A) After birth B) Before neurulation C) During the formation of the stratum corneum D) After neurulation
A) Cornified B) Two-layered C) Three-layered D) One-layered
A) Stratum germinativum B) Stratum corneum C) Embryonic periderm D) Stratum spinosum
A) Stratum germinativum B) Embryonic periderm C) Malpighian layer D) Stratum granulosum
A) Stratum corneum B) Stratum spinosum C) Stratum granulosum D) Embryonic periderm
A) Cornified layer B) Malpighian layer C) Granular layer D) Periderm
A) Gregor Mendel B) Marcello Malpighi C) Louis Pasteur D) Robert Hooke
A) Stratum granulosum B) Embryonic periderm C) Dermal layer D) Stratum corneum
A) Only after birth B) No C) Only during stress D) Yes
A) Keratinocytes B) Fibroblasts C) Periderm cells D) Glucocorticoids
A) Stratum germinativum B) Stratum corneum C) Stratum granulosum D) Stratum spinosum
A) Round spheres B) Elongated fibers C) Cube-shaped D) Flattened sacks
A) In the exact center B) Scattered throughout C) At one end of the cell D) They have no nuclei
A) 10 – 20 milligrams B) 1 – 5 grams C) 30 – 90 milligrams D) 100 – 200 milligrams
A) 0.01 - 0.05 grams B) 0.720 - 2.16 grams C) 5.0 - 10.0 grams D) 20.0 - 50.0 grams
A) Autocrine growth factor B) Paracrine growth factor C) Inhibitory growth factor D) Endocrine growth factor
A) Stop cell division B) Produce keratin granules C) Stimulate their own division D) Regulate dermal fibroblasts
A) TGFβ B) TGFα C) FGF7 D) FGF2
A) Autocrine growth factor B) Hormonal factor C) Paracrine growth factor D) Endocrine growth factor
A) Stratum corneum B) Stratum granulosum C) Embryonic periderm D) Underlying dermal fibroblasts
A) Shedding of skin flakes B) Proliferation of basal cells C) Production of sweat D) Hydration of the stratum corneum
A) Autocrine growth factors B) Loose fat deposits C) High water content D) Cytoskeletal proteins linked to cell-cell junctions
A) High external humidity B) Loose cellular junctions C) Glucocorticoids D) Highly organized lipids, acids, hydrolytic enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides
A) Physical barrier B) Non-pathogenic microorganisms C) Chemical barrier D) Immunologically active barrier
A) It remains constant B) It drops C) It increases D) It fluctuates wildly
A) 5.0 B) 3.0 C) 9.0 D) 7.0
A) By breaking down keratinocytes B) By competing for food and producing inhibitory chemical secretions C) By increasing skin pH D) By absorbing UV light
A) Insulin B) Glucocorticoids C) Adrenaline D) Thyroxine
A) It has no effect B) It strengthens it C) It increases cell division D) It compromises it
A) Sudden and large shifts in humidity B) Gradual temperature drops C) Exposure to UV light D) Changes in atmospheric pressure
A) Bone fractures B) Minor injury C) Internal organ failure D) Severe trauma
A) X-rays B) Radio waves C) UV light D) Infrared heat
A) Epidermis B) Hypodermis C) Basement membrane D) Dermis
A) 596.6 μm B) 1000 μm C) 31.2 μm D) 90 μm
A) Simple squamous epithelium B) Pseudostratified epithelium C) Stratified squamous epithelium D) Simple columnar epithelium
A) Diffused oxygen from surrounding air B) Arterioles and venules C) Blood capillaries inside the layer D) Dermal blood vessels via direct contact
A) Keratins B) Corneodesmosomes C) Cadherins D) Melanocytes
A) About 2 layers B) About 5 layers C) About 50 layers D) About 15 layers
A) Rete ridges B) Lamellar bodies C) Basement membrane D) Plasma membrane
A) Rete ridges B) Cadherins C) Corneodesmosomes D) Hemidesmosomes
A) They move inward B) They remain stationary C) They are displaced outward D) They divide into stem cells
A) Loss exceeds production B) Production exceeds loss C) They are completely independent D) Production equals loss
A) An additional four weeks B) About 48 days C) About two weeks D) A few hours
A) A temperature gradient B) A calcium gradient C) A sodium gradient D) A protein concentration gradient
A) The rate of cell division B) The calcium gradient C) The secretion of melanin D) The shedding of squamous sheets
A) Blood plasma proteins B) Keratin filaments C) Extracellular melanin D) Intracellular stores
A) Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor B) Voltage-gated potassium receptor C) Light-sensitive photoreceptor D) Intracellular sodium receptor
A) Biopsy B) Corneometry C) Melanometry D) Keratometry
A) Stratum corneum B) Merkel cells C) Melanocytes D) Keratinocytes
A) Into lipid barriers B) Into melanin pigments C) Into chemical gradients D) Into electrical signals
A) Thickening of the stratum corneum only B) A benign condition simulating squamous cell carcinoma C) Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia D) A localized lack of melanocytes
A) Irregular squamous strands extending down into the dermis B) A localized thickening of the stratum corneum C) Multiple white to pinkish papules in the oral cavity D) A black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmented acanthosis
A) Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia B) Heck's disease C) Acanthosis nigricans D) Squamous cell carcinoma
A) Heck's disease B) Acanthosis nigricans C) Diffuse acanthosis D) Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
A) Only after UV exposure B) Only in white and Asian skin C) Yes D) No |