A) 100 cubic kilometres B) 1,000 cubic kilometres C) 500 cubic kilometres D) 2,000 cubic kilometres
A) Low-viscosity mafic magma B) Gas-rich, silicic magma C) Gas-poor, iron-rich magma D) Water-rich, basaltic magma
A) Formation of a flood basalt field B) Emptying of a large magma chamber C) Decrease in local vegetation D) Creation of a new mountain range
A) Zero B) Ten C) Sixty D) Four
A) Absorption of sunlight by lava flows B) Release of sulfur and ash into the atmosphere C) Increase in oceanic water volume D) Destruction of forests worldwide
A) Yellowstone Caldera B) Mount Saint Helens C) Mount Kilimanjaro D) Mount Fuji
A) Their ash disappears after a few years B) They are too small to be noticed C) Concealment under vegetation and glacial deposits D) They are always located in the deep ocean
A) A collapsed crater B) A type of volcanic ash C) A layer of cooled lava D) A submarine vent
A) Pillow lakes B) Silicic basins C) Volcanogenic lakes D) Submarine basins
A) Four B) One million C) Sixty D) 119
A) More than one million B) Exactly 119 C) Under 100 D) About 5,000
A) Tremendous weight of the water B) Rapid cooling of the water C) Low pressure at the sea floor D) Presence of pillow lava
A) Pillow lava B) Silicic glass C) Basaltic flood plains D) Ash flow tuffs
A) Photosynthetic algae B) Tropical fish C) Large coral colonies D) Chemotrophs
A) Industrial activity on the ocean floor B) Formation of a submarine volcano off Mayotte C) Migration of whales D) A major earthquake in the deep ocean
A) Hydrophones and water discoloration B) Satellite imagery C) Monitoring of continental drift D) Visible light from the surface
A) The volcanoes are too small B) Lack of volcanic gases C) The water is too shallow D) Rapid cooling and water buoyancy
A) Mount Etna B) Lake Toba C) Vesuvius D) Mauna Loa
A) Twenty B) Ten C) Sixteen D) Eight
A) Convection B) Sublimation C) Radiation D) Evaporation
A) Divergent B) Monogenetic C) Extinct D) Polygenetic
A) At the North Pole B) Along plate boundaries C) In the middle of continental plates D) In the atmosphere
A) It is destroyed B) It remains unchanged C) It turns into gas D) It is created
A) It disappears B) It is created C) It is destroyed D) It melts instantly
A) Volcanic arcs B) Magma chambers C) Black smokers D) Tectonic chimneys
A) Hawaii B) Indonesia C) Japan D) Iceland
A) Expansion B) Convection C) Subduction D) Divergence
A) Radioactive decay B) Flux melting C) Adiabatic cooling D) Decompression melting
A) Low silica content B) Low viscosity C) High silica content D) High iron content
A) Lithospheric plates B) Hotspots C) Volcanic arcs D) Mid-ocean ridges
A) Mantle plumes B) Subduction C) Black smokers D) Divergent plates
A) Japanese archipelago B) Icelandic ridge C) Hawaiian Islands D) Cascade volcanoes
A) Pacific plate B) North American plate C) Indonesian plate D) Icelandic plate
A) It grows larger B) It erupts more frequently C) It becomes inactive D) It moves with the plume
A) It has been proven false B) It is universally accepted as fact C) It has been questioned D) It is no longer studied
A) Underwater B) In the center of continents C) On high mountain peaks D) Near the North and South Poles
A) Stable B) Divergent C) Transform D) Convergent
A) Hotspot B) Convergent C) Divergent D) Transform
A) Intraplate volcanism B) Convergent subduction C) Transform faulting D) Divergent plate boundary
A) They remove all oxygen B) They cool the troposphere C) They heat the troposphere D) They increase sunlight penetration
A) The Latin word for mountain B) A Greek mountain deity C) An ancient term for fire D) The Roman god Vulcan
A) Tectonics B) Geology C) Seismology D) Volcanology
A) Only atmospheric gas releases B) Only continental volcanoes C) Cryovolcanism D) Only molten rock eruptions
A) Jupiter B) Saturn C) Mercury D) Venus
A) Tectonic folding B) Rifting C) Subduction D) Oceanic trenches
A) Mountain building B) Flood basalts C) Tidal waves D) Deep ocean trenches
A) Fissure vent B) Cryovolcano C) Shield volcano D) Aulacogen
A) Lake Taupō B) Kīlauea C) East African Rift D) Olympus Mons
A) A plateau B) A conduit C) A crater D) A fissure
A) A cryovolcano B) A summit crater C) A massive plateau D) A smaller cone on a flank
A) Magmatic activity B) Low temperatures C) Surface gas emission D) Vent activity
A) Non-explosive B) Highly explosive C) High viscosity D) Catastrophic
A) Puʻu ʻŌʻō B) Lake Taupō C) Olympus Mons D) Kīlauea
A) Shield volcanoes B) Cinder cones C) Dome volcanoes D) Composite volcanoes
A) Mount Fuji B) Mount St. Helens C) Lassen Peak D) Parícutin
A) 1,000 to 5,000 metres B) 30 to 400 metres C) 500 to 1,000 metres D) 5 to 10 metres
A) Dome volcanoes B) Maar craters C) Cryptodomes D) Composite volcanoes
A) 10–20° B) 30–35° C) 45–60° D) 5–10°
A) Saint-Pierre B) Naples C) Tokyo D) Mexico City
A) At the bottom of deep oceans B) Inside tectonic plates C) On oceanic ridges D) Underneath ice caps
A) Shield volcanoes B) Cinder cones C) Stratovolcanoes D) Tuyas
A) Tuya Glacier B) Tuya Island C) Tuya Valley D) Tuya Butte
A) Northern British Columbia B) Central Yukon C) Southern Alberta D) Western Ontario
A) Solfataras B) Mud pools C) Hot springs D) Geysers
A) Molten rock B) Liquid mud C) Steam D) Solid tephra
A) Slurry B) Tephra C) Palagonite D) Pillow lava
A) Surface water weight B) Tectonic shifting C) Magmatic gases D) Steam pressure
A) Mauna Loa B) Novarupta C) Lassen Peak D) Kilauea
A) Tuff B) Ignimbrites C) Basalt D) Obsidian
A) 1,200 °C B) 850 °C C) 500 °C D) 100 °C
A) Less than 45% B) 52–63% C) Greater than 63% D) 45–52%
A) Lava domes B) Shield volcanoes C) Stratovolcanoes D) Flood basalts
A) Obsidian B) Pāhoehoe C) Block lava D) ʻAʻa
A) Ultramafic B) Felsic C) Intermediate D) Basaltic
A) Ignimbrites B) Dacites C) Rhyolites D) Komatiites
A) Basalt B) Obsidian C) Tuff D) Pāhoehoe
A) 10 mm B) 1 mm C) 2 mm D) 5 mm
A) Magma deposits B) Sedimentary rock C) Lava flows D) Volcaniclastics
A) Dissection B) Crystallization C) Effusion D) Decompression
A) Erosion B) Tectonic uplift C) Pressure buildup D) Magmatic flow
A) Devils Tower B) Cinder Hill C) Mount Vesuvius D) Mount Kaimon
A) 1,113 B) 168 C) 1,214 D) 10,652
A) Vulcanian B) Ultra-Plinian C) Hawaiian-type D) Plinian
A) Rhyolitic lava B) Country rock C) Scoria D) Pumice
A) Plinian B) Hawaiian C) Vulcanian D) Phreatic
A) Peléan B) Ultra-Plinian C) Strombolian D) Hawaiian
A) The Smithsonian Institution B) Vulcano C) Pliny the Younger D) Pliny the Elder
A) Vulcanian B) Ultra-Plinian C) Strombolian D) Peléan
A) Mount Kaimon B) Cinder Hill C) Mount Pelée D) Devils Tower
A) Volatile B) Saturated C) Dormant D) Submerged
A) Only for extinct volcanoes B) Only for active volcanoes C) No D) Yes
A) As a graduated spectrum B) As a three-step process C) As a random variable D) As a fixed binary state
A) Only for extinct volcanoes B) Only for erupting volcanoes C) Yes D) No
A) Extinct B) Explosive C) Composite D) Shielded
A) Universally agreed upon B) Not entirely uniform C) Strictly standardized D) Legally defined globally
A) Increased vegetation growth. B) Cooling surface temperatures. C) Decreased volcanic gas emissions. D) Ground inflation.
A) Mount Edgecumbe. B) Pinatubo. C) Chaitén. D) Taftan.
A) Better disaster preparation. B) Government funding for research. C) Decreased awareness. D) Increased seismic monitoring.
A) Pinatubo. B) Yellowstone. C) Soufrière Hills. D) Taftan.
A) In 1995. B) Before 8000 BCE. C) In 1991. D) In 79 CE. |