A) As a physical problem B) As a physiological problem C) As a geometrical problem D) As a psychological problem
A) Aristotle B) Claudius Ptolemy C) Hero of Alexandria D) Euclid
A) With a set of self-evident axioms B) With physical experiments C) With physiological observations D) With a mathematical proof of refraction
A) In a zigzag pattern B) In a spiral shape C) In a straight line D) In a curved line
A) A sphere B) A pyramid C) A cylinder D) A cone
A) Smaller B) Closer C) Brighter D) Larger
A) Higher B) Brighter C) Lower D) Deeper
A) Larger B) Blurrier C) Darker D) Clearer
A) No B) Yes C) Only for reflection D) Only for refraction
A) The color spectrum and lenses B) Mirages and magnification C) Perspective and the rounding of things seen at a distance D) Reflection and refraction
A) Reflection and refraction B) Emission theory C) Catoptrics and dioptrics D) Simple direct vision
A) Hero of Alexandria B) Claudius Ptolemy C) Plato D) Euclid
A) Catoptrics B) Emission theory C) Perspective D) Dioptrics
A) Slowly and gradually B) Instantly without duration C) At the speed of sound D) At great speed
A) They multiplied B) They could become trapped in the porosities C) They were reflected perfectly D) They passed straight through
A) Reflection theory B) Emission theory C) Refraction theory D) Axiomatic theory
A) That angles are proportional to speeds B) That visual rays bounce like elastic balls C) That light travels in a curved line D) That this is the shortest path from the object to the observer
A) Half as far as the object is in front B) As far as the object really is in front of the mirror C) Directly on the surface of the mirror D) Twice as far as the object is in front
A) Second-century B) First-century C) Fourth-century D) Third-century
A) Moving back and forth between eye and object B) Originating from external light sources C) Proceeding from the object to the eye D) Proceeding from the eye to the object
A) As discrete lines rather than a cone B) As parallel rays C) As a continuous cone rather than discrete lines D) As physical particles trapped in pores
A) Only reflection B) Only direct vision C) Perspective and rounding D) Reflection and refraction
A) Water, oil, and glass B) Air, water, and glass C) Air, water, and wood D) Glass, metal, and air
A) To eliminate errors caused by unpolished surfaces B) To fit his incorrect assumption that refraction is proportional to incidence C) To account for the speed of visual rays D) To match Euclid's earlier axioms
A) Egyptian B) Arabic C) Greek D) Latin
A) Vision and eye B) Glass lens C) Appearance, look D) Ray of light
A) Ancient China B) Early modern Europe C) Ancient Greece D) Medieval Islamic world
A) Medieval Islamic world B) Ancient Greco-Roman world C) Twentieth century D) Early modern Europe
A) Four B) Five C) Two D) Three
A) Aphrodite B) Lucretius C) Euclid D) Mozi
A) Atoms of energy B) An inverted image C) Rays of reflected light D) Fire lit by Aphrodite
A) 55 BC B) 4th century BC C) 5th century BCE D) 5th century AD
A) A beam of heat B) A reflected ray C) An inverted image D) A magnified image
A) A cylindrical glass B) A 'collecting-point' or 'treasure house' C) An astronomical compendium D) A plane mirror
A) Five B) A hundred C) Four D) 36
A) Lucretius B) Dignāga C) Mozi D) Pappus
A) Almagest B) Syntaxis C) Little Astronomy D) Catoptrica
A) 7th century AD B) 55 BC C) 5th century BCE D) 4th century BC
A) Catoptrica B) Almagest C) Little Astronomy D) Optics
A) Shorter B) Equal C) Variable D) Longer
A) Mozi B) Empedocles C) Dignāga D) Dharmakirti
A) 7th century B) 4th century C) 6th century D) 5th century
A) Ibn Sahl B) Al-Kindi C) Avicenna D) Al-Biruni
A) De radiis stellarum B) Liber de crepisculis C) Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir D) De aspectibus
A) Ibn Sahl B) Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi C) Al-Kindi D) Kamal al-Din al-Farisi
A) De radiis stellarum B) The Revision of Optics C) Book of Optics D) On the burning instruments
A) Roger Bacon B) Robert Grosseteste C) Alhazen D) Rashed
A) Snell's law B) Newton's law C) Al-Kindi's law D) Ptolemy's law
A) 800s B) 1230s C) 1010s D) 980s
A) Al-Biruni B) Avicenna C) Ptolemy D) Al-Kindi
A) Kitab al Manazir B) Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir C) De radiis stellarum D) Fī al-'āla al-muḥriqa
A) Ibn Sahl B) Ibn al-Haytham C) Al-Kindi D) Al-Biruni
A) Avicenna B) Ibn Sahl C) Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ma'udh D) Al-Kindi
A) Western Europe B) Al-Andalus C) Persia D) Baghdad
A) Perspectiva B) De aspectibus C) Liber de crepisculis D) De radiis stellarum
A) Al-Biruni B) Al-Kindi C) Ibn Sahl D) Alhazen
A) 90° B) 10° C) 18° D) 45°
A) Solar eclipses B) Lunar halos C) The rainbow phenomenon D) Mirages
A) Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir B) Liber de crepisculis C) Fī al-'āla al-muḥriqa D) Kitab al Manazir
A) Revelation 21:23 B) Genesis 1:1 C) Genesis 1:3 D) John 1:5
A) Alhacen B) Theodoric of Freiberg C) Peter of Limoges D) Robert Grosseteste
A) Roger Bacon B) John Pecham C) Theodoric of Freiberg D) Witelo
A) German monk B) English bishop C) English Franciscan D) Arabic physician
A) How we see B) The origin of the universe C) The chemical composition of mirrors D) The measurement of planetary distances
A) Theodoric of Freiberg B) Peter of Limoges C) Witelo D) Robert Grosseteste
A) Al-Kindi B) Alhacen C) Avicenna D) Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
A) Willebrord Snellius B) Johannes Kepler C) Isaac Newton D) René Descartes
A) Opticks B) Astronomiae Pars Optica C) Traité de la lumière D) Opera reliqua
A) Isaac Newton B) Johannes Kepler C) Willebrord Snellius D) Christiaan Huygens
A) René Descartes B) Christiaan Huygens C) Willebrord Snellius D) Johannes Kepler
A) Christiaan Huygens B) Johannes Kepler C) René Descartes D) Isaac Newton
A) A reflecting telescope B) A refracting telescope C) A compound microscope D) A pinhole camera
A) The University of Cambridge B) The Royal Society C) The Roman Inquisition D) The French Academy of Sciences
A) Opticks B) Astronomiae Pars Optica C) Traité de la lumière D) Opera reliqua
A) Gravitons B) Caloric fluid C) Photons D) The ether
A) 1671 B) 1604 C) 1621 D) 1704
A) Johannes Kepler B) René Descartes C) Isaac Newton D) Christiaan Huygens
A) Isaac Newton B) Thomas Young C) James Gregory D) Francesco Maria Grimaldi
A) The French word diffrayer B) The Latin word diffractus C) The Greek word diffugio D) The Latin word diffringere
A) 1803 B) 1815 C) 1638 D) 1665
A) During his youth B) Posthumously C) Decades before his birth D) Simultaneously with his death
A) Christiaan Huygens B) Isaac Newton C) Francesco Maria Grimaldi D) James Gregory
A) A glass prism B) Two closely spaced slits C) A ripple tank D) A bird feather
A) Wave interferometer B) Diffraction grating C) Prism spectroscope D) Ripple tank
A) 1815 B) 1665 C) 1803 D) 1818
A) Water waves B) A bird feather C) An electric spark D) Sunlight
A) Isaac Newton B) James Gregory C) Augustin-Jean Fresnel D) Francesco Maria Grimaldi
A) Inflexion B) Diffraction C) Propagation D) Interference
A) Seneca the Younger B) Ibn al-Haytham C) Emperor Nero D) Roger Bacon
A) Emperor Claudius B) Emperor Augustus C) Emperor Tiberius D) Emperor Nero
A) Ibn al-Haytham B) Roger Bacon C) Jacob Metius D) Giovanni Faber
A) Gladiators B) Tutors C) Emperors D) Monks
A) Deeper lenses magnified more effectively B) Concave lenses magnified more effectively than convex lenses C) Thicker glass spheres magnified more effectively D) Shallower lenses magnified more effectively
A) 1608 B) 1286 C) 1021 D) 1620
A) England B) Italy C) Egypt D) The Netherlands
A) Galileo Galilei B) Hans Lippershey C) Jacob Metius D) Isaac Newton
A) Zacharias Janssen B) Cornelis Drebbel C) Jacob Metius D) Hans Martens
A) 1608 B) 1668 C) 1590 D) 1620
A) Hans Martens B) Zacharias Janssen C) Cornelis Drebbel D) Giovanni Faber
A) Jacob Metius B) Giovanni Faber C) Seneca the Younger D) Roger Bacon |