A) 2.0 B) 1.5 C) 2.5 D) 1.0
A) Three times B) Five times C) Two times D) Ten times
A) Eight times B) Two times C) Five times D) Ten times
A) Risk of vitamin K deficiency B) Risk of INR fluctuation C) High risk of stent thrombosis D) Risk of internal hemorrhage
A) Vitamin K B) Fresh frozen plasma C) Prothrombin complex concentrates D) Recombinant factor VIIa
A) Slow onset of action B) High cost of treatment C) High risk of infection D) High risk of thromboembolism
A) To avoid liver damage B) To prevent allergic reactions C) To improve INR stability D) To reduce the time for rewarfarinisation
A) Prothrombin complex concentrates B) Fresh frozen plasma C) Vitamin K D) Activated charcoal
A) 10% to 20% B) 20% to 30% C) 5% to 10% D) 1% to 3%
A) 200,000 B) 327,000 C) 400,000 D) 301,000
A) 20% B) 30% C) 80% D) 40%
A) 70% B) 50% C) 20% D) 40%
A) 80% B) 70% C) 20% D) 40%
A) Sharing food utensils B) Airborne droplets C) Mosquito bites D) Direct skin contact
A) Elimination of sugar from diets B) Increased smoking cessation C) New effective acid suppressants D) Widespread vaccination
A) Increased intake of vitamin K B) Increased use of anticoagulants C) Higher reliance on warfarin D) Rational use of NSAIDs
A) More effective at preventing thromboembolism B) Easier to reverse with vitamin K C) Cheaper in cost D) Fewer interactions with food
A) Duodenal ulcer B) Gastric ulcer C) Esophageal ulcer D) Meckel's diverticulum ulcer
A) Type I B) Type II C) Type III D) Type V
A) Perpendicular with no surrounding inflammation B) Irregular with elevated borders C) Smooth with no elevation D) Regular with elevated borders
A) Granuloma, fibrous tissue, necrotic debris, and mucus B) Fibrinoid necrosis, inflammatory exudate, granulation tissue, and fibrous tissue C) Epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves D) Fibrin, collagen, epithelial cells, and inflammatory exudate
A) H2 antagonist B) Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) C) Aspirin D) Misoprostol
A) It promotes abortion and causes gastrointestinal distress B) It is ineffective against gastric ulcers C) It has high cardiovascular risks D) It interacts negatively with proton pump inhibitors
A) Immediate surgery B) Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy C) Increased dosage of amoxicillin D) Triple regimen therapy
A) 70% B) 60% C) 80% D) 90%
A) Type I B) Type II C) Type III D) Type IV
A) Epithelium and basement membrane B) Serosa and muscularis propria C) Submucosa and adventitia D) Muscularis mucosae and lamina propria
A) Ibuprofen with PPI B) Naproxen with PPI C) Celecoxib with misoprostol D) Aspirin with H2 antagonist
A) It decreases B) It increases C) It stays the same D) It drops below 50%
A) Irregular B) Smooth C) Perpendicular D) Elevated and regular
A) Increased appetite B) Catastrophic consequences C) Immediate healing D) Chronic constipation
A) Systemic hypoglycemia B) Acute chemical peritonitis C) Viral gastroenteritis D) Pulmonary embolism
A) Blurred vision B) High fever C) Severe diarrhea D) Sudden intense abdominal pain
A) Zollinger-Ellison syndrome B) Cushing's syndrome C) Conn's syndrome D) Valentino's syndrome
A) 50% B) 10% C) 5% D) 20%
A) The spread of bacteria to the lungs B) A narrowing of the pyloric canal C) The thickening of the stomach wall D) A hole leading into adjacent organs
A) Peritonitis B) Stenosis C) Hyperchlorhydria D) Metaplasia
A) High fever B) Severe vomiting C) Severe constipation D) Internal bleeding
A) Biopsies B) Physical examination C) Blood tests D) Stool culture
A) Amylase B) Lipase C) Pepsin D) Urease
A) BabA B) Insulin C) Glucagon D) Cortisol
A) PicB B) VacA C) CagA D) OipA
A) Lack of stomach acid B) Viral infection C) An acidic environment D) An alkaline environment
A) CagA B) TNF C) BabA D) IL1B
A) The stomach B) The esophagus C) The small intestine D) The gallbladder
A) Helicobacter pylori infection B) Chronic dehydration C) Lack of physical exercise D) Excessive intake of spicy foods
A) Liver function test B) MRI scan C) Urine analysis D) Urea breath test
A) For all gastric ulcer cases B) As the first line of treatment C) Only in elderly patients D) When endoscopic treatment is unsuccessful
A) They neutralize stomach acid B) They can cause or worsen ulcers C) They help heal the stomach lining D) They kill H. pylori bacteria
A) Children B) Older people C) Teenagers D) Young adults
A) Heartburn B) Nausea C) Waterbrash D) Belching
A) Lipoxygenase B) COX-2 C) COX-1 D) Pepsinogen
A) Physiological stress from serious health problems B) High caffeine intake C) Excessive spice consumption D) Chronic psychological stress
A) Barium contrast x-ray B) Stool antigen test C) Blood antibody test D) Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
A) Free gas underneath the diaphragm B) Presence of H. pylori colonies C) Enlargement of the stomach lining D) Increased blood flow to the stomach
A) Antibiotics B) Proton-pump inhibitors C) Antacids D) Anticoagulants
A) Hydrochloric acid B) Barium sulfate C) Nitrogen gas D) Radioactive carbon
A) Over age 45 B) Over age 18 C) Over age 60 D) Over age 30
A) Adenocarcinoma B) Gastrinoma C) Carcinoid D) Lymphoma
A) A highly accurate result B) A false positive result C) Severe allergic reaction D) A false negative result
A) Exactly 10 g/dL B) Less than 5 g/dL C) Greater than 12 g/dL D) Greater than 7 g/dL
A) Child-Pugh score B) Glasgow-Blatchford score C) MELD score D) APACHE II score
A) Crystalloids B) Prokinetic agents C) Antacids D) Antifibrinolytics
A) 40 mg bolus followed by 4 mg per hour B) 80 mg bolus followed by 8 mg per hour C) 100 mg bolus followed by 10 mg per hour D) 20 mg bolus followed by 2 mg per hour
A) 48 hours B) 24 hours C) 72 hours D) 96 hours
A) Oral PPIs B) Antifibrinolytic agents C) Tranexamic acid D) Cautery
A) 1984 B) 1982 C) 1997 D) 1958
A) Halitosis B) Nausea C) Severe abdominal pain D) Vomiting
A) Journal of Molecular Biology B) New England Medical Journal C) Australian Medical Journal D) Karolinska Medical Review
A) 1997 B) 1984 C) 2005 D) 1998
A) Stockholm, Sweden B) Atlanta, Georgia C) Athens, Greece D) UWA in Perth, Western Australia
A) Mastic gum B) A petri dish culture C) Antibiotics D) Spicy food extracts
A) Immediate elimination B) High effectiveness C) Moderate improvement D) No effect
A) Gastroenterologist B) Nobel Laureate C) General practitioner D) Microbiologist |