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Criminological Research 1&2 - Quiz
Contributed by: Asma
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
B) After you data analysis
C) After the conduct of your research
D) Upon the order of your research professor
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
B) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
D) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) According to Manalo (2019),...
B) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
C) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
D) (Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Page Number
B) Book title
C) Secondary citation
D) Literature’s year of market sold
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
B) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
D) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) Keep it up.
B) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Any of the forgoing
B) Times New Roman
C) Calibri
D) Arial
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) None of them are correct.
B) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
C) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
D) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Psychological Association
B) American Psychological Associative
C) American Physical Application
D) American Physiological Association
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) Both statements are true
B) The first statement is true while the latter is false
C) Both statements are false
D) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) true
B) Yes
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Data analysis
B) Making recommendations
C) Writing a conclusion
D) Identifying a research problem
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Biased
B) Systematic
C) Opinion-based
D) Random
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Ambiguous
B) Clear and concise
C) Emotional
D) Long and complicated
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Problem
B) Hypothesis
C) Variable
D) Theory
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 2
B) Chapter 3
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 5
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Googling
B) Conducting surveys
C) Watching videos
D) Reading textbooks
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Random sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Coding
B) Classifying
C) Hypothesizing
D) Editing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Which section includes the research questions?
B) Results
C) Abstract
D) Chapter 2
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Letters
B) Statistical software
C) Interview
D) Maps
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 5
B) Chapter 4
C) Chapter 3
D) Chapter 1
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Sorting
B) Ranking
C) Coding
D) Aligning
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Cannot be tested
B) Changes often
C) Produces consistent results
D) Gives random answers
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Correct answers
B) Harm to participants
C) Sampling
D) Accurate data
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Personal belief
B) Random ideas
C) Established theories
D) Guessing
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Interview
B) Fiction writing
C) Survey
D) Observation
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Bibliography
B) Abstract
C) Introduction
D) Appendix
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Cluster
B) Universe
C) Hypothesis
D) Sample
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Exploratory
B) Historical
C) Causal
D) Descriptive
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Quasi-experimental
B) Experimental
C) Descriptive
D) Exploratory
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 2
B) Chapter 4
C) Appendix
D) Chapter 1
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Variance
B) Mean
C) Mode
D) Range
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Frequency distribution
B) Appendix
C) Theory chart
D) Graph
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Survey
C) Observation
D) Case study
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Narrative research
B) Qualitative research
C) Experimental research
D) Descriptive research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Fabricate data
B) Hide results
C) Force respondents to answer
D) Respect privacy
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Instrument
B) Framework
C) Conclusion
D) Variable
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Books and sources used
B) Questions
C) Tables
D) Participants
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Literature
B) Theories
C) Values and categories
D) Recommendations
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Accepted
B) Useless
C) Weak
D) Ignored
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Questionnaire
B) Instrument panel
C) Framework
D) Appendix
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Historical
B) Exploratory
C) Qualitative
D) Quantitative
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Results
B) Review of literature
C) Discussion
D) Methodology
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Random sample
B) Stratified sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Systematic sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Correlational
B) Quantitative
C) Qualitative
D) Experimental
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Guess about crimes
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Entertain readers
D) Punish offenders
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
B) Random investigation
C) Copying old ideas
D) Reading books
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Research problem
B) Theory
C) Variable
D) Hypothesis
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Research gap
B) Recommendation
C) Conclusion
D) Hypothesis
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Measurements
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Numbers
D) Percentages
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Case studies
C) Statistical and numerical data
D) Personal opinions
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Constant variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Independent variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Constant variable
C) Control variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research instrument
B) Hypothesis
C) Data analysis
D) Research design
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Conclude findings
B) Collect data
C) Copy others’ work
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Punish offenders
C) Guess about crimes
D) Entertain readers
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Random investigation
B) Reading books
C) Copying old ideas
D) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Variable
B) Research problem
C) Theory
D) Hypothesis
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Research gap
C) Recommendation
D) Hypothesis
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Percentages
D) Measurements
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Case studies
B) Personal Opinions
C) Narratives
D) Statistical and numerical data
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Controlled variable
B) Constant variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Independent variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Control variable
B) Constant variable
C) Independent variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Data analysis
C) Research instrument
D) Research design
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Copy others work
B) Collect data
C) Conclude findings
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Selecting a portion of the population
B) Conducting interviews
C) Random guessing
D) Collecting all people in the world
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) No chance
B) Equal chance
C) Only chosen groups
D) Less chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Purposive sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Quota sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Cluster sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Stratified sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Collecting information from respondents
B) Writing the conclusion
C) Interpreting results
D) Analyzing data
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Using emotions
B) Copying others’ work
C) Following personal beliefs
D) Being fair and free from bias
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Interview only experts
B) Gather responses systematically
C) Replace literature review
D) Record video data
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Gather main data
B) Interpret results
C) Conduct final defense
D) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Write conclusions
B) Predict the weather
C) Make stories
D) Analyze and summarize data
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Honesty and protection of participants
B) Cost reduction
C) The study is secret
D) Fast approval
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Reading literature
B) Making surveys
C) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
D) Collecting raw data
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
B) Writing a program
C) Copying answers
D) Creating categories
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Collect responses
B) Test hypotheses
C) Predict future events
D) Describe and summarize data
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Draw conclusions beyond the data
B) Measure variables directly
C) Arrange answers
D) Describe findings
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Range
B) Mode
C) Mean
D) Median
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Range
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Mean
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Mode
B) Frequency
C) Mean
D) Median
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A literature review
B) Written presentation of research results
C) Raw data
D) A list of questions
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Statistical data analysis
B) Editing photos
C) Data gathering
D) Drawing diagrams only
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Number of samples
B) Relationship between two variables
C) Group size
D) Population total
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) The sample
B) People living in a place
C) All individuals of interest in a study
D) Random group
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Cluster
B) Variable
C) Hypothesis
D) Sample
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Estimated information
B) Old data from books
C) Data collected by another researcher
D) Data collected directly by the researcher
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) Experimental data
B) Collected directly
C) From surveys
D) From existing materials or sources
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Accuracy of measurement
B) Repeated testing
C) Consistency of results
D) Random guessing
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of law only
B) Study of courts
C) Study of police work
D) Study of criminals and crimes
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Narrative
B) Qualitative
C) QuantitCorreative
D) Descriptive
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Testable statement
B) Final conclusion
C) Sampling method
D) Research title
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Only criminals
B) Sample group
C) Selected respondents
D) Entire group being studied
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Book
B) Interview
C) Newspaper
D) Journal article
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Result or outcome
B) Question
C) Cause of changes
D) Control factor
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To interview respondents
B) To design questionnaires
C) To summarize the results
D) To review related studies
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You paraphrase properly
B) You copy without credit
C) You cite sources
D) You research online
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Speed of work
B) Cheating
C) Writing style
D) Fairness and honesty
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