Adivasi - Test
Adivasi
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
B) Tourism and hospitality management
C) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
D) Import and export trade services
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Advanced agricultural machinery
B) Gold and precious stones
C) Salt and iron
D) Electronic goods and technology
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Tribes were forced into urban migration
B) Land was turned into protected national parks
C) The government granted all land back to the tribes
D) Migrants received free land for cultivation
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a strictly inherited private asset
B) As a common resource for whoever needed it
C) As a commodity to be sold for profit
D) As land belonging exclusively to the state
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They moved away to find better jobs
B) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
C) They were prohibited from farming their own land
D) The government seized all land by force
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Land leases
B) Educational scholarships
C) Marriage alliances
D) Government employment quotas
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Decreased interest in tribal territories
B) Government-mandated restoration of land
C) A surge in tribal land ownership
D) Intense land pressure
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Loss through environmental disasters
B) Voluntary donation to the state
C) Exchange for modern technology
D) Debt, bribery, or leases
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
B) Lobby to be classified as tribal
C) Marry into tribal families
D) Convert to tribal religions
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
B) It is highly efficient and swift
C) It restores land directly to tribal elders
D) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) State-run universities
B) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
C) Government administrative centers
D) Large-scale industrial factories
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Cotton or castor-oil plants
B) Tea and coffee
C) Oranges and bananas
D) Wheat and rice
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Government intervention to pay off all debts
B) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
C) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
D) Full cancellation of tribal debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Lack of natural resources
B) Extreme poverty in the region
C) Historically distinct political status and isolation
D) Severe climate conditions
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
B) A ban on all agricultural activities
C) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
D) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) As a strategy to secure the border with China
B) To preserve ancient tribal languages
C) To promote tourism in the region
D) Due to international humanitarian pressure
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Ramji Gond
B) Birsa Munda
C) Rani of Jhansi
D) Tatya Tope
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Halba rebellion
C) Bhumij rebellion
D) Santhal rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Five
B) Ten
C) Seven
D) Three
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Over 2000
B) Exactly 500
C) More than 700
D) Less than 100
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) More than 100
B) Exactly 500
C) Exactly 50
D) Less than 20
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Birsa Munda
B) Laxman Naik
C) Tatya Tope
D) Ramji Gond
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Romance
B) Slavic
C) Semitic
D) Austro-Asiatic
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1910
B) 1776
C) 1856–57
D) 1817
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
B) Temsula Ao
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Visakhapatnam district
B) Khurda
C) Banswara
D) Adilabad
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Bengal
B) Banswara
C) Adilabad
D) Odisha
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Koli revolt
B) Kol rebellion
C) Bhumkal
D) Maria rebellion
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Ramji Gond
B) Laxman Naik
C) Bangaru Devi
D) Jantya Bhil
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Sino-Tibetan
B) Latin
C) Arabic
D) Greek
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) A Gond Raja
B) Valmiki
C) Bharmal
D) Bada Meena
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 26.2%
B) 90%
C) 8.6%
D) 1.1%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Ethnic minority
B) Nomadic tribes
C) Animist groups
D) Scheduled Tribes
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Dravidian
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Munda
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Bhils
B) Gonds
C) Santals
D) Hos
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Sarnaist
B) Dravidian
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Tibeto-Burman
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Hinduism
B) Buddhism
C) Christianity
D) Sarnaism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Christianity
B) Animism
C) Hinduism
D) Buddhism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Tea workers
B) Nomadic herding
C) Mining
D) Rice farming
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Roughly 75%
B) More than 90%
C) Around 20%
D) Around 10%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Boyas/Valmikis
B) Khasi
C) Santals
D) Gonds
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Chakma
B) Marma
C) Tripuri
D) Khasi
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Ancient ruler
B) Mountain people
C) Beginning inhabitant
D) Forest dweller
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Dravidian
B) Janjati
C) Dalit
D) Vanavāsi
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Sri Lanka
B) Bangladesh
C) Nepal
D) Pakistan
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Gandhi
B) Jaipal Singh Munda
C) Thakkar Bapa
D) Ambedkar
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 366 (25)
B) Article 169
C) Article 342
D) Article 107
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Vedda
B) Indo-Aryans
C) Tea-tribes
D) Dravidians
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) ILO Convention 107
B) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
C) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
D) ILO Convention 169
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) Kerala
B) North East India
C) West Bengal
D) Jharkhand
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Greek
B) Latin
C) Austroasiatic
D) Arabic
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) British military generals
B) Zamindars
C) Adivasi elders
D) Foreign investors only
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1947
B) 1857
C) 1832
D) 1789
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Santal hul
B) The Great Kol Uprising
C) Bhumij rebellion
D) Munda independence war
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Return migration to their ancestral lands
B) Mass migration to the Americas
C) Permanent migration to Europe
D) Internal migrations within India
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The Indian National Congress
B) The East India Company
C) The British government
D) The local tribal rajas
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Positively
B) Enthusiastically
C) Negatively
D) Indifferently
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Tribal animist
B) Forest tribe
C) Hill and forest tribe
D) Primitive tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Primitive tribe
B) Animist
C) Tribes
D) Forest tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Jharkhand
B) Lakshadweep
C) Madhya Pradesh
D) Odisha
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Sanskrit
B) Persian
C) Latin
D) Greek
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Worship of Indo-European deities
B) Monistic Vedic worship
C) Reincarnation of the soul
D) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1921
B) 1911
C) 1941
D) 1931
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A synonym for Hinduism
B) A formal name for a religion
C) An anthropological construct
D) A word used by indigenous people
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) 14th century
B) 19th century
C) Post-independence
D) British period
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Holy woods
B) Spirit worship
C) Sun-Moon
D) Sacred grove
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Arunachal Pradesh
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Central-East India
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Oral traditions
B) Digital archives
C) Formal schooling
D) Written scriptures
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sacred grove
B) Witch doctor
C) Holy animal
D) Sun deity
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nicobar Islands
B) Nilgiri hills
C) Central-East India
D) Arunachal Pradesh
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Sunflower
B) Cactus
C) Tulsi
D) Rose
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Tiger
B) Cobra
C) Lion
D) Eagle
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Maple
B) Pine
C) Oak
D) Neem
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Nomadic traders
B) Sedentary farmers
C) Hunter gatherer
D) Urban dwellers
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Vedic Ritualism
B) Brahma Dharma
C) The Kallar Reform Movement
D) Shaivism
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
B) Maharshi Matanga
C) Sant Kalu Dev
D) Sant Kubera
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Half-eaten ber fruit
B) Swine flesh
C) Water from a stream
D) Dried lotus flowers
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Nishadha
B) Santal
C) Bodo
D) Kallar
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Maharshi Matanga
B) Guru Brahma
C) Sant Kubera
D) Sant Dhira
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Indraprastha Temple
B) Lingaraja Temple
C) Brahma Dharma Temple
D) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Temple priest
B) Fisherman
C) Kallar (robber)
D) Hunter
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 20,000
B) 100,000
C) 10,000
D) 5,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
B) Sant Kalu Dev
C) Sant Dhudhalinath
D) Sant Kubera
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Equally civilised
B) More civilised
C) Technologically superior
D) Less civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Commercial trade agreements
C) Matrimonial relations
D) Constant warfare
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 3
B) 14
C) 51
D) 632
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 750
B) 632
C) 500
D) 1000
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 40%
B) 59%
C) 29.6%
D) 8.5%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Kohima, Nagaland
B) Tejgadh, Gujarat
C) Asansol, West Bengal
D) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1961
B) 1991
C) 2011
D) 1999
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Nagas
B) Khasis
C) Gonds
D) Mizos
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Non-existent
B) Very high
C) Very low
D) Moderate
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 13.8%
B) 59%
C) 37%
D) 40.6%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Forest Protection Drive
B) Salwa Judum
C) Green Revolution
D) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By bribing local officials
B) By negotiating with tribal elders
C) By signing government contracts
D) By filing land ownership petitions
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Foreign corporations
B) Local merchant guilds
C) Government bureaucrats
D) Missionaries
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) English
B) Hindi
C) Assamese
D) Sanskrit
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Manmohan Singh
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
D) Indira Gandhi
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Red Corridor
B) The Thar Desert
C) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
D) The Western Ghats
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Gujjar
B) Meiteis
C) Bodo
D) Meena
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