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2ND_QUARTER_MARCIANO_EARTH SCI_STEM11 - Quiz
Contributed by: Marciano
  • 1. The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces is called
A) Weathering
B) Deposition
C) Erosion
D) Sedimentation
  • 2. Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A) Frost wedging
B) Carbonation
C) Hydrolysis
D) Oxidation
  • 3. The breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with oxygen is called
A) Dissolution
B) Hydration
C) Oxidation
D) Carbonation
  • 4. The peeling off of outer rock layers due to temperature changes is
A) Abrasion
B) Exfoliation
C) Frost wedging
D) Dissolution
  • 5. The process of dissolving minerals in water is called
A) Abrasion
B) Oxidation
C) Dissolution
D) Hydrolysis
  • 6. The type of weathering that changes rock composition is
A) Chemical
B) Mechanical
C) Physical
D) Biological
  • 7. The Earth’s temperature increases with
A) Latitude
B) Depth
C) Distance from core
D) Altitude
  • 8. Earth’s internal heat drives
A) Rain formation
B) Wind systems
C) Erosion
D) Mantle convection and plate movement
  • 9. The process by which rocks change due to heat and pressure is
A) Weathering
B) Sedimentation
C) Metamorphism
D) Melting
  • 10. Which is NOT a factor of metamorphism?
A) Solar radiation
B) Pressure
C) Chemical activity
D) Heat
  • 11. The force applied per unit area on rocks is called
A) Strain
B) Stress
C) Fault
D) Fold
  • 12. The stress that squeezes rocks together is
A) Compression
B) Shear
C) Friction
D) Tension
  • 13. The stress that pulls materials apart is
A) Shear
B) Pressure
C) Compressional
D) Tensional
  • 14. The bending of rock layers without breaking is
A) Fracturing
B) Faulting
C) Cracking
D) Folding
  • 15. The crack where rocks move past each other is a
A) Foliation
B) Fault
C) Joint
D) Fold
  • 16. When rocks slide horizontally, it’s caused by
A) Tension stress
B) Shear
C) Compression
D) Heat
  • 17. The idea that new ocean floor is formed at mid-ocean ridges is
A) Seafloor spreading
B) Plate tectonics
C) Continental drift
D) Subduction
  • 18. Who proposed the seafloor spreading hypothesis?
A) Arthur Holmes
B) Alfred Wegener
C) Harry Hess
D) James Hutton
  • 19. The age of ocean rocks increases as you move
A) Randomly
B) Toward the ridge
C) Toward the trench
D) Away from the ridge
  • 20. Evidence for seafloor spreading includes
A) Ocean currents
B) Fossil evidence
C) Volcanoes only
D) Magnetic patterns and rock ages
  • 21. The boundary where seafloor spreading occurs is
A) Divergent
B) Convergent
C) Transform
D) Neutral
  • 22. The molten material that creates new oceanic crust comes from
A) Mantle magma
B) Outer core
C) Crustal rock
D) Asthenosphere gases
  • 23. As the seafloor spreads, continents
A) Move apart
B) Stay fixed
C) Sink
D) Move together
  • 24. The youngest rocks on the seafloor are found
A) On continents
B) In subduction zones
C) Near the ridge
D) Near the trench
  • 25. Which technology helped discover seafloor spreading?
A) Telescope
B) Sonar mapping
C) Microscope
D) Satellite
  • 26. The weathering process accelerated by plants and animals is
A) Hydrolysis
B) Carbonation
C) Dissolution
D) Biological weathering
  • 27. The seafloor spreading theory helped explain
A) Earthquakes
B) Climate change
C) Soil erosion
D) Plate tectonics
  • 28. Which factor does NOT affect rock deformation?
A) Time
B) Temperature
C) Pressure
D) Color
  • 29. Metamorphism literally means
A) Melting of magma
B) Change in form
C) Rock destruction
D) Formation of sediments
  • 30. Which feature on Earth’s surface best shows the release of internal heat?
A) Glacier
B) Canyon
C) Mountain ridge
D) Volcano
  • 31. The heat responsible for volcanism originates from
A) Earth’s interior
B) Earth’s rotation
C) Gravitational pull
D) Sunlight
  • 32. The main cause of physical weathering in cold climates is
A) Wind
B) Acid rain
C) Chemical reaction
D) Freezing and thawing of water
  • 33. The main driving mechanism for seafloor spreading is
A) Wind pressure
B) Ocean waves
C) Gravitational pull
D) Convection currents in the mantle
  • 34. The rocks found near deep-ocean trenches are
A) Recently formed
B) The same age as ridge rocks
C) Younger
D) Older
  • 35. Magnetic reversals on the ocean floor are recorded as
A) Vertical fractures
B) Randomly oriented bands
C) Circular patterns
D) Stripes parallel to the ridges
  • 36. A granite rock exposed to alternating hot days and cool nights starts to crack and peel. What process is happening?
A) Physical weathering by abrasion
B) Chemical weathering by oxidation
C) Chemical weathering by hydrolysis
D) Physical weathering by exfoliation
  • 37. Rocks in a cold mountain region show cracks filled with ice in winter. What will most likely happen over time?
A) Ice will protect the rock from erosion
B) Cracks will close as ice melts
C) Ice will form new minerals
D) Repeated freezing will widen cracks
  • 38. A marble floor turns dull after years of contact with acidic cleaning agents. What type of weathering occurred?
A) Mechanical
B) Biological
C) Physical
D) Chemical
  • 39. If limestone turns into marble, what likely caused it?
A) Erosion by water
B) Intense heat and pressure
C) Sediment compaction
D) Chemical weathering
  • 40. A scientist observes symmetrical magnetic stripes on both sides of a mid-ocean ridge. What can she conclude?
A) The magnetic field is constant
B) The ocean floor is ancient
C) The ridge is inactive
D) Seafloor spreading is occurring
  • 41. Which real-life application of seafloor spreading theory helps predict natural hazards?
A) Predicting rainfall patterns
B) Estimating population growth
C) Identifying active earthquake zones
D) Locating mineral deposits
  • 42. Older oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust because it is
A) Hotter and less dense
B) Thicker and buoyant
C) Lighter and younger
D) Cooler and denser
  • 43. A plant’s roots split apart a concrete wall. What type of weathering and stress caused this?
A) Chemical and hydrolysis
B) Physical and biological
C) Abrasion and mechanical
D) Thermal and exfoliation
  • 44. Acidic groundwater causes underground limestone to dissolve, forming a sinkhole. This is an example of
A) Chemical weathering and dissolution
B) Carbonation and erosion
C) Oxidation
D) Physical abrasion
  • 45. Why does magma tend to rise toward Earth’s surface?
A) It contracts as it cools.
B) It is less dense than surrounding rock.
C) It is cooler and heavier.
D) It is denser than surrounding rock.
  • 46. Two samples of granite weather differently, one exposed on a mountaintop, another in a humid valley. Which best explains this?
A) Temperature and moisture affect weathering rate.
B) Gravity slows weathering in lowlands.
C) Rock composition varies with altitude.
D) Both samples weather equally.
  • 47. A city engineer observes cracks in a mountain road caused by plant roots. What solution addresses the cause?
A) Trim vegetation near road edges
B) Cover surface with asphalt
C) Spray water regularly
D) Apply more concrete
  • 48. If two continental plates collide, what major structure will form?
A) Mountain range
B) Subduction zone
C) Ocean trench
D) Rift valley
  • 49. If the rate of seafloor spreading increases, what is the long-term effect?
A) The ocean floor cools faster.
B) Continents converge.
C) Ocean basins widen faster.
D) Subduction slows down.
  • 50. Scientists detect that the Atlantic Ocean floor is widening by 3 cm/year. What does this reveal about plate motion?
A) Subduction occurs at the ridge.
B) The process has stopped.
C) Earth’s crust is shrinking.
D) Plates move apart slowly but continuously.
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