A) Triple helix B) Circular C) Single strand D) Double helix
A) Replicates DNA B) Stabilizes the genetic information C) Translates proteins into genetic code D) Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
A) A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid B) An enzyme in the nucleus C) A protein subunit D) A segment of DNA that regulates gene expression
A) Endoplasmic reticulum B) Nucleus C) Golgi apparatus D) Mitochondria
A) Small RNA molecule involved in protein synthesis B) Circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that can replicate independently C) Segment of chromosomal DNA D) Large protein structure in the cell membrane
A) DNA sequencing B) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) C) Gene cloning D) Gel electrophoresis
A) Stabilizes the genetic code B) Connects mRNA and ribosomes C) Transfers amino acids to the ribosome D) Transcribes DNA
A) Translation B) Replication C) Transcription D) Mutation
A) Ligase B) Helicase C) Topoisomerase D) DNA polymerase
A) Francis Crick B) The English physicist William Astbury C) James Watson D) Rosalind Franklin
A) 1869 B) 1945 C) 1953 D) 1962
A) James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins B) Gregor Mendel, Friedrich Miescher, and Phoebus Levene C) William Astbury, Rosalind Franklin, and James Watson D) Rosalind Franklin, Erwin Chargaff, and Max Perutz
A) The double helix model of DNA B) The laws of inheritance through studies on pea plants C) Chargaff's rule D) The discovery of DNA structure
A) Phoebus Levene B) Francis Crick C) James Watson D) Erwin Chargaff
A) Chemistry, engineering, and philosophy B) Genetics, biochemistry, physics, mathematics, and computer science (bioinformatics) C) Biology, geology, and meteorology D) Physics, chemistry, and astronomy
A) Francis Crick B) James Watson C) Gregor Mendel D) Frederick Griffith
A) 1944 B) 1953 C) 1928 D) 1905
A) Mutation B) Vertical gene transfer C) Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) D) Genetic recombination
A) It lacks genetic material. B) Its polysaccharide capsule prevents recognition by the host's immune system. C) It produces toxins that kill the host. D) It has a rough colony appearance.
A) Using mass spectrometry. B) Through electron microscopy. C) Via radioactivity or fluorescence. D) By measuring pH changes.
A) Site-directed mutagenesis using PCR B) Transformation C) Transfection D) Gel electrophoresis
A) 465 nm B) 700 nm C) 595 nm D) 620 nm
A) Conjugation B) Transfection C) Transformation D) Transduction
A) 20–25 nucleotides. B) 30–40 nucleotides. C) 50–100 nucleotides. D) 5–10 nucleotides.
A) Kitchen blender B) Spectrophotometer C) Microscope D) Centrifuge
A) Semiconservative replication B) Conservative replication C) Dispersive replication D) Non-conservative replication
A) Western blotting B) Northern blotting C) Microarrays D) Eastern blotting
A) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) B) Gel electrophoresis C) Transfection D) Molecular cloning
A) Transduction B) Replication C) Conjugation D) Transformation
A) Transduction B) Conjugation C) Transformation D) Transfection
A) Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) B) Molecular cloning C) Gel electrophoresis D) Standard PCR
A) Different types B) No antigens C) Only one common type D) The same type
A) ~50 micrometre diameter B) ~500 micrometre diameter C) ~200 micrometre diameter D) ~100 micrometre diameter
A) 2D gel electrophoresis B) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis C) Agarose gel electrophoresis D) SDS-PAGE
A) Focusing on chemical substances in living organisms. B) Studying biomolecules 'from the ground up'. C) Predicting genetic mutations. D) Using computer science techniques.
A) Radioactive phosphorus B) Radioactive hydrogen C) Radioactive carbon D) Radioactive sulfur
A) SYBR Green B) Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 C) Ethidium bromide D) Methylene blue
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae B) Bacteriophage C) Salmonella typhimurium D) Escherichia coli
A) Nylon membranes B) Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) C) Silicon chips D) Nitrocellulose
A) Gel electrophoresis B) Standard PCR C) Quantitative PCR D) Molecular cloning
A) Strong alkaline buffering agents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) B) Magnesium chloride C) Ethanol D) Proteins
A) Chromatography B) Electrophoresis C) Capillary action D) Centrifugation
A) 1960s B) 1980s C) 1970s D) 1990s
A) X-ray crystallography. B) Viscometry. C) Chromatography. D) Gel electrophoresis.
A) Patricia Thomas B) Edwin Southern C) Marion M. Bradford D) Kary Mullis
A) Eastern blotting B) Western blotting C) Northern blotting D) Microarrays
A) Microarray spot analysis. B) Chemiluminescence C) DNA hybridization. D) RNA electrophoresis.
A) Northern blotting analyzes RNA, while western blotting analyzes proteins. B) Western blotting detects post-translational modifications. C) Northern blotting is used for gene expression profiling. D) Northern blotting uses antibodies, while western blotting does not.
A) Silicon chips B) Nylon C) Nitrocellulose D) Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) |