type of pole did phở vendors traditionally use to carry their mobile kitchens?
A) Phở stick
B) Gánh phở
C) Bánh mì pole
D) Noodle pole
- 19. Which French dish influenced the preparation of phở broth?
A) Coq au vin
B) Bouillabaisse
C) Pot-au-feu
D) Ratatouille
- 20. What type of hat did phở vendors traditionally wear?
A) Top hat
B) Baseball cap
C) Mũ phở
D) Conical hat
- 21. Which of the following is a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Mint
B) Basil
C) Rosemary
D) Thyme
- 22. What was the primary reason for the increased availability of beef in Vietnam during the French colonial period?
A) French demand
B) American intervention
C) Vietnamese preference
D) Chinese influence
- 23. What is the name of the village in Nam Định Province known as the traditional home of phở?
A) Huế
B) Hanoi
C) Saigon
D) Vân Cù
- 24. Which of the following is a traditional way to serve phở?
A) In a bowl
B) In a cup
C) In a sandwich
D) On a plate
- 25. Which of the following is a traditional way to garnish phở?
A) Sliced green chilies
B) Sliced yellow chilies
C) Sliced black chilies
D) Sliced red chilies
- 26. How much annual revenue did pho restaurants in the United States generate during the 2000s?
A) US$250 million
B) US$100 million
C) US$500 million
D) US$1 billion
- 27. Which of the following is a traditional sauce served with phở?
A) Mayonnaise
B) Mustard
C) Fish sauce
D) Ketchup
- 28. What type of meat might be used in provincial variations of pho?
A) Chicken and beef
B) Pork and lamb
C) Fish and shrimp
D) Duck, buffalo, goat, or veal
- 29. What is the primary reason for the decline of peddler phở gánh around 1936–1946?
A) Due to competition from fast food
B) Due to lack of demand
C) In favor of stationary eateries
D) Due to government regulation
- 30. Who sold the dish ngưu nhục phấn in Hanoi?
A) French chefs.
B) Vietnamese royalty.
C) Indian traders.
D) Chinese immigrants.
- 31. Which U.S. President visited Phở 2000 in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000?
A) Donald Trump
B) George W. Bush
C) Bill Clinton
D) Barack Obama
- 32. Which phở chain is a subsidiary of Highlands Coffee?
A) Phở Bình
B) Pho 24
C) Phở Hòa
D) Pho 75
- 33. Which of the following is not a common spice used in pho broth?
A) Thyme
B) Star anise
C) Cinnamon
D) Cloves
- 34. When was chicken pho first introduced?
A) 1928
B) 1945
C) 1954
D) 1939
- 35. Which of the following is NOT a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Perilla
B) Thai basil
C) Mint
D) Cilantro
- 36. Which spice is sometimes omitted in chicken phở due to its role in reducing beef smell?
A) Star anise
B) Cloves
C) Charred ginger
D) Cinnamon
- 37. What does the Vietnamese poet Tản Đà call phở in his work 'Đánh bạc'?
A) 'Nhục-phở'.
B) 'Bún chả'.
C) 'Gỏi cuốn'.
D) 'Bánh mì'.
- 38. What is the purpose of roasting ginger and onion before adding them to the stock?
A) To reduce their size
B) To bring out their full flavor
C) To change their color
D) To make them softer
- 39. Which of the following is not a seasoning used in pho broth?
A) Oregano
B) Star anise
C) Coriander seed
D) Cinnamon
- 40. When did the Vietnamese Embassy in Mexico celebrate Phở Day?
A) April 1, 2016
B) April 3, 2016
C) April 4, 2016
D) April 2, 2016
- 41. When did the first pho restaurant open in Little Saigon, Orange County, California?
A) 1980
B) 2000
C) 1990
D) 1975
- 42. In which year was the word 'pho' added to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary?
A) 2011
B) 2016
C) 2007
D) 1997
- 43. Which herb is not typically used in Northern pho?
A) Scallions
B) Pickled garlic
C) Cilantro
D) Thai basil
- 44. When was December 12 designated as the 'Day of Phở' by the Vietnamese government?
A) 2024
B) 2020
C) 2015
D) 2018
- 45. Which of the following is a type of chicken part used in chicken pho?
A) Beef brisket
B) Beef tripe
C) Beef ball
D) Chicken thigh
- 46. How does Jean Marquet refer to phở in his 1919 novel?
A) 'Yoc feu!'
B) 'Phở Hanoi!'
C) 'Noodles and beef!'
D) 'Beef soup!'
- 47. What rank did pho achieve on 'World's 50 Most Delicious Foods' compiled by CNN Go in 2011?
A) 28
B) 5
C) 10
D) 50
- 48. What is the name of the phở-like Filipino dish popular in Palawan island?
A) Chao long
B) Phở Lào
C) Bún bò Huế
D) Phở sốt vang
- 49. Which street in Saigon was famous for its beef phở?
A) Phở Bắc Hải
B) Phở Công Lý
C) Pasteur Street
D) Hien Vuong Street
- 50. Which of the following is a traditional way to enhance the flavor of phở?
A) Adding sugar
B) Adding lime juice
C) Adding salt
D) Adding vinegar
- 51. In which decade did pho begin to enter the mainstream in the United States?
A) 1980s
B) 2000s
C) 2010s
D) 1990s
- 52. What is the name of the style of phở that originated from Nam Định and became popular in Hanoi?
A) Saigon style
B) Southern style
C) Nam Định style
D) Hanoi style
- 53. Which part of the chicken is referred to as 'lòng gà' in pho?
A) Immature chicken eggs
B) Chicken breast
C) Chicken innards
D) Chicken thigh
- 54. In which year did the word phở first appear in a short story?
A) 1910
B) 1931
C) 1920
D) 1907
- 55. What is a phở-inspired cocktail likely to incorporate?
A) Lime juice
B) The soup’s signature spices
C) Rice noodles
D) Fish sauce
- 56. What does food historian Erica J. Peters argue about the French embrace of phở?
A) It overlooks its origins as a local improvisation
B) It accurately reflects its historical roots
C) It was a result of French culinary innovation
D) It was a direct adaptation of French cuisine
- 57. Which of the following is a common way to prepare the meat before adding it to beef pho?
A) Frozen
B) Boiled
C) Sauteed
D) Raw
- 58. What does the term ngưu nhục phấn translate to in English?
A) 'Chicken broth'.
B) 'Rice noodles'.
C) 'Fish soup'.
D) 'Beef noodles'.
- 59. Which phở restaurant has locations in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
A) Pho 24
B) Phở Hòa
C) Phở 10 Lý Quốc Sư
D) Pho 75
- 60. What is a special garnish prepared in Central pho?
A) Bean sprouts
B) Hoisin sauce
C) Pickled papaya
D) Scallions
- 61. Which citrus fruit is used in the Filipino chao long dish?
A) Lime
B) Calamansi
C) Lemon
D) Orange
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