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Anti-authoritarianism - Quiz
Contributed by: Regan
  • 1. In which decade did Erich Fromm begin investigating authoritarian and anti-authoritarian sentiments?
A) 1930s
B) 1920s
C) 1950s
D) 1940s
  • 2. Which German sociologist began investigating authoritarian and anti-authoritarian sentiments in the Weimar Republic?
A) Benjamin Spock
B) Jose Meloen
C) Erich Fromm
D) Theodor W. Adorno
  • 3. When did Fromm's Frankfurt School begin developing an interest in resistance to authority?
A) 1930s
B) 1950s
C) 1920s
D) 1970s
  • 4. Through the lens of what political concept did the Frankfurt School initially consider resistance to authority in the 1930s?
A) Fascist ideology
B) Laissez-faire parenting
C) Revolutionary politics
D) Bourgeois democracy
  • 5. Who published the book The Authoritarian Personality in 1950?
A) Theodor W. Adorno
B) Benjamin Spock
C) Jose Meloen
D) Erich Fromm
  • 6. According to Adorno's study, what were anti-authoritarian individuals referred to as?
A) Low-scorers
B) High-scorers
C) Autocrats
D) Totalitarians
  • 7. Which of the following are anti-authoritarian 'low-scorers' opposed to?
A) Individual autonomy and critical thinking
B) Laissez-faire parenting approaches
C) Hierarchy, injustice, autocracy and totalitarianism
D) Conscientious objection and protests
  • 8. How many broad types did Adorno categorise anti-authoritarians into?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Six
D) Four
  • 9. Which anti-authoritarian type displayed a strong sense of autonomy, critical thinking capacity, and moral courage?
A) Genuine liberal
B) Impulsive low-scorers
C) Protesting low-scorers
D) Rigid low-scorers
  • 10. Which anti-authoritarian type had a dogmatic and superficial understanding of left-wing politics?
A) Genuine liberal
B) Impulsive low-scorers
C) Easygoing low-scorers
D) Rigid low-scorers
  • 11. Which anti-authoritarian type rarely took action in accordance with their ideas due to psychological problems?
A) Genuine liberal
B) Impulsive low-scorers
C) Rigid low-scorers
D) Protesting low-scorers
  • 12. Which anti-authoritarian type was unable to maintain a stable political ideology?
A) Impulsive low-scorers
B) Easygoing low-scorers
C) Rigid low-scorers
D) Protesting low-scorers
  • 13. Which anti-authoritarian type preferred to focus on improving their individual situation rather than participating in social action?
A) Easygoing low-scorers
B) Protesting low-scorers
C) Genuine liberal
D) Impulsive low-scorers
  • 14. Who used the term 'anti-authoritarianism' to describe a laissez-faire approach to parenting?
A) Erich Fromm
B) Theodor W. Adorno
C) Jose Meloen
D) Benjamin Spock
  • 15. Which psychologists conducted a 1972 study finding that agreement with anti-authoritarian statements was negatively correlated with socioeconomic status?
A) Theodor W. Adorno and colleagues
B) J. Martin and J. Ray
C) Jose Meloen and colleagues
D) Erich Fromm and Frankfurt School members
  • 16. According to the 1972 study by J. Martin and J. Ray, agreement with anti-authoritarian statements was positively correlated with indicators of what?
A) Socioeconomic status
B) Neuroticism
C) Higher education
D) Conservative politics
  • 17. Which South African psychologist conducted a 1991 study on anti-authoritarian activism and education levels?
A) J. Ray
B) Jose Meloen
C) Theodor W. Adorno
D) Benjamin Spock
  • 18. According to Jose Meloen's 1991 study, how many times more likely were anti-authoritarians than authoritarians to engage in activism?
A) Nine times
B) Two times
C) Twenty times
D) Five times
  • 19. According to Jose Meloen's 1991 study, higher levels of education correlated with what?
A) Lower degrees of anti-authoritarianism
B) Higher degrees of anti-authoritarianism
C) Higher levels of neuroticism
D) Increased socioeconomic status only
  • 20. What did Meloen find regarding authoritarian engagement in anti-authoritarian behaviour?
A) It was inconsistent and often isolated to individual situations
B) It was completely non-existent
C) It was consistent and widespread
D) It matched the activism levels of genuine liberals
  • 21. What strong sense of anti-authoritarianism emerged in Europe after World War II?
A) Anti-fascism
B) Anti-imperialism
C) Anti-capitalism
D) Anti-globalism
  • 22. What two factors were attributed to the strong post-WWII sense of anti-authoritarianism in Europe?
A) Left-wing dogmatism and psychological problems
B) The rise of the Beat Generation and Vietnam War protests
C) Laissez-faire parenting and high socioeconomic status
D) Active resistance from occupation and fears arising from superpower development
  • 23. Anti-authoritarianism has been associated with countercultural and what other type of movements?
A) Mainstream political parties
B) Authoritarian regimes
C) Bohemian movements
D) Industrial worker unions
  • 24. Which politically radical group in the 1950s had anti-authoritarian attitudes taken up by 1960s activists?
A) The Beat Generation
B) The Weimar Republic workers
C) The Frankfurt School
D) The Hong Kong protesters
  • 25. Opposition to United States involvement in which war was largely led by anti-authoritarians?
A) World War II
B) The Vietnam War
C) The Cold War
D) World War I
  • 26. In addition to participating in anti-war protests, how else did anti-authoritarians largely oppose US involvement in the Vietnam War?
A) Conscientious objection
B) Socioeconomic status reduction
C) Laissez-faire parenting
D) Extradition bills
  • 27. Following what event in 1997 did an anti-authoritarian movement grow in Hong Kong?
A) The publication of The Authoritarian Personality
B) The Vietnam War
C) The handover of Hong Kong
D) The end of World War II
  • 28. The anti-authoritarian movement in Hong Kong grew in response to the increasing power of the government of which country over the region?
A) Germany
B) South Africa
C) United States
D) China
  • 29. What protests culminated the anti-authoritarian movement in Hong Kong during 2019–2020?
A) Protests against a proposed extradition bill
B) Protests against industrial working conditions
C) Protests against laissez-faire parenting
D) Protests against United States involvement in wars
  • 30. What was the eventual outcome of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests against the extradition bill?
A) The Beat Generation took over leadership
B) The government increased its power without resistance
C) The bill was forced to be withdrawn
D) The bill was passed unanimously
  • 31. What do anti-authoritarians typically believe in regarding the law?
A) Judicial supremacy over the state
B) Immunity for government officials
C) Lawlessness and chaos
D) Full equality before the law
  • 32. With which ideology is the term anti-authoritarianism sometimes used interchangeably?
A) Capitalism
B) Technocracy
C) Totalitarianism
D) Anarchism
  • 33. What does analytic philosophy allow the reader to do regarding an author's argument?
A) Censor the author's work
B) Accept all statements as infallible truth
C) Deffer completely to the author's superior education
D) Reject any philosophical argument made by the author
  • 34. When an analytic reader disagrees with an author, how are they entitled to regard the author?
A) As mistaken
B) As an unquestionable authority
C) As a legal criminal
D) As malicious
  • 35. What kind of society do anarchists seek to establish in place of existing institutions?
A) A heavily policed democratic republic
B) A non-coercive or non-authoritarian society
C) An absolute monarchy
D) A centrally planned technocratic society
  • 36. How do anarchists view authority in terms of moral legitimacy?
A) As divinely inspired
B) As lacking in moral legitimacy
C) As morally superior to individuals
D) As essential for moral survival
  • 37. What French anarchist summed up the revolutionary goal of anarchism to be 'no more authority'?
A) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
B) Errico Malatesta
C) Mikhail Bakunin
D) Sébastien Faure
  • 38. Who claimed that everyone who fights against authority is an anarchist?
A) Mikhail Bakunin
B) Hal Draper
C) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
D) Sébastien Faure
  • 39. How did Italian anarchist Errico Malatesta define anarchy?
A) The rule of the strongest individual
B) The complete destruction of human relations
C) A state governed by scientific experts
D) A society organised without authority
  • 40. Which Russian anarchist accepted the methodological authority of science while rejecting political authority?
A) Saul Newman
B) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
C) Mikhail Bakunin
D) Friedrich Engels
  • 41. What did Mikhail Bakunin consider to be the 'sole legitimate authority'?
A) The church
B) Science
C) Parents
D) The state
  • 42. What 1872 essay by Friedrich Engels condemned anarchist anti-authoritarianism?
A) God and the State
B) Mutual Aid
C) The State and Revolution
D) On Authority
  • 43. Whose authority did Friedrich Engels present a justification for in his 1872 essay?
A) An absolute monarch
B) Religious clergy
C) A technocracy
D) The individual sovereign
  • 44. Which American Marxist criticized the anti-authoritarianism of individualist anarchism?
A) Hal Draper
B) Saul Newman
C) John C. Clark
D) Richard T. De George
  • 45. What motivates pragmatist anti-authoritarians according to the text?
A) Establishing absolute objectivity through paternalism
B) Enforcing strict regulations through an external authority figure
C) Constructing a better future for humanity through fraternal cooperation
D) Adhering to the morality of a non-human higher power
  • 46. How are anti-authoritarian ethics developed according to pragmatism?
A) Through biological evolution
B) Through the decrees of a higher power
C) Through cultural inheritance
D) Through strict governmental regulation
  • 47. What does an anti-authoritarian epistemology prioritise?
A) Divine revelation
B) Absolute individualism
C) Supposed objectivity
D) Intersubjectivity
  • 48. Which American philosopher developed an anti-authoritarian philosophy in reaction against his religious education?
A) Charles Sanders Peirce
B) Ralph Waldo Emerson
C) William James
D) John Dewey
  • 49. How did John Dewey believe humans should regulate themselves?
A) Through obedience to a non-human higher power
B) Through democratic cooperation with others
C) Through strict paternalistic rules
D) Through the desires of authority figures
  • 50. What did John Dewey believe authority ought to be replaced with?
A) Obligation
B) Regulation
C) Paternalism
D) Fraternity
  • 51. How were modern technology and liberal democracy established, according to Dewey?
A) Through authoritarian obligation
B) Through fraternal cooperation
C) Through a non-human higher power
D) Through religious paternalism
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