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Persian mythology - Quiz
Contributed by: Buck
  • 1. Who is considered the greatest Persian hero according to the text?
A) Rostam
B) Esfandiyār
C) Faramarz
D) Jamshid
  • 2. Whose grandson is Rostam?
A) Mehrab Kaboli
B) Sām
C) Goshtasp
D) Zal
  • 3. Who are the parents of Rostam?
A) Shāhrū and Qārin
B) Zal and Rudaba
C) Mehrab Kaboli and Sindukht
D) Goshtasp and Katāyoun
  • 4. What is the name of Rostam's legendary stallion?
A) Olad
B) Rakhsh
C) Babr-e Bayan
D) Manikan
  • 5. What is the name of the special suit worn by Rostam in battles?
A) Rakhsh
B) Faramarz-nama
C) Babr-e Bayan
D) Shahnameh
  • 6. In the Shahnameh, what title do Rostam and his predecessors hold regarding Sistan?
A) Counselors
B) Marzbans
C) Kings
D) Princes
  • 7. Rostam is best known for his tragic fight with which other legendary Iranian hero?
A) Faramarz
B) Esfandiyār
C) Sohrab
D) Jamshid
  • 8. Who did Rostam tragically fight and kill without knowing who his opponent was?
A) Bahram
B) Esfandiyār
C) Faramarz
D) Sohrab
  • 9. Who is described as the fourth and greatest king of the Pishdadian Dynasty?
A) Jamshid
B) Rostam
C) Esfandiyār
D) Goshtasp
  • 10. Who transliterated the name Jamshid as Jamshyd?
A) Edward FitzGerald
B) Ferdowsi
C) Gorgani
D) Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
  • 11. Who is the father of Bahram in the Shahnameh?
A) Goudarz
B) Zal
C) Sām
D) Mehrab Kaboli
  • 12. Who are the brothers of Bahram mentioned in the text?
A) Rohham, Giv, and Hojir
B) Sohrab, Faramarz, and Esfandiyār
C) Rakhsh, Olad, and Tous
D) Ramin, Manikan, and Qārin
  • 13. In the story of Siavash, who tries unsuccessfully to convince Siavash not to go to Turan?
A) Bahram and Zange-ye Shavaran
B) Faramarz and Rohham
C) Rostam and Zal
D) Jamshid and Tous
  • 14. When Siavash abandons the Iranian army, who is put in command until the arrival of Tous?
A) Esfandiyār
B) Bahram
C) Rostam
D) Faramarz
  • 15. Who is the princess of Kabul and daughter of Mehrab Kaboli and Sindukht?
A) Vis
B) Rudaba
C) Katāyoun
D) Shāhrū
  • 16. During Rostam's Seven Labours, in how many labours was he accompanied by the champion Olad?
A) One
B) Seven
C) Five
D) Two
  • 17. Who is the poet who wrote the 10th-century Persian epic Shahnameh?
A) Ferdowsi
B) Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
C) Edward FitzGerald
D) Gorgani
  • 18. Who was the grandmother of Esfandiyār, being the mother of Goshtasp?
A) Katāyoun
B) Kay Lohrasp
C) Shāhrū
D) Sindukht
  • 19. Who is the mother of Esfandiyār?
A) Rudaba
B) Katāyoun
C) Sindukht
D) Vis
  • 20. Who composed the classical Persian love story Vis and Rāmin in poetry in the 11th century?
A) Kay Lohrasp
B) Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
C) Edward FitzGerald
D) Ferdowsi
  • 21. According to modern regard, what is the dynastic origin of the story Vis and Rāmin?
A) Parthian
B) Pishdadian
C) Kayanian
D) Sasanian
  • 22. Gorgani originally belongs to which region, which is one of the main lands of Parthians?
A) Mazandaran
B) Hyrcania
C) Kabul
D) Sistan
  • 23. Who are the parents of Vis?
A) Zal and Rudaba
B) Goshtasp and Katāyoun
C) Shāhrū and Qārin
D) Mehrab Kaboli and Sindukht
  • 24. Which ruling family in western Iran does Vis belong to?
A) Sasanian
B) Pishdadian
C) Māh (Media)
D) Kayanian
  • 25. Who is Ramin's brother?
A) Esfandiyār
B) Faramarz
C) Sohrab
D) Mobed Manikan
  • 26. What is the title of Mobed Manikan, the brother of Ramin?
A) King of Hyrcania
B) King of Marv
C) King of Sistan
D) King of Kabul
  • 27. Who is the son of Rostam who was at last killed by Kay Bahman?
A) Bahram
B) Faramarz
C) Sohrab
D) Esfandiyār
  • 28. What is the name of the book written about a hundred years after Shahnameh that focuses on Faramarz and his wars?
A) Borzu Nama
B) Faramarz-nama
C) Shahnameh
D) Vis and Rāmin
  • 29. Besides Faramarz-nama, in which other ancient book is Faramarz mentioned?
A) Borzu Nama
B) Babr-e Bayan
C) Māh
D) Rakhsh
  • 30. Which mythological creature is described as a benevolent bird and found in all periods of Iranian art?
A) Huma
B) Chamrosh
C) Simurgh
D) Manticore
  • 31. What caused dynamism, the creation of mountains, and the rotation of the stars?
A) Zarvan
B) Angra Mainyu
C) Ahriman
D) Ahura Mazda
  • 32. Into how many regions was the world divided during the period of dynamism?
A) Seven regions
B) Twelve regions
C) Four regions
D) Three regions
  • 33. What was the name of the central region of the world?
A) Khoonirth
B) Sepand
C) Alborz
D) Zeed
  • 34. How many levels did the sky have?
A) Seven levels
B) Three levels
C) Four levels
D) Two levels
  • 35. Which mountain was considered the center of the universe?
A) Mount Ararat
B) Mount Damavand
C) Mount Biston
D) Dark Mountain
  • 36. Where was the Dark Mountain located?
A) In the north of hell
B) In the sun base
C) In Khoonirth
D) In Alborz
  • 37. Within how many mythological years does creation take place?
A) Three thousand years
B) Seven thousand years
C) Ten thousand years
D) Twelve thousand years
E) Nine thousand years
  • 38. Into how many periods is the creation timeframe subdivided?
A) Seven periods
B) Three periods
C) Two periods
D) Four periods
  • 39. How many years is each subdivision of the creation period?
A) Three thousand years
B) One thousand years
C) Four thousand years
D) Six thousand years
  • 40. What was the state of the world in the first three thousand years?
A) Dominated by rivers and stars
B) Divided into seven regions
C) Minoan, with still neither place nor time
D) Physical and filled with mountains
  • 41. Who does Ahura Mazda create first?
A) Div and Druq
B) Amesha Spenta
C) The gods
D) Sardivan
  • 42. What does Ahriman create to deal with Ahura Maza's creations?
A) Ahunur
B) Angra Mainyu
C) Zeed and Islah
D) Sardivan
  • 43. When is the last battle between the forces of evil and good agreed to take place according to the peace pact?
A) Three thousand years later
B) Immediately in the second period
C) Twelve thousand years later
D) Nine thousand years later
  • 44. What is the true prayer uttered by Ahura Mazda after the pact is concluded?
A) Sepand
B) Ahunur
C) Khoonirth
D) Minoan
  • 45. What is another term used in the West for Iranian mythology?
A) Zoroastrian folklore
B) Mesopotamian myths
C) Persosphere legends
D) Persian mythology
  • 46. Which region is NOT explicitly mentioned as part of the Persosphere?
A) East Asia
B) West Asia
C) Central Asia
D) South Asia
  • 47. What term does the Encyclopædia Iranica project use for the region influenced by Iranian culture?
A) Iranian cultural continent
B) Persian empire zone
C) Zoroastrian dominion
D) The Greater Plateau
  • 48. What does the discord in Persian mythology mirror from the early Islamic era?
A) Nationalistic ideals
B) Agricultural policies
C) Trading routes
D) Architectural styles
  • 49. Who initiated the reforms that became Zoroastrianism?
A) Ahura Mazda
B) Zoroaster
C) Kāve
D) Zahhak
  • 50. How did the characteristics of Ahuras and Divan change between Indians and Iranians?
A) They merged into a single deity
B) They were both forgotten
C) They remained completely identical
D) They were transformed into each other
  • 51. Who is presented as a symbol of despotism in Persian mythology?
A) Kāve
B) Zahhak
C) Ahura Mazda
D) Zoroaster
  • 52. Who finally defeated Zahhak by leading a popular uprising?
A) Zoroaster
B) Ahura Mazda
C) Kāve
D) Ahriman
  • 53. What is the Avestan name for Zahhak?
A) Aži Dahāka
B) Pairika
C) Simurgh
D) Ahlav
  • 54. What happened when the vipers on Zahhak's shoulders were beheaded?
A) They turned into birds
B) New heads grew on them
C) Zahhak lost his power
D) They died permanently
  • 55. In Iranian mythology, what were signs of good omens, especially?
A) Snakes
B) Vipers
C) Demons
D) Birds
  • 56. What bird was a symbol of victory whose plume adorned Persian crowns?
A) Simurgh
B) Pairika
C) Huma bird
D) Div
  • 57. What is the Avestan name for the Peri?
A) Izad
B) Aži Dahāka
C) Pairika
D) Ahlav
  • 58. Which civilization had an old and well-known civilization in the southwest of the Iranian plateau before the Medes?
A) Kassites
B) Medes
C) Elamites
D) Urartu
  • 59. Which ancient tribe's mythology has similarities with later Iranian civilizations, especially in names?
A) Gutian
B) Lullubi
C) Elamites
D) Kassites
  • 60. The Elamites had linguistic affinities with the non-Aryans of which region?
A) India
B) Europe
C) Mesopotamia
D) Egypt
  • 61. What element is sacred and praised in both Iranian and Indian beliefs?
A) Air
B) Fire
C) Water
D) Earth
  • 62. Where are the oldest examples of the ancient form of Iranian mythology referenced?
A) Bundahisn
B) Avesta
C) Shahnameh
D) Denkard
  • 63. Within the Avesta, where are references to myths predominantly found?
A) Vendidad
B) Denkard
C) Shahnameh
D) Yashta
  • 64. What is the primary nature of Yashta?
A) Prayer hymns
B) Epic poetry
C) Legal codes
D) Historical chronicles
  • 65. When was the final compilation of most Middle Persian Zoroastrian writings?
A) Ancient Vedic period
B) Early Islamic era
C) Pre-Median era
D) Late Sasanian period
  • 66. Most Middle Persian Zoroastrian writings are based on texts from which period?
A) Elamite era
B) Early Islamic era
C) Late Sasanian period
D) Median period
  • 67. Which of the following is listed as a famous book containing sources for Persian mythology?
A) Bundahisn
B) Yashta
C) Rigveda
D) Elamite Chronicles
  • 68. Which book is authored by the Persian poet Abolqasem Ferdowsi?
A) Denkard
B) Shahnameh
C) Bundahisn
D) Vendidad
  • 69. What is the dates of life given for the Persian poet Abolqasem Ferdowsi?
A) 800-900 CE
B) 940-1020 CE
C) 1000-1100 CE
D) 500-600 CE
  • 70. The mythology of Iran was greatly influenced by the myths of native peoples of the Iranian plateau and the myths of where else?
A) Far East Asia
B) Southern Africa
C) Northern Europe
D) Middle River
  • 71. What did Iranian and Indian beliefs perform in a similar manner for the gods?
A) Sacrifices
B) Agricultural harvesting
C) Navigational rituals
D) Architectural building
  • 72. How long does it take Ahura Mazda to create the sky, water, earth, plants, animals, and humans?
A) Six years
B) Three thousand years
C) Forty years
D) One year
  • 73. What are the anniversaries of the six creations known as?
A) Behdinan
B) Urmazdi
C) Chinvat
D) Gahambars
  • 74. What grows from the seed of Keyumars after 40 years?
A) A lotus flower
B) A cedar branch
C) A rhubarb branch
D) A sacred tree
  • 75. Who is known as the father of humans?
A) Siamak
B) Keyumars
C) Mishyaneh
D) Mishiyeh
  • 76. Who is known as the mother of humans?
A) Mishyaneh
B) Mishiyeh
C) Neshak
D) Guzak
  • 77. Who is born after the couple Siamak and Neshak?
A) Hushang and Guzak
B) Mishiyeh and Mishyaneh
C) Farag-Farwagin
D) Oshidar and Oshidar Mah
  • 78. What is the specific task of Sushyant?
A) Planting the rhubarb branch
B) Revealing religion to Zoroaster
C) Killing the first cow
D) Raising the dead
  • 79. What must each of the dead people pass through?
A) The Chinvat Bridge
B) The Urmazdi creatures
C) The Gahambars festivals
D) The Behdinan gates
  • 80. What is the first dynasty of Iranian national history according to the text?
A) Sassanid dynasty
B) Pishdadian dynasty
C) Achaemenid dynasty
D) Kayanian dynasty
  • 81. Which king does the Pishdadian dynasty end with?
A) Garshasp
B) Darius III
C) Artabanus IV
D) Kay Lohrasp
  • 82. What is the second mythological dynasty of Iran?
A) Kayanian dynasty
B) Pishdadian dynasty
C) Sassanid dynasty
D) Parthian dynasty
  • 83. Which religion is presented during the Kayanian period?
A) Zoroastrian religion
B) Greek polytheism
C) Izder religion
D) Pishdadian religion
  • 84. Where were the Kayanian kings probably considered to rule?
A) Western Iran
B) Greece
C) Turan
D) Eastern Iran
  • 85. Who compared the Achaemenids to the Kayanians in his works?
A) Artabanus IV
B) Ardashir I
C) Ferdowsi
D) Al-Biruni
  • 86. Concrete historical data like stone inscriptions and Greek texts coincide with the fall of Iran at the hands of whom?
A) Rostam
B) Alexander
C) Al-Biruni
D) Artabanus IV
  • 87. How did the Iranian narrative view the reign of Alexander and the Greeks?
A) Lasting 450 years
B) Equivalent to the Parthian era
C) Short
D) Long and enduring
  • 88. Who are the Sassanids introduced as descendants of in the text?
A) The Seleucids
B) The Achaemenids
C) The Kayanians
D) The Pishdadians
  • 89. What is the literal meaning of the word 'Ahura'?
A) Sky
B) Wisdom
C) Creator
D) Lord
  • 90. What is the literal meaning of the word 'Mazda'?
A) Lord
B) Light
C) Wisdom
D) Time
  • 91. Who is known as the 'destructive/evil spirit'?
A) Ahura Mazda
B) Atar
C) Angra Mainyu
D) Spenta Mainyu
  • 92. What is the symbol of the goddess Anahita?
A) The winged bull
B) The Lotus flower
C) The sacred fire
D) The sun chariot
  • 93. What is Rashnu's standard appellation?
A) The giver of victory
B) The god of infinite time
C) The all-seeing protector
D) The very straight
  • 94. Which day of every month in the Zoroastrian calendar is dedicated to Rashnu?
A) The 30th day
B) The 1st day
C) The 13th day
D) The 18th day
  • 95. What concept does the divinity Verethragna represent?
A) Wisdom
B) Victory
C) Healing
D) Justice
  • 96. Which name occurs more frequently between Vayu and Vata?
A) Neither is mentioned
B) Vayu
C) Vata
D) They occur equally
  • 97. What divinity is associated with life-bringing rainfall and fertility?
A) Tishtrya
B) Spenta Armaiti
C) Atar
D) Anahita
  • 98. What is Tishtrya called in Middle- and Modern Persian?
A) Haoma
B) Vata
C) Tir
D) Zurvan
  • 99. Which month of the year is dedicated to Tishtrya/Tir?
A) The 1st month
B) The 12th month
C) The 6th month
D) The 4th month
  • 100. What is Haoma?
A) A lotus festival
B) A divine plant
C) An evil spirit
D) A sacred bridge
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