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Palaiologos - Quiz
Contributed by: Barrett
  • 1. By what century had the Byzantine emperors lost any real power?
A) 15th century
B) 16th century
C) 13th century
D) 14th century
  • 2. Who became the real regulators of political matters within the Byzantine Empire?
A) Despots of the Morea
B) The Papacy
C) Western European crusaders
D) Ottoman sultans
  • 3. Which Byzantine emperor ceased to pay tribute to the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I in 1394?
A) Mehmed I
B) Constantine XI
C) Manuel II
D) John VIII
  • 4. What event in 1396 failed to stop Bayezid's siege of Constantinople?
A) Council of Florence
B) Fall of Thessaloniki
C) Crusade of Nicopolis
D) Siege of the Morea
  • 5. Which Western European regions did Manuel II visit to ask for aid against the Ottomans?
A) Scandinavia, Scotland and Ireland
B) Italy, France and England
C) Spain, Germany and Poland
D) Hungary, Austria and Venice
  • 6. With whom did Manuel II sign a peace treaty in 1403 to resolve Bayezid's siege?
A) Murad II
B) Mehmed II
C) Mehmed I
D) Bayezid I
  • 7. Which city, captured by the Ottomans in 1387, was returned to Byzantine rule by the 1403 treaty?
A) Morea
B) Constantinople
C) Corfu
D) Thessaloniki
  • 8. In what year did Mehmed I die, leading to the end of peace with the Palaiologans?
A) 1453
B) 1394
C) 1403
D) 1421
  • 9. Why did Manuel II retire from state affairs in 1421?
A) To pursue scholarly and religious interests
B) Due to a severe physical injury
C) To fight in the Crusades
D) To live in exile in Rome
  • 10. Which Ottoman pretender did John VIII support in a rebellion against Murad II?
A) Orhan Çelebi
B) Mustafa Çelebi
C) Bayezid I
D) Turahan Bey
  • 11. Who succeeded Mehmed I and besieged Constantinople in 1422?
A) Murad II
B) Bayezid I
C) Mehmed II
D) Suleiman the Magnificent
  • 12. Who governed a stretch of land in Thrace as Despot during John VIII's reign?
A) Demetrios
B) Manuel
C) Constantine
D) Thomas
  • 13. Who ruled as Despots of the Morea through most of John VIII's reign?
A) John and Demetrios
B) Andreas and Manuel
C) Constantine and Thomas
D) Demetrios and Manuel
  • 14. Who decided that Constantine should be the next emperor after John VIII's death in 1448?
A) Helena Dragaš
B) Catherine Zaccaria
C) Cardinal Bessarion
D) Pope Pius II
  • 15. Who became the Ottoman sultan in 1451 and was obsessed with conquering Constantinople?
A) Murad II
B) Mehmed I
C) Mehmed II
D) Bayezid I
  • 16. Whom did Constantine XI threaten to release in an effort to extort money from Mehmed II?
A) Orhan Çelebi
B) Mustafa Çelebi
C) Turahan Bey
D) Lazar Branković
  • 17. Which Ottoman general was sent to devastate the Morea to prevent aid from reaching Constantinople in 1451?
A) Murad II
B) Bayezid I
C) Turahan Bey
D) Mehmed II
  • 18. On what date did Constantinople finally fall to the Ottomans?
A) 29 May 1453
B) 12 May 1465
C) January 1459
D) June 1448
  • 19. How long did the final Ottoman siege of Constantinople last before it fell?
A) 10 years
B) 3 years
C) 53 days
D) More than a decade
  • 20. How did Constantine XI die?
A) Of old age in the Morea
B) Fighting in defense of Constantinople
C) Executed by Mehmed II
D) In exile in Rome
  • 21. How did Mehmed II initially treat Constantine XI's brothers in the Morea after the fall of Constantinople?
A) Imprisoned them in Constantinople
B) Allowed them to keep their titles and lands as Ottoman vassals
C) Banished them to England
D) Executed them immediately
  • 22. Which brother in the Morea retained hope that the Papacy might call for a crusade to restore the empire?
A) Thomas
B) Manuel
C) Demetrios
D) Andreas
  • 23. With whose aid did Thomas seize a series of fortresses held by Demetrios in January 1459?
A) The Papal Guard
B) Albanian lords in the Morea
C) Russian princes
D) Venetian authorities on Corfu
  • 24. In what year did Mehmed II invade the Morea, ending Palaiologan rule in Greece?
A) 1460
B) 1472
C) 1453
D) 1465
  • 25. How did Demetrios respond to Mehmed's invasion of the Morea in 1460?
A) Fled into exile in Rome
B) Joined the Papal Guard
C) Fought a 53-day siege
D) Surrendered to the Ottomans without a fight
  • 26. In what year did Demetrios die in the Ottoman Empire?
A) 1469
B) 1465
C) 1470
D) 1502
  • 27. Why did Demetrios's daughter Helena supposedly never marry the sultan or enter his harem?
A) She converted to Islam
B) The sultan feared she would poison him
C) She married Lazar Branković instead
D) She fled to Moscow
  • 28. In what year did Demetrios's daughter Helena die?
A) 1470
B) 1469
C) 1502
D) 1465
  • 29. Who was Thomas Palaiologos's wife?
A) Zoe Palaiologina
B) Maria Palaiologina
C) Catherine Zaccaria
D) Helena Dragaš
  • 30. To which Venetian-held island did Thomas escape with his family and refugees?
A) Thessaloniki
B) Morea
C) Rhodes
D) Corfu
  • 31. Which Pope did Thomas hope to convince to call for a crusade against the Ottomans from Rome?
A) Pope Leo X
B) Cardinal Bessarion
C) Pope Julius II
D) Pope Pius II
  • 32. When did Thomas die?
A) 1502
B) 29 May 1453
C) 1476
D) 12 May 1465
  • 33. Who took care of Thomas's children after they arrived in Rome?
A) Cardinal Bessarion
B) Pope Pius II
C) Mehmed II
D) Ivan III
  • 34. To whom was Zoe (later Sophia) married in 1472?
A) Grand Prince Ivan III of Moscow
B) Lazar Branković
C) Bayezid II
D) Suleiman the Magnificent
  • 35. Who was recognized by the Papacy as Thomas's heir and rightful Despot of the Morea as the oldest son?
A) John
B) Demetrios
C) Andreas
D) Manuel
  • 36. What title did Andreas claim from the 1480s onwards?
A) Imperator Constantinopolitanus
B) Despot of the Morea
C) Sultan of the Ottomans
D) Grand Prince of Moscow
  • 37. Which Byzantine historian recognized Andreas as the rightful heir of the old emperors?
A) Orhan Çelebi
B) Manuel II
C) George Sphrantzes
D) Turahan Bey
  • 38. Why did Andreas face severe financial problems in Rome?
A) Mehmed II confiscated his lands in Constantinople
B) He lost his fortune in the civil war in the Morea
C) He spent all his money on crusades
D) His father's pension was split and constantly cut back by the Papacy
  • 39. What did Andreas attempt to sell to earn money?
A) His sister Zoe's inheritance
B) His collection of ancient manuscripts
C) His claims to various Byzantine titles
D) His fortresses in the Morea
  • 40. Why did Manuel not sell any claims to Byzantine titles like his brother Andreas?
A) He was already a wealthy Ottoman vassal
B) He was the second son and did not have any claims to sell
C) He converted to Islam earlier in life
D) He died before Andreas
  • 41. Where did Manuel travel in 1476 after not receiving satisfactory offers from European nobles?
A) Moscow
B) Constantinople
C) Serbia
D) Corfu
  • 42. Before whom did Manuel present himself when he arrived in Constantinople in 1476?
A) Pope Pius II
B) Sultan Mehmed II
C) Constantine XI
D) Ivan III
  • 43. In what year did Andreas die poor in Rome?
A) 1470
B) 1465
C) 1502
D) 1512
  • 44. Who was employed in the Papal Guard and died in 1508, possibly being a son of Andreas?
A) Andreas Palaiologos
B) Fernando Palaiologos
C) John Palaiologos
D) Constantine Palaiologos
  • 45. Who referred to a Fernando Palaiologos as the 'son of the Despot of the Morea' in 1499?
A) George Sphrantzes
B) Cardinal Bessarion
C) Grand Prince Ivan III
D) Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan
  • 46. During whose reign did Manuel die in Constantinople?
A) Murad II
B) Mehmed II
C) Suleiman the Magnificent
D) Bayezid II
  • 47. What were the names of Manuel's two sons?
A) Zoe and Helena
B) Thomas and Demetrios
C) Constantine and Fernando
D) John and Andreas
  • 48. What happened to Manuel's son Andreas?
A) Converted to Islam and might have served as an Ottoman court official
B) Became the Emperor of Constantinople in Rome
C) Became a commander in the Papal Guard
D) Fled to Moscow to join Grand Prince Ivan III
  • 49. During whose reign is Manuel's son Andreas last attested?
A) Mehmed I
B) Bayezid II
C) Mehmed II
D) Suleiman the Magnificent
  • 50. When did the documented male line of the imperial branch of the House of Palaiologos probably go extinct?
A) Early 16th century
B) Late 17th century
C) Late 14th century
D) Mid 15th century
  • 51. Which of Thomas's children had already been married to Lazar Branković, the Despot of Serbia?
A) Manuel
B) Andreas
C) Helena
D) Zoe
  • 52. Who was the father of Andreas, Manuel, Zoe, and Helena?
A) John VIII
B) Manuel II
C) Constantine XI
D) Thomas Palaiologos
  • 53. Who was the brother of John VIII who got on well with him during Manuel II's reign?
A) Thomas
B) Bayezid
C) Constantine
D) Demetrios
  • 54. Which Byzantine emperor's reign proved to be brief and ended with his death in battle?
A) John VIII Palaiologos
B) Mehmed I
C) Manuel II Palaiologos
D) Constantine XI Palaiologos
  • 55. Who was the Ottoman sultan when Manuel II ceased to pay tribute in 1394?
A) Bayezid I
B) Murad II
C) Mehmed I
D) Mehmed II
  • 56. What did the Morea become under the rule of Constantine's brothers after the fall of Constantinople?
A) A province ruled by the Papacy
B) A Byzantine government-in-exile
C) A Venetian trade colony
D) An independent Crusader kingdom
  • 57. In what year was Michael Palaiologos born?
A) 1261
B) 1223
C) 1284
D) 1253
  • 58. What position did Michael's father hold in the Empire of Nicaea?
A) megas domestikos
B) despotes
C) megas doux
D) megas konostaulos
  • 59. In which region were Melnik and Serres located?
A) Thrace
B) Morea
C) Anatolia
D) Macedonia
  • 60. Which dynasty frequently mistrusted Michael in his youth?
A) Palaiologos dynasty
B) Komnenos dynasty
C) Kantakouzenos dynasty
D) Laskaris dynasty
  • 61. How did Michael prove his innocence during the 1253 trial?
A) Offering gold to the emperor
B) Holding a red-hot iron
C) Swearing an oath in Hagia Sophia
D) Fighting a duel
  • 62. Who was Michael's wife, related to John III?
A) Helena
B) Irene
C) Anna of Savoy
D) Theodora Vatatzaina
  • 63. What military title was Michael appointed to regarding Latin mercenaries?
A) megas konostaulos
B) megas domestikos
C) despotes
D) megas doux
  • 64. On what date was Michael proclaimed as co-emperor at Nymphaion?
A) 25 July 1256
B) 1 January 1259
C) 25 December 1261
D) 25 July 1261
  • 65. Who recaptured Constantinople from the Latin Empire on 25 July 1261?
A) John Kantakouzenos
B) Michael Palaiologos
C) Andronikos III
D) Alexios Strategopoulos
  • 66. For how many years had Constantinople been in foreign hands before its 1261 recapture?
A) Almost sixty years
B) Almost a hundred years
C) Almost twenty years
D) Almost ten years
  • 67. In which church was Michael crowned emperor after the recapture of Constantinople?
A) Panagia Pammakaristos
B) Church of the Holy Apostles
C) Church of the Chora
D) Hagia Sophia
  • 68. On whose eleventh birthday was John IV deposed, blinded, and confined to a monastery?
A) 25 July 1261
B) 15 August 1284
C) 25 December 1261
D) 1 January 1259
  • 69. Which Patriarch excommunicated Michael for blinding John IV?
A) John XIV
B) Arsenios Autoreianos
C) George Mouzalon
D) Joseph I
  • 70. How many years into Michael's reign was his excommunication lifted?
A) Four years
B) Nineteen years
C) Twelve years
D) Nine years
  • 71. How old was John IV when Andronikos II visited him in 1284?
A) 25 years old
B) 11 years old
C) 33 years old
D) 40 years old
  • 72. In what year did Emperor Andronikos II attempt to disinherit his grandson Andronikos III?
A) 1320
B) 1328
C) 1352
D) 1341
  • 73. Until what year did the civil war between Andronikos II and Andronikos III last?
A) 1328
B) 1347
C) 1341
D) 1320
  • 74. Until what year did the civil war won by John Kantakouzenos last?
A) 1347
B) 1328
C) 1352
D) 1357
  • 75. What empire was created by Stefan Dušan following his invasions in 1346–1348?
A) Bulgarian Empire
B) Latin Empire
C) Serbian Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
  • 76. Who was proclaimed as co-emperor by John VI Kantakouzenos?
A) Theodore Palaiologos
B) Matthew Kantakouzenos
C) John VII Palaiologos
D) Andronikos IV Palaiologos
  • 77. In what year were the Kantakouzenoi driven out of the Morea?
A) 1382
B) 1355
C) 1357
D) 1391
  • 78. In what year did Stefan Dušan of Serbia die, leading to the collapse of his empire?
A) 1347
B) 1355
C) 1371
D) 1382
  • 79. In what year did John V's son Andronikos IV rebel against his father, starting the fourth civil war series?
A) 1352
B) 1376
C) 1390
D) 1373
  • 80. With whose aid did Andronikos IV escape prison and take the throne in 1376?
A) Serbia
B) Bulgaria
C) Genoa
D) Venice
  • 81. In what year did John V retake the throne after Andronikos IV's brief rule?
A) 1379
B) 1385
C) 1376
D) 1381
  • 82. In what year did John V reach an agreement for Andronikos IV to succeed him, passing over Manuel?
A) 1385
B) 1379
C) 1381
D) 1373
  • 83. In what year did Andronikos IV die?
A) 1381
B) 1385
C) 1390
D) 1379
  • 84. In what year did John V Palaiologos die?
A) 1390
B) 1385
C) 1391
D) 1341
  • 85. What is the female version of the family name Palaiologos?
A) Palaiologissa
B) Palaiologinaia
C) Palaiologina
D) Palaeologus
  • 86. Where is it more likely that the Palaiologoi actually originated?
A) Anatolia
B) Montferrat
C) The Latin Empire
D) Ancient Roman Italy
  • 87. What part of society were the Palaiologoi mostly a part of during the 12th century?
A) Foreign merchants
B) Military aristocracy
C) Religious clergy
D) Peasantry
  • 88. When did Constantinople fall to the Fourth Crusade?
A) 1259
B) 1261
C) 1204
D) 1453
  • 89. External enemies contributing to the decline of the Byzantine Empire during the Palaiologan period included the Ottoman Turks, Serbs, and whom?
A) Crusaders
B) Romans
C) Bulgarians
D) Laskaris
  • 90. What internal factor contributed to the political and economic decline of the Palaiologan period?
A) Frequent civil wars between family members
B) Mass emigration to Italy
C) Rebellion by the military aristocracy
D) Refusal of the church to pay taxes
  • 91. By the beginning of the 15th century, the Byzantine Empire had effectively become what to the Ottoman Empire?
A) A dominant power
B) An independent republic
C) An equal ally
D) A client state
  • 92. What type of descendants of the imperial line survive to the present day?
A) No descendants survive at all
B) Direct imperial male-line descendants
C) Female-line descendants
D) Descendants from the cadet branch in Montferrat
  • 93. What was the name of the cadet branch of the Palaiologoi in Italy?
A) Palaiologos-Constantinople
B) Palaeologus-Montferrat
C) Palaiologos-Anatolia
D) Palaeologus-Nicaea
  • 94. Until what year did the cadet branch in Italy rule the March of Montferrat?
A) 1453
B) 1566
C) 1536
D) 1600
  • 95. In what year did the cadet branch of Montferrat completely die out?
A) 1566
B) 1453
C) 1536
D) 1261
  • 96. Where today do thousands of people still have the last name Palaiologos or variants thereof?
A) Anatolia
B) Italy
C) Montferrat
D) Greece
  • 97. Which Latin phrase was Viterbo supposedly derived from according to family legends?
A) Vetus verbum
B) Patricius romanus
C) Magnus domestikos
D) Imperium romanum
  • 98. In what year was Constantinople founded and designated as the Roman Empire's new capital, according to the text?
A) 1185
B) 1081
C) 1204
D) 330
  • 99. Which specific theme is suggested as the likely region of origin for the Palaiologoi?
A) Anatolic Theme
B) Theme of Dyrrhachium
C) Theme of Mesopotamia
D) Theme of Constantinople
  • 100. What did Soviet-American Byzantinist Alexander Kazhdan believe was the etymology of the name Palaiologos?
A) Ragman
B) Old word
C) Antique collector
D) Commander-in-chief
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