- 1. In what year did the Greek peninsula come under Roman rule following the Battle of Corinth?
A) 27 BC
B) 133 BC
C) 146 BC
D) 88 BC
- 2. Which Roman province was Macedonia turned into after the conquest of Greece?
A) The province of Achaea
B) The province of Anatolia
C) A Roman province
D) An independent kingdom
- 3. When were the Aegean Islands added to the Roman territory of Greece?
A) 88 BC
B) 27 BC
C) 133 BC
D) 146 BC
- 4. Which Roman general crushed the revolt of Athens and other Greek cities in 88 BC?
A) Augustus
B) Sulla
C) Galen
D) Alexander
- 5. Who organized the Greek peninsula as the province of Achaea in 27 BC?
A) Augustus
B) Galen
C) Sulla
D) Alexander I
- 6. What language served as a lingua franca in the East and in Italy during Roman times?
A) Latin
B) Macedonian
C) Greek
D) Thracian
- 7. Which Greek intellectual performed most of his work in Rome?
A) Alexander I
B) Sulla
C) Augustus
D) Galen
- 8. What geographical feature caused ancient Greece to consist of many smaller regions with their own dialects?
A) Deserts
B) Rivers
C) Mountains
D) Dense forests
- 9. Where were Greek cities typically located due to the terrain?
A) On the highest mountain peaks
B) In valleys between mountains or on coastal plains
C) Deep inside river canyons
D) On isolated desert plateaus
- 10. Which region lay in the southeast of the Peloponnese?
A) Elis
B) Messenia
C) Achaia
D) Laconia
- 11. Which region lay in the southwest of the Peloponnese?
A) Argolis
B) Korinthia
C) Laconia
D) Messenia
- 12. Which region lay in the west of the Peloponnese?
A) Laconia
B) Arcadia
C) Achaia
D) Elis
- 13. Which region lay in the north of the Peloponnese?
A) Messenia
B) Argolis
C) Achaia
D) Elis
- 14. Which region lay in the northeast of the Peloponnese?
A) Elis
B) Korinthia
C) Arcadia
D) Laconia
- 15. Which region lay in the east of the Peloponnese?
A) Messenia
B) Korinthia
C) Argolis
D) Achaia
- 16. Which region lay in the center of the Peloponnese?
A) Laconia
B) Elis
C) Messenia
D) Arcadia
- 17. Which regions lay in the west of Central Greece?
A) Boeotia, Attica, and Megaris
B) Aetolia and Acarnania
C) Locris, Doris, and Phocis
D) Thessaly and Epirus
- 18. Which regions lay in the center of Central Greece?
A) Aetolia and Acarnania
B) Locris, Doris, and Phocis
C) Chaonia, Molossia, and Thesprotia
D) Boeotia, Attica, and Megaris
- 19. Which regions lay in the east of Central Greece?
A) Boeotia, Attica, and Megaris
B) Aetolia and Acarnania
C) Locris, Doris, and Phocis
D) Laconia, Messenia, and Elis
- 20. Which region lay to the northeast of Central Greece?
A) Macedonia
B) Thessaly
C) Epirus
D) Achaia
- 21. Which region lay to the northwest of Central Greece?
A) Thrace
B) Thessaly
C) Attica
D) Epirus
- 22. What geographical feature marked the southern boundary of Epirus?
A) The Axius river
B) The Ambracian Gulf
C) The Ceraunian Mountains
D) The Aoos river
- 23. What geographical features marked the northern boundary of Epirus?
A) The Ambracian Gulf and Axius river
B) The Aegean shores
C) The Peloponnese mountains
D) The Ceraunian Mountains and the Aoos river
- 24. Which of the following was a sub-region of Epirus located in the north?
A) Molossia
B) Bottiaea
C) Chaonia
D) Thesprotia
- 25. Which of the following was a sub-region of Epirus located in the center?
A) Pieria
B) Chaonia
C) Molossia
D) Thesprotia
- 26. Which of the following was a sub-region of Epirus located in the south?
A) Thesprotia
B) Molossia
C) Emathia
D) Chaonia
- 27. What was the original capital of Macedon before it was moved to Pella?
A) Aigai
B) Athens
C) Corinth
D) Sparta
- 28. In which century was the capital of Macedon moved from Aigai to Pella?
A) The 1st century BC
B) The 2nd century BC
C) The 5th century BC
D) The 4th century BC
- 29. Which Macedonian king started to expand into Eordaia and Upper Macedonia?
A) Sulla
B) Alexander I of Macedon
C) Augustus
D) Galen
- 30. Which independent Upper Macedonian tribes inhabited lands expanded into by the Argead kings?
A) The Paeonians, Thracians, and Illyrians
B) The Lyncestae, Orestae, and Elimiotae
C) Locrians, Dorians, and Phocians
D) Chaonians, Molossians, and Thesprotians
- 31. Beyond which river did the Macedonians expand into Mygdonia and Thracian-settled regions?
A) The Nile river
B) The Tiber river
C) The Aoos river
D) The Axius river
- 32. Which non-Greek people lived directly to the north of Macedonia?
A) Thracians
B) Illyrians
C) Romans
D) Paeonians
- 33. Which non-Greek people lived to the northeast of Macedonia?
A) Paeonians
B) Illyrians
C) Thracians
D) Dorians
- 34. Which non-Greek people, frequently in conflict with the Macedonians, lived to the northwest?
A) Athenians
B) Thracians
C) Paeonians
D) Illyrians
- 35. Who settled Chalcidice early on, making it considered part of the Greek world?
A) Illyrian warriors
B) Southern Greek colonists
C) Roman generals
D) Thracian tribes
- 36. When did substantial Greek settlement occur on the eastern shores of the Aegean in Anatolia?
A) During the Roman civil wars
B) From the late 2nd millennium BC
C) After the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC
D) From the 4th century BC
- 37. Which city was burnt by the rebelling Ionians and their allies before they were driven back?
A) Sparta
B) Athens
C) Corinth
D) Sardis
- 38. Until what year did the Ionian revolt continue before the rebels were defeated?
A) 494
B) 450
C) 490
D) 480
- 39. Which Persian ruler assembled an armada in 490 BC to retaliate against Athens?
A) Xerxes
B) Artaxerxes
C) Darius
D) Cyrus
- 40. Who launched the second Persian invasion, ten years after the first?
A) Alexander the Great
B) Philip II
C) Darius
D) Xerxes
- 41. How many Greek city-states formed a coalition to resist the Persian invaders under Xerxes?
A) 300
B) 12
C) 31
D) 50
- 42. Which force invaded Greek Sicily at the same time Xerxes launched his invasion?
A) Macedonian force
B) Roman force
C) Egyptian force
D) Carthaginian force
- 43. How many Spartans led the small rearguard of Greeks at the pass of Thermopylae?
A) Three hundred
B) Fifty
C) Ten thousand
D) One thousand
- 44. Who was the tyrant of Syracuse that defeated the Carthaginian invasion at the Battle of Himera?
A) Lysander
B) Cimon
C) Pausanias
D) Gelon
- 45. Who initially led the anti-Persian alliance after the invasions before Athens took over in 477?
A) Cimon
B) Cleon
C) Pericles
D) Pausanias
- 46. By what year had Persia been driven out of the Aegean?
A) 431
B) 450
C) 479
D) 460
- 47. Into what did the defensive Delian League gradually transform as Athens' naval power grew?
A) An Athenian empire
B) A Carthaginian colony
C) The Peloponnesian League
D) The League of Corinth
- 48. In what year did Athens end its campaigns against Persia following a disastrous defeat in Egypt?
A) 460
B) 446
C) 479
D) 450
- 49. Whose death in action against the Persians on Cyprus occurred in 450 BC?
A) Pericles
B) Cleon
C) Brasidas
D) Cimon
- 50. Which leading Athenian statesman was killed by a plague during the Peloponnesian War?
A) Alcibiades
B) Pericles
C) Nicias
D) Cleon
- 51. Which Athenian leader won victories at Pylos and Sphakteria that led Sparta to sue for peace?
A) Cimon
B) Pericles
C) Nicias
D) Cleon
- 52. Which Spartan military success and generalship improved Sparta's position after Sphakteria?
A) Cleombrotus I
B) Brasidas
C) Lysander
D) Pausanias
- 53. Which Athenian general negotiated the peace treaty in 421 BC?
A) Nicias
B) Cimon
C) Pericles
D) Cleon
- 54. In what year did Athens launch an ambitious naval expedition to dominate Sicily?
A) 415
B) 405
C) 431
D) 418
- 55. At the harbor of which city did the Sicilian expedition end in total disaster?
A) Argos
B) Corinth
C) Syracuse
D) Sparta
- 56. What was the name of the oligarchic regime installed by Sparta in Athens following the Athenian surrender?
A) The League of Corinth
B) The Thirty Years' Council
C) The Thirty Tyrants
D) The Delian League
- 57. How long did the rule of the Thirty Tyrants last before they were overthrown?
A) Ten years
B) Only a year
C) Five years
D) Thirty years
- 58. In what year were Sparta and Athens defeated by Thebes at the Battle of Mantinea?
A) 350
B) 371
C) 362
D) 369
- 59. Which Theban general was killed at the Battle of Mantinea?
A) Gelon
B) Epaminondas
C) Pausanias
D) Pelopidas
- 60. Which Persian ruler was defeated by Alexander the Great at the Battle of Issus in 333 BC?
A) Artaxerxes
B) Darius III
C) Darius
D) Xerxes
- 61. What is the ancient Greek name for Ancient Greece?
A) Ἑλλάς
B) Μακεδονία
C) Ἀττική
D) Πελοπόννησος
- 62. Which period marks the beginning of ancient Greece according to scholars?
A) Archaic period
B) Hellenistic period
C) Classical period
D) Mycenaean Greece
- 63. Where was the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt centred?
A) Alexandria
B) Byzantium
C) Athens
D) Sparta
- 64. The beginning of classical antiquity around the 8th century BC roughly coincides with the earliest recorded poetry of whom?
A) Philip II
B) Alexander the Great
C) Homer
D) Justinian I
- 65. By what was Athenian dominance displaced during the early 4th century BC?
A) Delian League
B) Spartan hegemony
C) Mycenaean civilization
D) Ptolemaic Kingdom
- 66. Who established Byzantium as the capital of the Roman Empire?
A) Alexander the Great
B) Justinian I
C) Philip II
D) Constantine
- 67. In what year was Byzantium established as the capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine?
A) 529 AD
B) 330 AD
C) 30 BC
D) 146 BC
- 68. In what year was the Academy of Athens closed by Justinian I?
A) 323 BC
B) 330 AD
C) 146 BC
D) 529 AD
- 69. Who is widely known as the 'father of history'?
A) Thucydides
B) Xenophon
C) Aristotle
D) Herodotus
- 70. What is the name of Herodotus' work that is eponymous of the entire field?
A) Histories
B) Republic
C) The Peloponnesian War
D) Politics
- 71. Which 8th-century BC person is alluded to in Herodotus' work?
A) Achilles
B) Leonidas
C) Odysseus
D) Candaules
- 72. What is the general consensus regarding the accuracy of Herodotus' works?
A) It is debated.
B) It is universally proven to be entirely fictional.
C) It is considered 100 percent flawless.
D) It is completely ignored by modern scholars.
- 73. Who succeeded Herodotus in writing history and philosophy?
A) Sophocles
B) Hesiod
C) Homer
D) Thucydides
- 74. Which of the following authors succeeded Herodotus?
A) Xenophon
B) Solon
C) Draco
D) Peisistratus
- 75. Which famous orator and author succeeded Herodotus according to the text?
A) Aristophanes
B) Aeschylus
C) Euripides
D) Demosthenes
- 76. Which philosopher is listed among the successors of Herodotus in the text?
A) Thales
B) Pythagoras
C) Plato
D) Heraclitus
- 77. Which philosopher and successor of Herodotus is mentioned last in the author list?
A) Socrates
B) Epicurus
C) Zeno
D) Aristotle
- 78. What became the most important unit of political organisation in Greece during the archaic period?
A) The province
B) The polis
C) The empire
D) The kingdom
- 79. What geographic feature of Greece encouraged the development of small independent city-states?
A) Mountainous terrain
B) Flat plains
C) Dense forests
D) Widespread deserts
- 80. Where was the Euboean settlement established in the east as early as 800 BC?
A) Ischia
B) Al-Mina
C) Megara
D) Sybaris
- 81. Where was the Euboean settlement established in the west by 775 BC?
A) Elis
B) Al-Mina
C) Ischia
D) Argos
- 82. Contact with which region especially inspired developments in art, architecture, and coinage?
A) North Africa
B) The Near East
C) Western Europe
D) Central Asia
- 83. Who led a failed coup in Athens around 636 BC?
A) Cylon
B) Draco
C) Solon
D) Pisistratus
- 84. Who was appointed to establish a code of laws in Athens in 621 BC?
A) Draco
B) Hippias
C) Cylon
D) Cleisthenes
- 85. Who was given the authority to enact reforms in 594 BC to balance power between the rich and the poor?
A) Solon
B) Hippias
C) Lycurgus
D) Pisistratus
- 86. Who established himself as a tyrant in Athens in the middle of the 6th century?
A) Draco
B) Cleisthenes
C) Pisistratus
D) Cylon
- 87. Who inherited the tyrant position from Pisistratus after his death in 527 BC?
A) Solon
B) Hippias
C) Lycurgus
D) Cylon
- 88. Who carried out further democratising reforms in Athens by the end of the 6th century?
A) Draco
B) Cylon
C) Pisistratus
D) Cleisthenes
- 89. How many kings did the Spartan political system have?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Three
D) One
- 90. According to Spartan tradition, who established the Spartan constitution?
A) Cleisthenes
B) Draco
C) Lycurgus
D) Solon
- 91. Which major power in the Peloponnese was Sparta's position reinforced against through the Peloponnesian League?
A) Argos
B) Athens
C) Corinth
D) Thebes
- 92. Which Greek colony in southern Italy formed an alliance in the 6th century?
A) Al-Mina
B) Ischia
C) Sybaris
D) Megara
- 93. With which group did Sybaris and its allies form an alliance in the 6th century?
A) The Serdaioi
B) The Corinthians
C) The Athenians
D) The Spartans
- 94. Who was the last Macedonian ruler of Egypt?
A) Ptolemy
B) Antigonus I
C) Cleopatra
D) Alexander the Great
- 95. Who were the first Hellenistic kings?
A) Roman generals
B) Alexander's generals
C) Indian kings
D) Existing royal lineages
- 96. Which ruler controlled Egypt in the decades after Alexander's death?
A) Seleucus I
B) Ptolemy
C) Antigonus I
D) Pyrrhus
- 97. Who ruled the smaller Hellenistic kingdom of Epirus?
A) Antigonus II
B) Chandragupta Maurya
C) Pyrrhus
D) Seleucus I
- 98. Where did the Attalids rule?
A) Anatolia
B) Macedonia
C) Egypt
D) Peloponnese
- 99. What did the Seleucid kingdom receive in exchange for giving up territory in the east to Chandragupta Maurya?
A) An alliance against Rome
B) Ships
C) War elephants
D) Gold and silver
- 100. How did mainland Greek city-states compete against the power of successor monarchies?
A) By conquering Egypt
B) By grouping themselves into alliances
C) By surrendering to Alexander's generals
D) By forming an empire with Rome
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