A) Herbert Spencer B) Charles Darwin C) Alexander Oparin D) Stanley Miller
A) 1924 B) 1864 C) 1871 D) 1952
A) A lipid bilayer B) A carbohydrate chain C) A nucleic acid D) A protein compound
A) Temperatures are too high today B) There is too much oxygen present today C) Ultraviolet radiation destroys it today D) Present-day living creatures would devour or absorb it
A) Alexander Oparin and J. B. S. Haldane B) Stanley Miller and Harold Urey C) J. D. Bernal and Joseph Hooker D) Herbert Spencer and William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
A) Molten lava and sulfur B) A concentrated ammonia solution C) A hot dilute soup D) Pure liquid methane
A) Joseph Hooker B) J. D. Bernal C) Herbert Spencer D) Harold Urey
A) Three B) Five C) Four D) Two
A) The origin of biological polymers B) The formation of the primitive atmosphere C) The evolution from molecules to cells D) The origin of biological monomers
A) The origin of biological polymers B) The evolution from molecules to cells C) The condensation of gas clouds D) The origin of biological monomers
A) The origin of biological monomers B) The origin of biological polymers C) The evolution from molecules to cells D) The creation of stellar nucleosynthesis
A) 1952 B) 1967 C) 1924 D) 1871
A) Magnetic pulses B) An electric current C) Intense heat D) Ultraviolet radiation
A) Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and helium B) Methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor C) Hydrogen, oxygen, and ozone D) Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and neon
A) Phospholipids B) Nucleotides C) Monosaccharides D) Amino acids
A) The existence of modern prokaryotic cells B) A massive presence of atmospheric oxygen C) The complete absence of water vapor D) A physical-chemical explanation for sources and sinks for free energy
A) Weakly reducing or neutral B) Extremely oxygen-rich C) Completely oxidizing D) Frozen and solid
A) Iron and carbonate minerals B) Phosphoric salts and sulfur C) Lithium and helium D) Ammonia and methane gas
A) Volcanic craters and shallow freshwater lakes B) Stratospheric clouds and subterranean caves C) Outer space and deep-sea hydrothermal vents D) Desert sand dunes and glacial ice sheets
A) 4.6 billion years ago (4.6 Gya) B) 14 billion years ago (14 Gya) C) 20 billion years ago D) 1.8 billion years ago
A) Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen B) Hydrogen, helium, and lithium C) Iron, nickel, and silicon D) Sodium, potassium, and calcium
A) Through sudden chemical reactions in primordial soup B) Gravitational accretion at the hot and dense centers of rotating protostellar disks C) By volcanic eruptions on early planets D) Via the cooling of liquid water oceans
A) Photosynthesis B) Radioactive decay C) Planetary accretion D) Stellar nucleosynthesis
A) Hydrogen-1 B) Lithium-7 C) Iron-56 D) Carbon-12
A) Inside white dwarf stars B) During supernovas at the end of a star's lifecycle C) During the nebular condensation of the Sun D) During the Big Bang itself
A) Carbon B) Hydrogen C) Oxygen D) Iron
A) Red supergiant stars B) Neutron stars C) Protostars D) White dwarf stars
A) The activity of deep-sea hydrothermal vents B) Electric currents passing through ammonia C) The cooling of pure hydrogen gas clouds D) Ejection of heavier elements like carbon and oxygen by white dwarf stars
A) 14 Gya B) 4.6 Gya C) 10 Gya D) 1.8 Gya
A) The sudden cooling of the primordial soup B) A massive supernova explosion nearby C) Gravitational collapse of part of a giant molecular cloud D) The fusion of lithium and helium in open space
A) The Earth B) A white dwarf C) Jupiter D) The Sun
A) A stellar nursery B) A protoplanetary disk C) A warm little pond D) A primordial ocean
A) Metabolic reactions and cellular self-assembly. B) The translation of RNA into functional proteins. C) Constant energy consumption and growth. D) Reproduction with heritable variations.
A) Last unicellular common assemblage. B) Longest universal common ancestor. C) Latest universal cellular assembler. D) Last universal common ancestor.
A) A multicellular marine plant. B) A single-celled organism. C) A complex anaerobic animal. D) A free-floating viral cluster.
A) Glycolysis. B) The Calvin cycle. C) The Wood–Ljungdahl metabolic pathway. D) The Krebs cycle.
A) ATP synthase. B) DNA polymerase. C) Aminoacyl transferase. D) RNA ribozyme.
A) No B) Yes C) Only in extraterrestrial environments D) Only in artificial laboratory simulations
A) Prebiotic synthesis. B) DNA replication. C) Aerobic respiration. D) Biological evolution.
A) Impossible to track. B) Disputed in detail. C) Readily understood. D) Completely mysterious.
A) Astrobiology. B) Biochemistry. C) Paleontology. D) Geology.
A) How all these chemicals came into being. B) How modern DNA polymerase replicates without errors. C) Why other planets lack liquid water. D) How multicellular animals evolved from plants.
A) Biopoiesis B) Abiogenesis is the only term C) Cytogenesis D) Biosynthesis
A) Nucleic acids B) Amino acids C) Carbohydrates D) Lipids
A) 1000 B) 60 C) 355 D) 12
A) 355 B) 5000 C) 60 D) 100
A) Western Australia B) Greenland C) Quebec D) South Africa
A) 17th century B) 18th century C) 19th century D) 20th century
A) Thomas Browne B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek C) Robert Hooke D) Francesco Redi
A) Mammalian organs B) Microorganisms C) Fossils D) Plant roots
A) 1680s B) 1660s C) 1700s D) 1650s
A) Francesco Redi B) Thomas Browne C) Robert Hooke D) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
A) Pseudodoxia Epidemica B) Origin of Species C) Principia Mathematica D) Micrographia
A) Robert Hooke B) Thomas Browne C) Francesco Redi D) Anaxagoras
A) Panspermia B) Abiogenesis C) Evolution D) Spontaneous generation
A) Francesco Redi B) Thomas Browne C) Anaxagoras D) Aristotle
A) Mars B) Venus C) Saturn D) Jupiter
A) Hadean B) Archean C) Phanerozoic D) Proterozoic
A) Theia B) Imbrium C) T Tauri D) Narryer
A) The liquid oceans B) The primary atmosphere C) The magnetic field D) The continental crust
A) 5.5 B) 7.0 C) 4.0 D) 8.2
A) A gigantic, productive outdoor chemical laboratory B) A calm, neutral layer of inert gases C) A sterile, frozen expanse of ice and rock D) A highly oxygenated greenhouse environment
A) T Tauri stage B) Supernova stage C) Main sequence stage D) Red giant stage
A) Moon-forming impact hypothesis B) Primary atmosphere accretion hypothesis C) Late Heavy Bombardment hypothesis D) Abiotic chemistry hypothesis
A) Exactly five meters B) Less than one meter C) More than ten meters D) More than one hundred meters
A) 200–250 °C B) 20–40 °C C) 0–10 °C D) 100–150 °C
A) Advanced cellular fossilization B) Abiotic processes in silica-rich waters C) Photosynthetic oxidation by cyanobacteria D) Rapid biological evolution
A) Northern Quebec B) Akilia Island, southwestern Greenland C) Western Australia D) Jack Hills
A) Pyrite crystals B) Zircon crystals C) Quartz crystals D) Garnet crystals
A) Jack Hills zircons B) Dresser Formation stromatolites C) Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt microbialites D) Isua supracrustal belt garnet crystals
A) Microbialites B) Banded iron formations C) Silica-rich chemical gardens D) Stromatolites
A) Cyanobacteria B) Hydrothermal vent bacteria C) Deep-sea archaea D) Fungi and lichens
A) Abiotic precipitation B) Stellar nucleosynthesis C) Molecular clocking D) Pseudo-panspermia
A) Magnetic fields B) Solar flares C) Extreme cold D) Ionizing radiation
A) Guanine B) Ribose C) Methionine D) Glucose
A) Leucine B) Alanine C) Valine D) Glycine
A) 40,000 tons B) 5 million tons C) 1,000 tons D) 10 million tons
A) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons B) Amino acids C) Water molecules D) Nucleotides
A) Shortly after the Big Bang B) During the formation of the Earth C) Just before the formation of the solar system D) In the last billion years
A) Proxima Centauri B) Alpha Centauri C) Betelgeuse D) HH 46-IR
A) Photosynthesis B) Evaporation C) Hydrogenation D) Sublimation
A) Radioactive decay B) Extreme temperature C) Peculiar surface-catalytic activities D) High magnetic charge
A) Its magnetic properties B) Its bright green color C) 12C/13C isotopic ratios D) Its heavy molecular weight
A) Sucrose B) Glycolaldehyde C) Galactose D) Fructose
A) 1950s B) 1920s C) 1960s D) 1860s
A) Breslow experiment B) Oró experiment C) Butlerov experiment D) Miller–Urey experiment
A) 40 B) 30 C) 10 D) 20
A) Cyanide B) Formaldehyde C) Formamide D) Ammonia
A) Calcium B) Iron C) Sodium D) Magnesium
A) 1953 B) 1959 C) 1861 D) 1965
A) Formamide B) Purine C) Pyrimidine D) Formaldehyde
A) Cyanoacetylene B) Ammonia C) Formaldehyde D) Hydrogen cyanide
A) Boiling temperatures B) Freezing temperatures C) High vacuum D) Intense ultraviolet radiation
A) Thermal expansion B) Crystallization C) Eutectic freezing D) Sublimation
A) Their evaporation B) Their polymerization C) Their hydrolysis D) Their oxidation
A) They destroy amino acids instantly B) They only work in a vacuum C) They also catalyze peptide hydrolysis D) They require extremely high pressure
A) Ethanol B) Glucose C) Methane D) Cyanamide
A) Hydrogen sulfide B) Sulfuric acid C) Carbonyl sulfide D) Sulphur hexafluoride
A) 2024 B) 2019 C) 2021 D) 2023
A) Directly synthesizing DNA B) Generating atmospheric oxygen C) Producing free fatty acids D) Concentrating prebiotically relevant building blocks |